北京市中心城区再生水厂技术路线总结及探讨

北京市中心城区的11座再生水厂,其中7座经历了从污水处理厂到再生水厂的升级改造,另外4座为新建的再生水厂。针对北京市中心城区的再生水厂技术路线进行总结归纳:污水处理厂升级改造为再生水厂,设计出水水质主要参考《城市污水再生利用景观环境用水水质》(GB/T18918-2002)和《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)确定,主要的技术路线为"生物滤池+过滤+脱色";新建再生水厂的设计出水水质为北京市地标《城镇污水处理厂水污染物排放标准》(DB 11/890-2012)的B标准,主要技术路线为"预处理+多段AAO+砂滤+脱色";用地受限的再生水厂采用了MBR工艺。     

全地下式再生水厂CASS—CMF工艺设计要点及难点解析

广州国际生物岛再生水厂工程设计处理规模1万m3/d,采用CASS—CMF(连续膜过滤)工艺,构筑物为全地下式布置,要求出水达到城市杂用水水质标准,污泥采用一体化浓缩脱水处理。通过对再生水厂工艺设计的总体阐述,介绍了该工程的主要设计参数以及设计要点和难点。     

纳滤深度处理在饮用水厂的应用与实践

张家港市第四水厂以长江水为原水,采用混凝沉淀超滤纳滤的双膜深度处理工艺,日处理规模为20万m3,出水水质远优于国家《生活饮用水卫生标准标准》(GB 5749-2006)和地方标准《江苏省城市自来水厂关键水质指标控制标准》(DB32/T 3701-2019).水厂核心单元纳滤系统结合超滤预处理表现出优越的工艺性能,能去除常规工艺难以去除的有机污染物,提供高品质饮用水.水厂在纳滤水厂建设、设备安装调试、工艺稳定运行等方面开展了大量的实践工作.     

《水回用导则》系列国家标准发布

2021年12月31日,由清华大学、中国标准化研究院、清华大学深圳国际研究生院等单位牵头制定的《水回用导则》系列国家标准经国家市场监督管理总局、国家标准化管理委员会批准正式发布。《水回用导则》系列国家标准为首次制定,包括以下3项标准:(1)《水回用导则再生水厂水质管理》(GB/T 41016-2021);(2)《水回用导则污水再生处理技术与工艺评价方法》(GB/T 41017-2021);(3)《水回用导则再生水分级》(GB/T 41018-2021)。     

深圳市西丽再生水厂设计与运行

西丽再生水厂是目前深圳特区内唯一一座位于城市河流上游的污水处理厂,担负着向大沙河补充生态景观用水的任务。再生水厂建设规模5万m3/d,主体工艺采用BIOSTYR生物滤池+ACTIFLO高密度沉淀池,在设计中需要解决用地紧张、尾水排放标准高以及臭气对居民区影响等问题。介绍了西丽再生水厂的设计特点、主要工艺设计参数,并对实际运行情况进行分析。     

生物滤池—石灰软化法组合工艺在某再生水厂中的应用

华北某再生水厂设计规模为3万m3/d,采用生物滤池—石灰软化法组合工艺进行深度处理,出水用作热电厂锅炉的循环冷却补给水以及部分城市景观用水。介绍了工艺的选择及设计过程,并根据实际运行情况对工艺性能进行分析。     

能源重化工基地废水处理及回用研究

某能源重化工基地污水处理厂采用水解酸化-AO-混凝沉淀-超滤-反渗透的主体工艺处理废水,深度处理后的出水作为再生水回用于生产及绿化。工程运行结果表明:SS、NH3-N、COD的平均去除率分别为97.4%、91.3%、94.6%,出水水质达到《城市污水再生利用工业用水水质》(GB/T 19923—2005)与《城市污水再生利用城市杂用用水水质》(GB/T 18920-2002)2个标准要求,直接运行成本为2.02元/m3。     

MBR+高级氧化工艺在高排放标准污水处理厂中的应用

北京某镇级污水处理厂,设计规模为3 000m~3/d,进水为市政污水,采用预处理+膜生物反应器(MBR)+高级氧化(AOPs)工艺,出水要求同时达到《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》(GB 18920-2002)与北京市《城镇污水处理厂水污染物排放标准》(DB 11/890-2012)表1中的A标准。详细介绍了高排放标准要求下的污水处理厂工艺流程选择,以及相关工艺单体的优化设计和设备选型。     

