Synthesis and characteristics of a novel heavy metal ions chelator

Polyacrylamide-urea-sulfanilamide(PUS) was prepared as a novel heavy metal ions chelator and successfully used to simultaneously remove heavy metals from wastewater effluents.The effects of reaction parameters(sodium hydroxide,material ratio,temprature and contact time) were monitored to specify the best synthesis conditions.PUS was chemically characterized by means of infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis).The simultaneous chelation performance of PUS towards selected heavy metals ions,Ni2+,Cu2+,Pb2+,Zn2+,Cd2+ was discussed,showing that Ni2+,Cu2+,Pb2+,Zn2+ could be better chelated.It is indicated that the synthesized PUS is a potential remediation material when used for the treatment of wastewater containing metal ions.     

接枝含氮杂环化合物壳聚糖的合成及其对重金属离子的吸附研究

以Fe2 -H2O2为引发剂,N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮为醚化剂,将壳聚糖进行醚化改性,得到接枝含氮杂环化合物壳聚糖(NVP-CTS),并通过红外光谱和元素分析证实了接枝化合物的存在.同时通过试验研究了NVP-CTS对Ni2 ,Cu2 ,Cr3 ,Pb2 四种重金属离子的吸附性能.实验发现,由于在壳聚糖分子中接枝上了含氮杂环化合物,NVP-CTS对重金属离子的吸附性能为改性前的2～5倍,并且对Ni2 有特殊的吸附能力,吸附量约为其它离子的2倍.同时对吸附时间、吸附温度以及吸附溶液pH值对吸附能力的影响进行了实验研究.     

Thermochemical studies of the toxic action of heavy metal ions on<Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis> by microcalorimetry

By using an LKB2277, BioActivity Monitor (heat conduction microcalorimeter), stopped-flow method, the thermogenetic curves of Escherichia coli growth at 37°C inhibited by four kinds of heavy metal ions are determined, and parameters such as growth rate constants, inhibitory ratio, half-inhibitory concentration etc. were obtained. The experimental results show that heavy metal ions can inhibit Escherichia coli growth obviously, but low concentration of Cu²⁺ has a promoting action. The half inhibitory concentrations of Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺ and Cu²⁺ are 28.3, 10.9, 3.19 and 69.6 μg. mL⁻¹, respectively. Judged from the rate constant, the half-inhibitory concentration and the molecular mass, the inhibitory sequence is Hg²⁺>Cd²⁺>Zn²⁺>Cu²⁺. This microclorimetric bioassay for acute cellular toxicity is based on metabolic heat evolution from cultured cells. The assay is quantitative, inexpensive, and versatile; moreover, toxicological information can be obtained with cell from other species of interest. Li Xi: Born in 1968 Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (29973030 and 30170010)     

Synthesis of Composite Nanoparticles Bearing Epoxy Functional Groups：Encapsulation of Silica by Emulsion Polymerization of GMA

Poly （ glycidyl methacrylate ） / silica （PGMA/silica） composite nanoparticles , containing epoxy functional groups on the surface, were synthesized via emulsion polymerization. With batch process, high yield and binding efficiency （ both around 90% ） were achieved. The amount of crosslinked GMA was approximately 8wt%- 14wt% to the polymerized monomer. It was found that both the encapsulating ratio and the number of the original silica beads per composite particles altered with the amount of silica added. The obtained particles, with their average particle size of about 60- 70 nm, had a spherical shape and a clear core- shell structure.     

偕胺肟改性聚丙烯腈纤维与不同金属离子之间的配位反应性能研究

为了更好地理解纤维材料与金属离子之间的反应,将偕胺肟改性聚丙烯腈纤维(AO-PAN)分别与5种金属离子Fe3+、Cu2+、Co2+、Ce3+和La3+进行配位反应并生成改性PAN纤维金属配合物,在考察了金属离子初始浓度和反应温度影响的基础上重点研究了不同金属离子的配位反应特性,并计算和比较了相关反应参数.结果表明,当AO-PAN与金属离子发生配位反应时,提高反应溶液中金属离子初始浓度和反应温度能够促进金属离子平衡配合量的增加.这个配位反应属于一级动力学反应,温度的升高能够导致其反应速率常数显著增大.在相同条件下5种金属离子的反应速率常数的排列顺序为Fe3+＞Cu2+＞Co2+＞Ce3+＞La3+,而其反应活化能则表现出相反变化趋势,这表明Fe3+离子的配位反应能力最高,而2种稀土金属离子的配位反应对温度的依赖性更强.热力学参数△H0＞0、△S0＞0、△G0＜0,证实这个配位反应为自发进行的吸热反应.     

金属离子对发酵性丝孢酵母发酵产油脂的影响

通过摇瓶发酵．考察了不同浓度金属离子（Mg^2＋、Mn^2＋、Cu^2＋、Zn^2＋）对发酵性丝孢酵母（Trichosporon fermentans）发酵产油脂的影响，研究结果表明：培养基中添加适量的Mg^2＋、Cu^2＋、Zn^2＋有利于细胞积累油脂．但Mn^2＋对菌体生长及积累油脂不利。     

金属离子对发酵性丝孢酵母发酵产油脂的影响

通过摇瓶发酵,考察了不同浓度金属离子(Mg2+、Mn2+、Cu2+、Zn2+)对发酵性丝孢酵母(Trichosporon fermentans)发酵产油脂的影响,研究结果表明:培养基中添加适量的Mg2+、Cu2+、Zn2+有利于细胞积累油脂,但Mn2+对菌体生长及积累油脂不利。     

Adsorption behavior of heavy metal ions by carbon nanotubes grown on microsized Al2O3 particles

