燃气钢瓶调质炉余热回收的实践

介绍了一种复合式热管换热器,在高温段采用螺旋槽翅片管换热器,在低温段采用热管换热器进行2级逆流换热,成功地应用于燃气钢瓶调质炉的余热回收利用领域,并讨论了强化传热措施和工业炉燃料的节约率等相关内容。用燃料废气热量来预热空气是燃烧炉最有效的节能措施,例如废气温度为700℃,废气带走的热损失率为40％,若把空气预热到300℃就可以节约燃料达到15％。     

液氢温区冷氦增压试验系统的设计

针对液体火箭冷氦增压系统试验研究的不足,设计并建设了液氢温区冷氦增压试验系统,采用深低温制冷机组配合高压低温换热贮罐来实现液氢温区高压冷氦气源;使用管壳式加热器真实模拟箭上换热器的换热性能与流阻;提出以排气方式模拟贮箱推进剂消耗过程中压力的变化情况。该试验系统安全可靠,更加真实地模拟了液体火箭冷氦增压系统的工作过程。     

The effects of design and operating factors on the frost growth and thermal performance of a flat plate fin-tube heat exchanger under the frosting condition

An experimental study of the effects of various factors (fin pitch, fin arrangement, air temperature, air humidity, and air velocity) on the frost growth and thermal performance of a fin-tube heat exchanger has been conducted under the frosting condition. It is found that the thermal performance of a heat exchanger is closely related to the blockage ratio of the air flow passages due to the frost growth. The maximum allowable blockage ratio is used to determine the criteria for the optimal operating conditions of a fin-tube heat exchanger. It is also shown that heat transfer rate of heat exchanger with staggered fin arrangement increases about 17% and the time required for heat transfer rate to reach a maximum value becomes longer, compared with those of an inline fin-tube heat exchanger under the frosting condition. The energy transfer resistance between the air and coolant decreases with the increase of inlet air temperature and velocity and with decreasing inlet air humidity.     

Theoretical and numerical analyses of a ceramic monolith heat exchanger

This study assessed the performance of a ceramic monolith heat exchanger, estimating heat transfer and pressure drop by numerical computation and the ε-NTU method. A heat exchanger consists of rectangular ducts for exhaust gas, a ceramic core, and rectangular ducts for air and exhaust gases, as well as air in the cross-flow direction. The numerical computations were performed for the whole domain, including the exhaust gas, ceramic core, and air. In addition, the heat exchanger was examined using a conventional ε-NTU method with several Nusselt number correlations from the literature to characterize the flow in the rectangular duct. The results of these numerical computation analyses demonstrated that the effectiveness of the heat exchanger, as demonstrated using the ε-NTU method with Stephan’s Nusselt number correlation, came closest to the results of computation with a relative error of 2%. The air-side pressure drops indicated by the results of numerical computation were 13–22% higher than those calculated using the head loss equation with the inclusion of a friction factor that was obtained from previous experiments examining heat transfer conditions.     

利用拖拉机余热的农作物半干燥机组设计分析

为解决西南地区阴雨季节谷物容易发霉变质的问题,研究了利用发动机尾气余热来干燥谷物的半干燥机组,其主要内容包括:研究思路,发动机尾气流量,风机流量,热交换器流量及热交换的计算。经过分析和计算,经热交换器后的热空气和谷物相接触,热空气带动谷物在干燥管道内运动,同时对谷物进行干燥,随后进入干燥塔,待谷物进行干燥后,预计脱水率满足干燥要求,并且可以延缓霉变期7～8天,半干燥机组设计旨在用较低的干燥成本降低农业经济损失,具有较好的应用价值。     

Effect of surface etching on condensing heat transfer

This study conducted experiments on humid air condensation during heat transfer in an air preheating exchanger attached to a home condensing boiler to improve thermal efficiency. An etchant composed of sulfuric acid and sodium nitrate was used to create roughness on the heat exchanger surface made from STS430J1L. A counter flow heat exchanger was fabricated to test the performance of heat transfer. Results showed that the overall heat transfer coefficients of all specimens treated with etchant improved with respect to the original specimens (not treated with etchant), and the overall heat transfer coefficient of the 60 s etching specimen increased by up to 15%. However, the increasing rate of the heat transfer coefficient was disproportional to the etching time. When the etching time specifically increased above 60 s, the heat transfer coefficient decreased. This effect was assumed to be caused by surface characteristics such as contact angle. Furthermore, a smaller contact angle or higher hydrophilicity leads to higher heat transfer coefficient.