高安屯再生水厂碳中和实践措施及效果

高安屯再生水厂位于北京市,水处理规模20万m³/d,主体工艺为AAO+砂滤池,污泥处理中心规模1 836 t/d(污泥含水率80%),主体工艺为热水解+厌氧消化+板框脱水。对比了不同碳核算标准,确定了高安屯再生水厂碳排放计算边界。高安屯再生水厂碳中和项目采用节能降耗、回收能源、利用清洁能源的方法,是泥水共治、餐厨协同、多能耦合、能源自给的大型碳中和示范工程。     

AAO工艺处理发制品产业集聚区综合废水工程设计及运行效果

许昌市屯南污水处理厂一期工程采用AAO工艺处理发制品产业集聚区综合废水,主要构筑物设计规模3万m~3/d,其中进水混合发制品产业生产废水量1.21万m~3/d。介绍了AAO生化池等构筑物处理综合废水的工程设计,水厂电耗及药剂成本0.395元/m~3。考察了水厂满负荷运行后连续6个月的运行效果,虽然进水COD和TP平均浓度大于设计目标值,但水厂出水COD和TP达标率约88%和99%;出水NH_3-N平均浓度(2.0±2.9)mg/L;综合出水水质优于《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级A标准的设计指标。     

Aerobic granular sludge technology: an alternative to activated sludge?

Laboratory experiments have shown that it is possible to cultivate aerobic granular sludge in sequencing batch reactors. In order to direct future research needs and the critical points for successful implementation at large scale, a full detailed design of a potential application was made. The design was based on the laboratory results, and two variants of a full-scale sewage treatment plant based on Granular sludge Sequencing Batch Reactors (GSBRs) were evaluated. As a reference a conventional treatment plant based on activated sludge technology was designed for the same case. Based on total annual costs both GSBR variants proved to be more attractive than the reference alternative (7-17% lower costs). From a sensitivity analysis it appeared that the GSBR technology was less sensitive to the land price and more sensitive to a rain weather flow (RWF). This means that the GSBR technology becomes more attractive at lower permissible RWF/DWF ratios and higher land prices. The footprint of the GSBR variants was only 25% compared to the reference. However, the GSBR with primary treatment only cannot meet the present effluent standards for municipal wastewater in The Netherlands, mainly because of a too high suspended solids concentration in the effluent. A growing number of sewage treatment plants in the Netherlands are going to be faced with more stringent effluent standards. In general, activated sludge plants will have to be extended with a post treatment step (e.g. sand filtration) or be transformed into Membrane Bioreactors. In this case a GSBR variant with primary treatment as well as post treatment can be an attractive alternative.     

Aerobic biological treatment of thermophilically digested sludge

Aerobic biological treatment of digested sludge was studied in a continuously operated laboratory set-up. An aerated reactor was filled with thermophilically digested sludge from the Moscow wastewater treatment plant and inoculated with special activated sludge. It was then operated at the chemostat mode at different flow rates. Processes of nitrification and denitrification, as well as dephosphatation, occurred simultaneously during biological aerobic treatment of thermophilically digested sludge. Under optimal conditions, organic matter degradation was 9.6%, the concentrations of ammonium nitrogen and phosphate decreased by 89 and 83%, respectively, while COD decreased by 12%. Dewaterability of digested sludge improved significantly. The processes were found to depend on hydraulic retention time, oxygen regime, and temperature. The optimal conditions were as follows: hydraulic retention time 3-4 days, temperature 30-35 degrees C, dissolved oxygen levels 0.2-0.5 mg/L at continuous aeration or 0.7-1 mg/L at intermittent aeration. Based on these findings, we propose a new combined technology of wastewater sludge treatment. The technology combines two stages: anaerobic digestion followed by aerobic biological treatment of digested sludge. The proposed technology makes it possible to degrade the sludge with conversion of approximately 45% volatile suspended solids to biogas, to improve nitrogen and phosphorus removal in reject water from sludge treatment units, and to achieve removal of malodorous substances after 8-9 days of anaerobic-aerobic sludge treatment.     

Commissioning and operational experiences for the 160ML/d Woodman Point Sequencing Batch Reactor--control of settleability and denitrification using bioselectors.

