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从微生物降解有机磷农药的种类、降解机理、降解基因等方面综述了微生物降解有机磷农药近年来的研究进展,探讨了微生物降解有机磷农药研究领域的发展趋势及进一步的研究方向,并提出建议。 相似文献
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在有机氯农药被禁用后,有机磷农药的应用急剧增加,成为农业生产领域使用最广泛的杀虫剂。有机磷农药可抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶,对生态安全和人体健康都会产生严重毒害作用。近年来,随着有机磷农药中毒与污染事件的频繁发生,其检测新方法、新技术研究已成为环境科学领域的研究热点。通过对2012~2022年相关文献的检索、归纳、整理,分析、评述了有机磷农药环境残留的主要检测分析方法,包括样品前处理、有机磷提取与测定方法,从环境介质角度,比较、分析了各种检测方法、技术的优缺点和适用性,同时展望了有机磷农药检测技术的发展趋势。 相似文献
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早在50年代左右,日本就开始使用以苯硫磷和对硫磷为首的有机磷农药,目前,仍是日本的主要农药类别。现在有机磷农药作为农用杀虫剂、杀菌剂、杀虫杀菌剂、除草剂及植物生长调节剂等而广泛应用,其中杀虫剂约为有机磷农药总销售量的47%。另外,有机磷农药约占全部农药的23%,在目前已登记的300种农药中,有20%左右为有机磷农药。与整个世界情况一样,在日本,有机磷农药仍起着举足轻重的地位。 相似文献
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从国外有机磷农药研究进展对我国发展有机磷农药的意见 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文论述了几年来有机磷农药(杀虫剂、杀菌剂、除草剂、植物生长调节剂等)的研究进展,出现的新品种,有机磷农药在各类农药产理中的比重,最后对我国有机磷农药的发展提了几点意见。 相似文献
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本文简单介绍了有机磷农药水解反应在环境保护中的应用,综合讨论了有机磷农药的分子结构、水解动力学和水解反应机理。从而比较全面地说明了采用水解反应治理有机磷农药废水的基本原理。 相似文献
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Dinesh Singh J. K. Gehlawat Musti S. Rao 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》1990,47(2):127-136
Oslefins and diolefins are important intermediates in the petrochemical industry and the future promises a further substantial increase in demand. While several catalysts have been formulated in the past for the abstraction of hydrogen from butenes and propylene, these catalysts are inefficient in the abstraction of first hydrogen from butane. Bismuth molybdates (β and γ-phases) containing iron oxide and supported on alumina are used as catalysts in the present investigation on the oxidative dehydrogenation of n-butane. Effects of catalyst content, temperature and oxygen: n-butane ratio on conversion and selectivity to butadiene and (C4H8 + C4H6) are studied in the following ranges of experimental conditions: β-bismuth molybdate/100 mol support I(K), 3–9; γ-bismuth molybdate/100 mol support I(K), 5-20; temperature, 400–500°C; O2: butane ratio, 0.6:1.7. 相似文献
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考登钢作为一种高耐候结构钢,广泛应用于各个领域。在火力发电方面,考登钢主要应用在工作环境比较恶劣的烟气加热器和空气预热器中。考登钢表面涂搪的目的就是进一步提高其耐腐蚀性能,延长使用寿命。为了提高考登钢元件的使用寿命,对考登钢表面涂搪瓷的可行性、密着性能、瓷釉、工艺控制、质量保证等方面进行了研究。 相似文献
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A viscometer used to measure the viscosity of 10 μl of a liquid, must be miniaturized down, and the liquid velocity gradient in the channel used to determine the viscosity coefficient. Two major factors that affect the liquid velocity are the mechanical forces exerted by the mechanical motors and electromagnetic forces. In this study, electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) is adopted to drive liquids. Variously sized electrodes on a chip, and two shapes of channel are employed to measure the velocity gradient to determine the viscosity coefficient. The device is fabricated by microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology. The dielectric layer used in EWOD has a high dielectric constant, BST (Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3), to reduce the required applied voltage; its surface is coated with hydrophobic polymer, polytetrafluoro-ethylene (PTFE, Teflon® AF DuPont). Experimental results demonstrate that liquids can be pulled at 660 μm/s in linear channels by applying a voltage of 15 V. 相似文献
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采用实验方法考察工艺参数对沉降斑的影响。基于一个带凸台的平板模具,采用L27(313)正交矩阵进行实验,研究了几何尺寸、熔体温度、注射时间、保压压力及保压时间对厚度突变处沉降斑形成的影响,同时还考虑了熔体温度和注射时间以及保压压力和注射时间之间的交互作用影响;通过性噪比分析和F检验优化成型工艺条件并对工艺参数的影响进行显著性分析。结果表明,对于厚度突变的平板制品,厚度突变的程度对其沉降斑形成的影响最大,其次为熔体温度,保压压力,保压时间等;采取减小厚度变化,降低熔体温度或增加保压压力和保压时间等措施,可以减小厚度突变处沉降斑,从而减少其对外观质量的影响;因素之间的交互作用对制品沉降斑的形成有一定的影响,熔体温度B和注射时间C之间的交互作用影响较为明显,而保压压力D和注射时间C之间的交互作用对该质量指标的影响最小,可以并入误差。 相似文献
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In reexamining medium effects on photochemical reactions, we have emphasized those on unequilibrated excited species such as the Franck-Condon species. Despite recent advances in femtochemistry, such a discussion in molecular photochemistry is uncommon, and the problem remains challenging on account of the extremely short-lived excited species. However, in such cases, a small perturbation resulting from, for example, weak guest-host interactions could turn into a determining factor in dictating the course of a photochemical channel of deactivation. Examples of medium-directed diabatic processes have been examined with this idea in mind. A modified view on rhodopsin photoisomerization is presented along with the consideration that confinement does not necessarily lead to inhibition of reactions of the trapped substrate. 相似文献
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研究了温度和pH值对漆酶酶活以及漆酶处理纤维压制纤维板性能的影响。结果表明,pH较低、温度较高时漆酶酶活较高,压制的纤维板强度性能较好。但温度太高(60~80℃),延长加热时间,漆酶稳定性变差,酶活明显降低,压制纤维板的强度下降。 相似文献