     

Heat transfer and pressure drop amidst frost layer presence for the full geometry of fin-tube heat exchanger

The present study numerically solves the flow and thermal fields in the full geometry of heat exchanger modeling with frost layer presence on the heat exchanger surface. The effects of air inlet velocity, air inlet temperature, frost layer thickness, fin pitch, fin thickness, and heat exchanger shape on the thermo-hydraulic performance of a fin-tube heat exchanger are investigated. Heat transfer rate rises with increasing air inlet velocity and temperature, and decreasing frost layer thickness and fin pitch. Pressure drop rises with increasing air inlet velocity and frost layer thickness, and decreasing fin pitch. The effect of fin thickness on heat transfer and pressure drop is negligible. Based on the present results, we derived the correlations, which express pressure drop and temperature difference between air inlet and outlet as a function of air inlet velocity and temperature, as well as frost layer thickness.     

R290替换R22应用于家用空调的试验研究

分析了R290应用于家用空调的优势及可行性,采用某企业生产的R22家用冷风型分体机,直接充注R290制冷剂,在焓差实验室内调整毛细管规格及制冷剂灌注量,使性能达到最佳状态,结果表明:R22系统直接灌注R290制冷剂,灌注量仅为原来的44.7%,但制冷量下降13.64%,能效比稍有提高。为进一步减小灌注量、提高制冷量,采用了平行流换热器作为冷凝器,重新调整灌注量及毛细管规格,结果显示R290灌注量大幅减少,制冷量及能效比显著提高,R290灌注量的减少有利于制冷系统的安全性。     

Experimental study on heat transfer characteristics of water-spray-bed heat exchanger

An experimental study was conducted on a water-spray-bed heat exchanger to investigate the heat transfer characteristics. A laboratory-scale test rig was built and its heat transfer characteristics were investigated with respect to various design and operation parameters such as the water spray flow rate, exhaust gas flow rate and number of tube rows. It was found that the implementation of the water spray increased the heat transfer rate to about 1.3 - 2.2 times that of a heat exchanger without water spray, although with a slight increase in the pressure loss. It was thus confirmed that the water spray was effective for enhancing condensing heat recovery from an exhaust gas.

     

一种直热式冷暖空调热水三用机的研究

介绍了一种由四个分立循环构成的冷暖空调热水三用机的系统流程和工作原理,首次公开了一种热泵用的直热储热两用型热水换热器的基本结构,工作原理,用实验和数值模拟方法,研究了这种新型换热器在零出水量作储热式换热器和在有不同出水量以及定温出水时的换热性能,并比较了同传热面积的浸泡式盘管换热器的性能.研究表明,带导流套筒的新换热器与市场上的家用热泵热水器的浸泡式盘管换热器相比,在连续供热水时,换热能力高1倍多,在零流量静态加热时,换热能力高10%以上.     

微型风扇出口速度分布及其对散热的影响

对两种不同型号微型风扇出口速度进行了测量,并对这两种型号风扇出口速度分布进行了比较。在此基础上,对散热器散热量进行了计算,得到了散热器出口的空气温度分布,并比较了采用两种微型风扇时散热器的散热量,以及相同空气流量、不同空气入口速度分布条件下散热器的散热量。计算结果表明,在相同空气流量条件下,均匀的速度分布有助于提高散热器的散热量。     

