Er2O3单晶薄膜的生长及Er2O3/Si异质结的能带偏移

利用分子束外延方法在p型Si(001)和Si(111)衬底上,在700℃0.93mPa的条件下实现了Er2O3单晶薄膜的生长.薄膜的结晶情况依赖于薄膜的生长温度和氧气压.较低的温度和氧气压下在薄膜内易生成硅化铒,薄膜也趋于多晶化.还利用光电子能谱对Er2O3/Si异质结的能带偏差进行了初步的研究.     

Er2O3单晶薄膜的生长及Er2O3/Si异质结的能带偏移

利用分子束外延方法在p型Si(001)和Si(111)衬底上,在700℃0.93mPa的条件下实现了Er2O3单晶薄膜的生长.薄膜的结晶情况依赖于薄膜的生长温度和氧气压.较低的温度和氧气压下在薄膜内易生成硅化铒,薄膜也趋于多晶化.还利用光电子能谱对Er2O3/Si异质结的能带偏差进行了初步的研究.     

原位XPS分析Al2O3作为势垒层的Er2O3/Si结构

在超高真空条件下,通过脉冲激光沉积(PLD)技术制作了Er2O3/Al2O3/Si多层薄膜结构,原位条件下利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)研究了Al2O3作为势垒层的Er2O3与Si界面的电子结构.XPS结果表明,Al2O3中Al的2p芯能级峰在低、高温退火前后没有变化;Er的4d芯能级峰来自于硅酸铒中的铒,并非全是本征氧化铒薄膜中的铒;衬底硅的芯能级峰在沉积Al2O 3时没有变化,说明Al2O3薄膜从沉积到退火不参与任何反应,与Si界面很稳定;在沉积Er2O3薄膜和退火过程中,有硅化物生成,表明Er2O3与Si的界面不太稳定,但随着Al2O3薄膜厚度的增加,其硅化物中硅的峰强减弱,含量减少,说明势垒层很好地起到了阻挡扩散的作用.     

SiO_2:Er和Si_xO_2:Er薄膜室温Er~(3+)1.54μm波长的电致发光

在 n+ -Si衬底上用磁控溅射淀积掺 Er氧化硅 (Si O2 :Er)薄膜和掺 Er富硅氧化硅 (Six O2 :Er,x>1 )薄膜 ,薄膜经适当温度退火后 ,蒸上电极 ,形成发光二极管 (LED)。室温下在大于 4V反偏电压下发射了来自 Er3+的 1 .5 4μm波长的红外光。测量了由 Si O2 :Er/n+ -Si样品和 Six O2 :Er/n+ -Si样品分别制成的两种 LED,其 Er3+1 .5 4μm波长的电致发光峰强度 ,后者明显比前者强。还发现电致发光强度与 Si O2 :Er/n+ -Si样品和 Six O2 :Er/n+ -Si样品的退火温度有一定依赖关系     

超薄高介电Er2O3栅介质薄膜的漏电机理

采用激光分子束外延设备在不同温度下制备了不同厚度的超薄晶态、非晶态高介电Er2O3栅介质薄膜,用X射线衍射和高分辨透射电镜分析了薄膜结构,用HP4142B半导体参数分析仪测试了Al/Er2O3/Si/Al结构MOS电容器的漏电流。XRD谱和HRTEM图像显示400℃以下制备的Er2O3薄膜呈非晶态,400℃到840℃制备的Er2O3薄膜是(111)方向高度择优取向的。电学测试表明：晶态Er2O3薄膜厚度由5.7 nm 减小到3.8 nm,漏电流密度从6.20×10-5 A/cm2突增到6.56×10-4 A/cm2,增加了一个数量级。而厚度3.8 nm的非晶Er2O3薄膜漏电流密度仅为1.73×10-5 A/cm2。漏电流数据分析显示高场下超薄Er2O3薄膜的漏电流主要来自于Fowler-Nordheim隧穿。低场下超薄晶态Er2O3薄膜较大的漏电流是由晶粒边界产生的杂质缺陷引起。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备掺Er3+:Al2O3/SiO2/Si光波导薄膜

