Zur Toxikologie der Grundstoffe in Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln

Toxicology of Basic Materials in Washing and Cleaning Agents Toxicity data are of great significance in the assessment of safety of chemical products. This review includes such data for basic materials employed in washing and cleaning agents, as reported in the recent literature and substantiated by determinations made by the author; their significance is discussed.     

Schnelle und präzise Bestimmung des Gesamtglucosinolatgehaltes von Rapssamen-Vergleich der Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse mit Gaschromatographie und Hochdruckflüssigkeitschromatographie

Rapid and Precise Determination of Total Glucosinolate Content in Rapeseed – Comparison of X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy with Gaschromatography and High-Performance-Liquid-Chromatography The introduction of oilseed-rape cultivars poor in glucosinolates within the EG requires methods which allow a separation of the yield batches by the glucosinolate content. By means of the indirect determination of the glucosinolate content by X-ray-spectroscopy a method is introduced that produces a high correlation with conventional procedures (r² = 99% for GC-reference samples, r² = 92% for GC single data, r² = 96% for HPLC single data; deviations from average values: GC-reference samples 1.3%; single analyses of GC and HPLC 7.4 respectively 3.1%) and that needs only 4 minutes for one complete determination and is easily to perform.     

Schnelle atomabsorptionsspektrometrische Bestimmungen von Spurenelementen in Ölen und Fetten

Fast Atomic Absorption Measurements of Trace Elements in Oils and Fats by Reduced Sample Preparation Atomic absorption measurements of trace elements in oils and fats can be performed either in aqueous solutions after wet digestion or directly inorganic solutions of the samples. But wet digestions are time-consuming and may cause contamination. Direct measurements are fast but are influenced in uncontrolled manner by the matrix or the state of the trace elements in the sample. Such possible errors can be widely reduced if the samples are treated with concentrated formic acid before being measured directly in an organic solution. With formic acid the organic standards can also be prepared from aqueous solutions.     

Zur Probenvorbereitung und Homogenisierung pulverförmiger Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel

Sample Preparation and Homogenization of Solid Detergents. Solid detergents can be homogenized better than in other way by grinding in the ?Ultra-Zentrifugalmühle”?®. The better reproducibility after grinding is demonstrated with a cleaner for automatic dish washer and with a perborate containing detergent.     

Schnelle,effiziente und kostengünstige Auslegung von Membranverfahren mit flexiblen Labormembrantestständen

When designing complex membrane processes, different aspects have to be considered. While fundamental questions are addressed in the laboratory phase, the real conditions in the technical process can only be investigated in the course of a complex and extensive pilot phase. To assure a fast, efficient and cost‐effective layout, modern and flexible laboratory membrane test units are necessary that can reproduce operational conditions even in the laboratory with small test quantities. The requirements for modern laboratory membrane test units, the design and the procedure for the laboratory tests are presented and illustrated using the recovery of process water during glycerine production as an example.