苯乙烯通风系统优化研究

为了改善生产车间的通风状况,降低生产过程造成的苯乙烯污染,新风及排风系统的优化设计显得尤为重要。根据车间污染源分布特点,运用计算流体动力学(CFD)的数值模拟方法,对某产生苯乙烯的车间的通风系统进行模拟,使人体工作环境达标。结果表明,采用顶部送风,顶部排风和两侧墙排风的通风方式,并不能有效降低车间内苯乙烯的浓度。采用增大通风量的方式效果也不明显,尤其是车间下部浓度超标。根据模拟结果,采用地面排风口可以提高排风效率,在另两面侧墙的2个模具之间增设排风口也可达到很好的效果。     

铜翅片管热水器的特性研究

以铜翅片管换热器为研究对象,通过合理的简化模型,以相邻2片换热片(取半片)及其之间的烟气通道作为计算区域,利用流体力学软件CFX对烟气通道的流动状况和换热情况进行了数值模拟。研究了管径、翅片厚度和翅片间距对排烟温度的影响,结果表明随着管径和翅片间距的增大排烟温度升高,随着翅片厚度增大排烟温度降低,排烟温度的升高或降低将影响排烟损失的大小,从而影响热效率。该数值模拟结果对改进翅片结构以提高热效率有一定指导意义。     

A study on performance improvement of corrugated type total heat exchanger considering the structure of flow passage on surface

Three types of flow passage structure of a total heat exchanger (perforated type, slit type, and embossed and perforated type) are studied to enhance the heat exchange performance of a heat recovery ventilation system (total heat exchanger). The perforated type has four punched rows of 6mm holes in the flow passage channel, and the slit type has six processed rows of 40mm length. The embossed and perforated type has holes of about 1mm diameter and protrusions of about 0.2mm height on all surfaces. The heat exchange efficiency of the modified total heat exchanger was compared to that of a general total heat exchanger with a smooth surface. The Korean Standard (KS) heat recovery ventilator test condition was applied for tests. In the case of cooling operation based on a typical Reynolds number of 140 (typical air flow rate of 100 m³/hr), the perforated type, slit type, and embossed and perforated type showed temperature efficiency improvement of 1.2%, 2.5%, and 5.0%; latent efficiency improvement of 18.0%, 32.3%, and 24.5%; and enthalpy efficiency improvement of 7.9%, 11.5%, and 11.2%, respectively. The corresponding improvements of heating operation were 3.0%, 3.4%, and 4.0%; 5.0%, 6.6%, and 18.7%; 3.2%, 4.3%, and 7.7%, respectively. On the other hand, the air pressure drop throughout the modified flow passage of the total heat exchanger increased by up to 1.7% at the typical Reynolds number of 140, from the air pressure drop of the regular total heat exchanger. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Dae Hee Lee Kyungmin Kwak received his B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Yeungnam University, Korea, in 1993, 1995 and 1999, respectively. Dr. Kwak is currently a Researcher at the Automotive RIC at Kyungil University, Korea. His research interests include heat transfer, refrigeration and air control. Cheolho Bai received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Seoul Na-tional University, Korea, in 1984 and 1986, respectively. He then received his Ph.D. from UCLA, USA, in 1992. Dr. Bai is currently a Professor at the School of Mechanical Engineering at Yeungnam University in Kyungsan, Korea. His research interests include heat transfer, refrigeration and air control.     

整车排放试验污染物瞬态质量测量方法研究

针对整车排放开发试验中直采排放测量设备不能直接测量出污染物瞬态质量的问题,采用了在袋采排放测量系统中增加稀释空气流量计SAO或者示踪CO2分析仪的方法,将袋采和直：采测量设备关联起来,实现了污染物的瞬态质量测量。采用SAO方法时,通过测量混合前稀释空气的瞬态流量,计算出汽车排气的瞬态体积,再用直采系统测出污染物的瞬态体积浓度值就可以换算成汽车排气污染物的瞬态质量值。采用TraceCO2方法时,通过比较稀释管道中混合气的CO2瞬态体积浓度值与稀释前尾气的CO2体积浓度,得出了动态稀释比,从而间接计算出了汽车排气的瞬态体积,进而计算出污染物瞬态质量值。试验结果证明,加装稀释空气流量计SAO和示踪CO2分析仪的排放测量系统,能够有效测量出汽车排气中污染物的瞬态质量值。     

