基于混沌的大坝监测序列小波RBF神经网络预测模型

本文结合混沌理论、小波分解与重构,以及径向基函数(RBF)神经网络的优点,提出了一种基于混沌的大坝监测序列小波RBF神经网络预测模型。该模型主要利用小波分析将大坝监测序列分解为趋势项和细节时间序列,并利用RBF神经网络和基于RBF神经网络的混沌理论对两种时间序列进行预测,最后通过小波重构得到预测值。实例分析表明,本模型能够克服监测序列中的噪声干扰,反映大坝监测序列的多尺度特性,对监测数据的预测精度较高,可应用于实际工程。     

时间序列分解模型在大坝变形预测中的应用

基于时间序列分解法建立大坝变形预测模型。引入灰色系统理论来分离趋项,并将全域法分析和时间序列有机结合。从预测结果可以看出,模型具有较高的预测精度。     

基于EMD分解法的大坝变形预测模型及应用

针对传统模型对脉动时间序列的预测效果较差的情况,结合经验模态分解(EMD)、相关向量机(RVM)理论以及改进粒子群算法(IPSO)的优点,提出一种基于EMD分解法的大坝变形预测模型。首先利用EMD分解法对大坝变形时间序列进行分解和重构,使非平稳的大坝变形时间序列平稳化,再以RVM理论为基础进行预测,核函数选用高斯核函数,并采用改进粒子群算法(IPSO)进行寻优,最终建立EMD-RVM(IPSO)大坝变形预测模型。通过实例计算得到,SVM、RVM和EMDRVM(IPSO)三种模型的平均残差分别为5.29 mm、3.13 mm、0.97 mm,并且EMD-RVM(IPSO)模型的预测值误差均控制在5%以内。这证明EMD分解法对非平稳时间序列的预处理可有效提高预测精度,相比于标准SVM模型和RVM模型,EMD-RVM(IPSO)模型的预测精度更高,且结构稀疏度更好,在实际工程中具有一定的可行性。     

基于EMD-RVM-Arima的大坝变形预测模型及其应用

由于大坝变形监测数据为非平稳、非线性的时间序列,因此采用经验模态分解法(EMD)、相关向量机理论(RVM)以及Arima误差修正模型对大坝变形监测数据进行分析预测。首先利用EMD分解法对原始时间序列进行分解和重构,使原始序列平稳化,得到若干本征模态函数(IMF)以及残差序列,再以RVM预测模型对上述结果进行分析预测,最后利用Arima误差修正模型对预测残差进行误差修正,从而建立了以RVM为基础预测模型的EMD-RVM-Arima大坝变形预测模型。以某双曲拱坝为例,采用该模型对其变形监测数据进行分析预测,得到的平均残差为2. 89 mm,同时计算出SVM、RVM法的平均残差为11. 62 mm、9. 30 mm。可以看出,EMD-RVM-Arima模型大大提高了预测精度,该模型在大坝变形预测中具有可行性。     

基于 EMD － ＲVM － Arima 的大坝变形预测模型及其应用

由于大坝变形监测数据为非平稳、非线性的时间序列,因此采用经验模态分解法( EMD) 、相关向量机理论( ＲVM) 以及 Arima 误差修正模型对大坝变形监测数据进行分析预测。首先利用 EMD分解法对原始时间序列进行分解和重构,使原始序列平稳化,得到若干本征模态函数( IMF) 以及残差序列,再以 ＲVM 预测模型对上述结果进行分析预测,最后利用 Arima 误差修正模型对预测残差进行误差修正,从而建立了以 ＲVM 为基础预测模型的 EMD － ＲVM － Arima 大坝变形预测模型。以某双曲拱坝为例,采用该模型对其变形监测数据进行分析预测,得到的平均残差为 2. 89 mm,同时计算出SVM、ＲVM 法的平均残差为 11. 62 mm、9. 30 mm。可以看出,EMD － ＲVM － Arima 模型大大提高了预测精度,该模型在大坝变形预测中具有可行性。     

基于统计和混沌优化BP神经网络融合模型的大坝变形预测分析

变形是大坝结构性态动态演化的重要效应量,对其准确预报是保障大坝安全运行的基础。针对大坝变形监测数据序列中存在的混沌现象,采用混沌相关理论对统计模型中的残差序列进行混沌动力学特性分析,揭示其混沌特性并进行相空间重构。同时,利用BP神经网络处理非线性问题具有的优点,建立统计和混沌优化BP神经网络融合预测模型,将其用于工程实例。工程实例表明,该模型精度高于传统统计模型,在大坝变形安全监控中具有一定的应用价值。     

基于LSTM的混凝土坝变形预测模型

为提升混凝土坝变形预测的精度,采用具有出色的非线性数据挖掘能力与时间序列长、短期预测性能的长短期记忆网络(LSTM),提出了基于LSTM网络的混凝土坝变形预测模型.实例分析表明,相比于常用的逐步回归、多元回归等方法,基于LSTM网络构建的变形预测模型可有效挖掘大坝变形与影响因子间复杂的非线性关系,模型的建模与预测精度均得以显著提升.     

基于Lyapunov指数的观测数据短期预测

本文介绍大坝观测数据的Lyapunov指数预报分析方法，应用混沌方法对大坝时间观测序列数据进行处理，并将这种混沌特性应用于大坝变形预测，根据大坝变形的时间观测数据及计算所得的Lyapunov指数规律，就可计算得到较好的预测结果；并对混沌时间序列相空间重构中的延迟时间间隔和嵌入维数的选取方法进行了讨论；结合实例对Lyapunov指数预测方法进行计算验证。     

小波和混沌神经网络在大坝变形预测中的应用

大坝是复杂的变形系统,其变形表现为动态非线性,也存在混沌现象。为充分利用大坝变形监测位移时间序列,实现位移单变量情况下的准确预测,提出了一种小波和混沌神经网络预测新方法,首先对大坝位移变形监测数据进行小波分解,其次对分解后的平滑信号进行傅里叶函数拟合预测,再对细节信号进行软阈值去噪和混沌神经网络预测,最后将预测信号进行小波重构。通过工程实例对比分析了小波和混沌神经网络预测新方法、神经网络模型、多元回归模型在大坝位移变形预测中的精度。结果表明,小波和混沌神经网络预测方法的预测精度最高,可以应用于大坝变形预测。     

基于CEEMDAN-PSR-KELM的大坝变形预测

为提高大坝变形预测精度,针对大坝变形监测序列的非线性、非平稳性等特点,提出一种基于具有自适应噪声的完整集成经验模态分解(CEEMDAN)-相空间重构(PSR)-核极限学习机(KELM)的大坝变形预测模型。首先利用CEEMDAN算法将大坝变形监测序列分解成为若干不同频率的子序列,然后对各序列进行相空间重构,依据重构的各个子序列分别建立相应的KELM预测模型,最后对各子序列预测结果进行叠加求和得到最终预测结果。通过实例对比分析表明,该模型在大坝变形预测中预测精度较高,对于大坝变形安全监测具有一定的实用价值。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。