Carbon nanotubes （CNTs） were grown on the surface of microsized Al2O3 particles in CH4 atmosphere at 700℃ under the catalysis of Fe-Ni nanoparticles. The CNTs on Al2O3 were used for adsorbing Pb^2＋, Cu^2＋, and Cd^2＋ from the solution and the results were compared with active carbon powders, commercial carbon nanotubes, and Al2O3 particles. The as-grown CNTs/Al2O3 have demonstrated extraordinary absorption capacity with further treatment or oxidation, as well as hydrophilic ability that other CNTs lacked. The adsorption capacity of CNTs on Al2O3 is superior to other adsorbents and the preference order of adsorption on composite Al2O3 is pb^2＋〉Cu^2＋〉Cd^2＋. It seemed that the adsorption of those Pb^2＋, Cu^2＋, and Cd^2＋ did not change the surface properties of composite particles. The adsorption behaviors of Pb^2＋, Cu^2＋, and Cd^2＋ by CNTs on Al2O3 match well with the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model and the second order kinetic model. The calculated saturation amount adsorbed by 1 g of CNTs on Al2O3 are 67.11, 26.59, and 8.89 mg/g for Pb^2＋, Cu^2＋, and Cd^2＋ in single adsorption test, respectively.     

痕量Cu(Ⅱ)离子EDI富集过程研究

采用EDI技术富集痕量重金属,以0.1 mg/L的Cu2+溶液为例,研究不同因素对富集过程的影响.结果表明:膜堆在一定条件下存在平衡缓冲区,此区域内具有自我调节能力,确定了最佳操作条件为操作电流190mA、淡水流量60 mL/min、浓水流量15 mL/min、极水流量15 mL/min;膜堆在此条件进行富集操作稳定性好、重现性高、富集效果显著.     

纳米TiO2／SiO2固相萃取剂的制备及对重金属离子吸附性能的研究

以钛酸四丁酯、正硅酸乙酯作为前驱体,溶胶—凝胶法制备了纳米TiO2／SiO2复合物。采用x射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、X射线能谱（EDS）等手段对所制得的TiO2／SiO2复合材料进行表征。以纳米TiO2／SiO2复合材料作为填料制成固相萃取小柱,对重金属离子Cu^2＋、Cr^3＋、Pb^2＋和Hg^2＋进行吸附,硝酸洗脱后,采用ICP—MS进行检测。考察了吸附剂对不同pH值溶液中金属离子的吸附性能。自制SPE小柱与ICP—Ms联用测定Cu^2＋、Cr^3＋、pb^2＋和Hg^2＋的最低检出限分别为0．031,0．010,0．041,0．025μg／L。     

Removal of heavy metals from mine water by cyanobacterial calcification

The influence of different illumination intensities on cyanobacterial calcification induced removal of heavy metals from contaminated mine water was studied. Cyanobacterial calcification experiments were performed using a growth medium intended to simulate contaminated mine water. The results indicate that calcification can promote the removal of heavy metal ions. As the illumination intensity became stronger calcification rates increased and the removal of Zn2+ and Cd2+ became more obvious. When the illumination intensity was 10000 lux the removal of Pb2+ was the largest observed: stronger or weaker illumination reduced the amount of lead removed. The removal of three different heavy metals complies with an index function. For identical illumination intensities different ions were removed to different degrees.     

MICP修复重金属污染溶液及矿化垃圾土试验研究

大量非正规垃圾填埋场面临超负荷运营困境,衍生出系列亟待解决的环境问题。重金属含量较高的垃圾渗滤液易对填埋场周边水体造成污染,填埋场开采扩容产生的矿化垃圾土也存在Cd、Pb、Zn和Cr(Ⅲ)等重金属超标现象,在资源化利用过程中容易造成二次污染,因此,垃圾填埋场重金属污染问题亟待解决。近年来,微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀技术（MICP）固定重金属的能力被广泛探究,其中巴氏芽孢杆菌因环境适应性强、脲酶表达量高而备受关注。但相关研究中的修复对象主要为污染溶液和普通污染土壤,其与垃圾渗滤液以及矿化垃圾土在污染成因和化学成分等方面明显不同。鉴于此,开展巴氏芽孢杆菌修复重金属污染溶液和污染矿化垃圾土试验,探究巴氏芽孢杆菌生物修复重金属的可行性,分析生物修复前后矿化垃圾土中重金属形态变化以及修复机理。结果显示,巴氏芽孢杆菌对溶液中Cd、Pb、Zn和Cr(Ⅲ)修复率可分别达到95%、84%、5%和98%,对矿化垃圾土中可交换态Cd、Pb和Zn修复率亦可分别达到74%、84%和62%,可交换态Cr(Ⅲ)修复处理前含量几乎为0;经生物修复,矿化垃圾土中可交换态和碳酸盐结合态重金属含量降低,铁锰氧化物结合态和残渣态重金属含量增加;同时,矿化垃圾土中含Fe和Al成分以及MICP过程产生的碳酸钙沉淀共同促进重金属向更稳定形态转化。     

Influence factors analysis of removing heavy metals from multiple metal-contaminated soils with different extractants

Some key factors on the heavy metals removal efficiencies were studied when soil washing technology was used in the remediation of soils contaminated by multiple heavy metals. The results show that the dissolubilities of Cu and Zn are promoted by humic acids, but Pb and Cd are inhibited by humic acids; heavy metals in the clay are more difficult to be extracted than silt; the strong acidic soils can cause the protonation of EDTA and weaken its extracting ability; EDTA is effective for extracting Pb and Cd, while oxalate (OX) is effective for extracting Cu and Zn; and biosurfactant can be used as additive to improve the removal of some particular heavy metals. Foundation item: Project(20050532009) supported by the Doctoral Foundation of Ministry of Education of China; Projects(2006BAD03A1704, 2006BAD03A1706) supported by the National 11th-Five Technology Supporting Project