夏热冬冷地区中小学教室中不同新风方式的分析研究

基于DeST模拟软件,对夏热冬冷地区中小学教室中的空调系统(多联机+不同方式新风供给)进行了模拟分析.研究结果表明:全热交换器并不适用于夏热冬冷地区中的中小学教室,全热交换器过多热量的回收有时候反而会引起更多电能的消耗.研究结果可为未来中小学教室新风系统的设计研究提供借鉴.     

面向生产过程质量控制的汽车空调热交换器散热性能检测装置研究及应用

为了保证汽车空调热交换器生产过程中的产品质量,针对汽车空调热交换器生产过程中质量检测方面存在着的问题,以汽车空调热交换器质量指标-散热性能为研究对象,提出了面向生产过程质量控制的汽车空调热交换器散热性能检测装置的设计原理,完成了热交换器散热性能检测装置的硬件和软件的设计与实现;最后对该检测装置进行了实验验证。实验及研究结果表明,所设计完成的检测装置能够用于判定热交换器生产过程是否发生异常情况,从而可以为汽车空调热交换器生产过程质量保证系统的构建奠定一定的基础。     

Effects of gas flow on particulate deposition in EGR coolers

This paper presents the test approach to investigate the effects of gas flow rate on particulate deposition inside the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) coolers. The tests were carried out on a diesel engine equipped with the EGR cooler that a given total gas flow rate passed through and that contained pluggable exchanger tubes to adjust the flow rate in the tubes. Test results show that under the given coolant temperature and EGR gas temperature, the lower flow rate in the exchanger tube is and the longer tubes are, the more particulate with D_p > 50 nm deposit in the cooler. With the given total gas flow rate passing through the cooler, the lower flow rate in the exchanger tube is and the longer tubes are, the larger deposit mass is inside the cooler. In the cases of longer tubes, the effects of gas flow rate on the deposit mass are depends on the effects of gas velocity on the particulate deposition, rather than the effects of flow rate on the particulate number passing through the heat exchanger tube per minute.

     

某空调系统运行参数的遗传算法优化

空调系统能耗占建筑能耗的50%以上,减少空调系统能耗可在一定程度上降低建筑能耗。以宁波市某办公建筑的空调系统为研究对象,对空调系统各设备建立基于功率的能耗模型,并用实数编码遗传算法对典型日空调系统的冷水供水温度、冷水流量和冷凝侧风量进行求解,得出了适合于该建筑的节能运行策略。研究结果表明,优化后空调系统全天总能耗为1578.86k W,比优化前该系统日平均能耗(1819.70k W)节能13.24%。     

汽车尾气温差发电系统车载兼容性多目标优化研究

汽车尾气温差发电系统在接入发动机的排气管时会改变其气流,为了尽可能降低对发动机原有性能的影响,提高汽车尾气温差发电系统的发电性能,针对汽车尾气温差发电用六边形热交换器,以表面平均温度最高和压力损失最小为目标进行其车载兼容性优化。基于CFD软件搭建了热交换器的有限元仿真模型,研究热交换器的入口气体流速对其表面温度和压力损失的影响,以及入口气体温度对其表面温度的影响,以翅片长度、角度、宽度及翅片间的间距为设计变量,针对试验数据建立高斯过程回归代理模型,并采用灰狼算法在多目标优化函数空间中寻求最优解。结果表明,与经典的NSGA-Ⅱ算法相比,利用多目标灰狼算法进行优化时所得Pareto解集更为集中,设定的评价指标值也更高;与优化前的几种结构相比,优化后的热交换器表面平均温度有所降低,但压力损失下降显著;与空腔结构热交换器相比,其表面平均温度和压力损失均有提升,压力损失增加幅值在可接受范围内,证明优化后的热交换器能有效兼顾汽车尾气温差发电系统的功率及其车载兼容性。