Achieving and maintaining good biomass settling characteristics is a critical process design objective for any activated sludge wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), whether intermittent or continuous technology. One way of ensuring good sludge settleability in intermittent WWTPs is the incorporation of bioselectors in the process. A bioselector is essentially a small discrete reactor volume designed primarily for carbon absorption, in which activated sludge organisms are exposed to a high substrate concentration for a relatively short time. It is normally very much smaller than an anoxic zone and the activated sludge recycle is only a fraction of that typically adopted in continuous plants. With proper conditioning, recycled biomass rapidly absorbs and stores soluble organic wastewater components before transfer to the main treatment basin. This absorption and storage mechanism, and careful management of aeration throughout the intermittent treatment cycle, plays a crucial role in many subsequent growth and treatment processes, including sludge floc formation, denitrification and biological phosphorus removal. This paper examines some design considerations, and reviews the benefits of bioselectors by reference to the commissioning and initial operation of the new 160ML/d Woodman Point Sequencing Batch Reactor in Perth, Western Australia. The applicability of bioselectors in continuous plants is discussed.     

空腹弹性地基梁专利技术用于厂房基础设计

空腹弹性地基梁专利技术应用于坐落在填海的淤泥之上的某厂房基础设计，改变了厂房基础处理需打桩的设计思路，节约造价约500—700元／m^2。该厂房未打一根桩，解决了厂房不均匀沉降的问题，并且保证该厂房地面承载力大于30kN／m^2。现已安全使用3a多。     

Treatment of textile dyes in two-phase and single-phase anaerobic bio-treatment systems.

This research integrates two different concepts of anaerobic biotechnology- two-phase anaerobic treatment and anaerobic granular sludge bed technology, in treatment of colored wastewaters from textile industries. Four anaerobic reactors based on upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) technology were used as acid reactors and an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor was used as a methane reactor. A conventional single-phase anaerobic reactor, working on EGSB technology was run in parallel to compare the performances of the two systems. Reactors were operated at different hydraulic retention times. The results from the study, which span over a period of 400 days, indicated that the two-phase system produces a higher quality of effluent in terms of color, COD and suspended solids than single-phase anaerobic treatment when operated under similar conditions. Alkalinity requirement of two-phase system was also observed to be lower than that of single-phase system which is important regarding design consideration.     

污泥热干化工艺设计重点问题探讨

污泥经过热干化技术处理后,可以实现减量化、稳定化和无害化,为后续的土地利用、建材利用和焚烧等处理处置创造良好条件,因而热干化技术具有广泛的实用价值.结合在实际工作中的体会,对污泥量、污泥泥质、蒸发量、厂址选择等设计中需要重点考虑的因素进行了分析和阐述.     

太湖流域安全饮用水保障技术示范工程——上海杨树浦水厂新建深度处理与污泥处置部分

上海杨树浦水厂新建工程规模36万m3/d,在常规水处理工艺基础上增设臭氧活性炭深度处理工艺。详细介绍了示范工程中臭氧活性炭深度处理工艺的建设情况,对臭氧的投加方式、气源选择以及活性炭的工艺设计、反冲洗方式等关键技术进行了说明。并对污泥处置、废水回用工艺及深度处理工艺设计中采用的节能措施进行了阐述。     

多元综合好氧堆肥工艺在城市污泥处置工程中的应用

结合厦门市海沧污泥堆肥厂的工程设计和同安污泥堆肥试验厂的生产运行,介绍了多元综合好氧堆肥工艺处置城市污泥的工艺特点、主要设计参数、技术经济指标、试运行情况等.该工艺具有投资省、成本低、高效、安全等特点,是一种技术先进的污泥资源化利用工艺.     

我国城市污水处理厂污泥产沼气的前景分析

污泥厌氧消化具有稳定污泥和回收能量以及处理后污泥可作农肥的突出优点.我国城市污水处理厂污泥多,污泥厌氧消化的推广空间巨大.污泥厌氧消化推广的主要问题是规模较小、投资高、技术复杂、维修量大等,而沼气利用不理想大大削弱了该工艺的优势.必须降低投资、简化运行和提高沼气利用的效益,加速研究配套政策,才能改变投入高、产出低的现状,才能使污泥厌氧消化成为污泥处理的首选工艺.     

北京市小城镇污水处理工程规划设计探讨

随着经济的不断发展和人们环保意识的增强，解决小城镇的污水处理问题已刻不容缓。为了科学合理地对小城镇污水处理进行规划与设计，使工程能更切合北京市小城镇的具体实际，对北京市小城镇污水处理规划设计中有关工程规模、进出水水质、厂址选择、处理工艺选择、污水消毒与污泥处理等问题进行了探讨，对小城镇污水处理厂获得较佳的社会、环境与经济效益具有一定的借鉴意义。