采用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-gel)法在热氧化的SiO2/Si(100)基片上提拉法制备掺EP:A12O3光学薄膜.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(ARM),X射线衍射分析(XRD)研究了掺Er3+:Al2O3光学薄膜的形貌、厚度以及结构等特性.结果表明,在氧化的SiO2/Si(100)基片上获得了厚度为1.2 μm,固溶Er3+的面心立方结构γ-(Al,Er)2O3和单斜结构θ-(A1,Er)2O3的薄膜.薄膜表面光滑、平整,无明显的表面缺陷.掺EP:Al2O3薄膜晶粒分布均匀,平均晶粒直径为50～200 m,表面起伏度为10～20 nm.测量了10 K下掺0.1 mo1%～1.5 mo1%Er3+:Al2O3光学薄膜的光致发光(PL)谱,获得了中心波长为1.533μm的发光曲线.PL强度随Er3+掺杂浓度的增加而下降,相应的半峰宽(FWHM)也从45 nm减小到36 nm.Sol-gel法制备掺Er3+:Al2O3/SiO2/Si光学薄膜满足有源光波导放大器基体材料的性能要求.     

Si基Er2O3薄膜初始生长的原位RHEED和AES研究

采用分子束外延(MBE)法在Si(001)衬底上生长Er2O3高k薄膜材料。X射线衍射结果表明,用这一方法得到的硅基Er2O3薄膜是(440)取向的单晶,电学测试预示在Si和Er2O3薄膜的界面有一层很薄的界面层。为了研究Si/Er2O3异质结的界面,通过原位反射式高能电子衍射(RHEED)和俄歇能谱(AES)的方法对Er2O3薄膜在Si衬底上的初始生长情况进行研究。发现在清洁的Si衬底和有SiO2的Si衬底上生长Er2O3薄膜,原位RHEED图谱和AES都有不同的结果,预示着这两种不同的衬底上生长Er2O3薄膜的初始阶段有不同的化学反应。这一现象可能阐释了界面的演变和控制机理。     

(Si,Er)双注入热氧化SiO_2/Si薄膜的表面结构及1.54μm光发射

利用金属蒸气真空弧 (MEVVA)离子源将 Si和 Er离子双注入到不同厚度热氧化 Si O2 / Si薄膜中获得 Er掺杂硅基发光薄膜 .掺杂到热氧化 Si O2 / Si薄膜表面的 Er原子浓度可达到～ 10 % ,即体浓度～ 10 2 1 cm- 3 .热氧化 Si O2膜越厚 ,溅射后 Si O2 保留量越多 ;再结晶硅颗粒结晶程度提高 ,逐渐纳米化 ;未见有大量的 Er偏析或铒硅化物形成 ,Er大部分以固溶形式存在 .在 77K下获得了较强 1.5 4μm光致发光信号 ,室温下发光强度温度猝灭不明显     

Er离子注入Al2O3光波导薄膜的发光特性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶和离子注入复合工艺在氧化的Sio2/Si(100)基片上制备掺Er3+:Al2O3光学薄膜.900℃烧结,掺Er3+:Al2O3薄膜的相结构是γ-Al,Er)2O3和θ-(Al,Er)2O3的混合物.室温下测量不同注入剂量的掺Er3+:Al2O3光学薄膜的光致发光谱,均获得了中心波长为1.533 pm的发光曲线.900℃烧结制备掺EPr3+:Al23光学薄膜光致发光强度随着注入剂量从0.2×1016 cm-2增加到4×l016cm-2而逐渐增加.而1200℃烧结制备掺Er3+:Al2O3光学薄膜的光致发光强度随着掺杂浓度从0.2×1016 cm-2增加到4×1016grN-2先增加后减小.     

SiOx:Er薄膜材料光致发光特性的研究

采用射频磁控反应溅射技术,以Er2O3和Si为靶材,制备了SiOx:Er薄膜材料,在不同温度和不同时间下进行退火处理,室温下测量了样品的光致发光(PL)谱,观察到Er3+在1 530,1 542和1 555 nm处波长的发光,发现退火能明显增强Er3+的发光.研究了退火温度和时间对SiOx:Er薄膜光致发光的影响,发现Er2O3与Si面积比为1∶1时,1 100℃下20 min退火为样品的最佳退火条件.采用XRD和材料光吸收测试对样品结构和光学性质进行了研究,得到样品中Si晶粒大小为1.6 nm,样品的光学带隙为1.56 eV.对3种不同Er2O3与Si面积比的SiOx:Er薄膜材料进行研究,得到Er2O3与Si面积比为1∶3为样品的最佳配比,对薄膜材料发光现象进行了探讨.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.