二元复合低界面张力泡沫驱油体系研究

通过评价不同起泡剂在无油和含油30%条件下的泡沫高度、半衰期和泡沫综合指数,筛选出了起泡和稳泡性能良好的起泡剂FC-2和TC-12。加入能够降低界面张力的表面活性剂BS和稳泡剂HPAM,优化得到了二元复合低界面张力泡沫体系:0.12%FC-2+0.08%TC-12+0.1%BS+1 500 mg/L HPAM。该泡沫体系具有很好的配伍性和耐油性;当含油30%、气液比3∶1时,具有良好的起泡和稳泡性能;油水界面张力达到38.3×10-3m N/m;双管并联岩心实验结果显示,水驱后,泡沫注入量越大(0.1⁰.4PV),高渗岩心对应低渗岩心的采收率越高;渗透率级差越大,对应的低渗岩心的采收率则越低。说明该泡沫体系具有一定的封堵和调剖作用,能够调整流量分配,提高波及体积,从而改善驱油效果。     

鲁克沁超深层特稠油空气泡沫驱起泡体系实验研究

针对鲁克沁稠油油藏埋藏深度大、油层温度及原油粘度高、非均质性严重等特征,筛选出了适合于鲁克沁稠油空气泡沫驱的起泡剂体系。通过配伍性和气泡体系评选实验,确定了最佳起泡体系为0.6%质量分数的起泡剂ZFC+1 500 mg/L的稳泡剂ZSX。泡沫稳定性实验结果表明,该起泡体系具有较好的抗温、耐盐、抗油及抗老化性能;泡沫体系动态封堵实验表明,气液比为1∶1时,该起泡体系泡沫的阻力因子达108.4,随渗透率的增大,泡沫阻力因子增加;泡沫驱油试验表明,该泡沫体系可以显著提高低渗层动用程度,低渗管采出程度增加了16.37%。     

鲁克沁超深层特稠油空气泡沫驱起泡体系实验研究

针对鲁克沁稠油油藏埋藏深度大、油层温度及原油粘度高、非均质性严重等特征,筛选出了适合于鲁克沁稠油空气泡沫驱的起泡剂体系。通过配伍性和气泡体系评选实验,确定了最佳起泡体系为0.6%质量分数的起泡剂ZFC+1 500 mg/L的稳泡剂ZSX。泡沫稳定性实验结果表明,该起泡体系具有较好的抗温、耐盐、抗油及抗老化性能;泡沫体系动态封堵实验表明,气液比为1∶1时,该起泡体系泡沫的阻力因子达108.4,随渗透率的增大,泡沫阻力因子增加;泡沫驱油试验表明,该泡沫体系可以显著提高低渗层动用程度,低渗管采出程度增加了16.37%。     

二元复合低界面张力泡沫驱油体系研究

通过评价不同起泡剂在无油和含油30%条件下的泡沫高度、半衰期和泡沫综合指数,筛选出了起泡和稳泡性能良好的起泡剂FC-2和TC-12。加入能够降低界面张力的表面活性剂BS和稳泡剂HPAM,优化得到了二元复合低界面张力泡沫体系:0.12%FC-2+0.08%TC-12+0.1%BS+1 500 mg/L HPAM。该泡沫体系具有很好的配伍性和耐油性;当含油30%、气液比3∶1时,具有良好的起泡和稳泡性能;油水界面张力达到38.3×10-3m N/m;双管并联岩心实验结果显示,水驱后,泡沫注入量越大(0.1~0.4PV),高渗岩心对应低渗岩心的采收率越高;渗透率级差越大,对应的低渗岩心的采收率则越低。说明该泡沫体系具有一定的封堵和调剖作用,能够调整流量分配,提高波及体积,从而改善驱油效果。     

耐盐泡沫驱油体系研制与性能评价

在提高采收率技术中，泡沫驱因其堵大不堵小、堵水不堵油的特性，兼具气驱、表面活性剂驱的特点，成为了一种极具发展潜力的技术手段，但泡沫驱目前仍面临着泡沫耐盐性与耐温性不足、稳泡剂价格较贵等问题。过复配起泡剂与无机颗粒类稳泡剂，配制出耐盐271 301.78 mg·L^-1、耐温90℃的泡沫体系，通过起泡实验考察高盐环境、矿化度、温度与稳泡剂浓度对体系泡沫性能的影响。通过驱替实验研究体系泡沫调剖以及驱油性能。实验结果表明：室内配制体系为0.5%(质量分数)TGG+1.0%(质量分数)稳泡剂LAO-30+1.5%(质量分数)钠基膨润土，该体系在矿化度271 301.78 mg·L^-1、温度90℃的环境下，泡沫的析液半衰期均超过1 200 s。泡沫体系随着矿化度的升高、温度的降低、稳泡剂浓度的升高，起泡能力逐渐减弱，泡沫稳定性逐渐增强。驱替实验表明：泡沫体系在适宜渗透率的岩心中具有良好的调剖和驱油性能。     

抗高温、高矿化度、高凝析油起泡剂的实验评价

合成了一种特殊结构的表面活性剂作为主表面活性剂,与一定比例的泡沫增效剂和稳泡剂复配成了一种起泡剂.对该起泡剂在高含凝析油、高温的高矿化度水中进行了起泡力、携液量、与缓蚀剂的配伍性和抗高温分解性能的实验评价.     

泡沫酸配方研究及性能评价

评价了3种起泡剂在不同酸液基液中的起泡性能,并测试了稳泡剂、温度、矿化度对起泡剂的起泡性能和泡沫稳定性的影响,优选出合适的起泡剂与稳泡剂,并确定了泡沫酸配方。通过泡沫酸体系与碳酸岩岩屑的反应得到如下结论:泡沫酸比常规酸具有更好的缓蚀作用,能够起到深部解堵作用,提高地层孔隙的渗透性。对单一含水岩心的封堵试验结果表明:在注入泡沫酸后,入口压力上升,说明泡沫进入岩心孔隙后,起到了暂堵作用,体现了泡沫酸具有较好的暂堵效果,对非均质地层较为适用。     

高温泡沫防气窜体系实验研究

通过室内实验,研究了高温泡沫防窜体系的起泡和稳泡性能,考察了高温泡沫体系的耐温性能、耐盐性能、耐酸性能以及高温泡沫体系的防窜性能。实验结果表明,高温下,时间越长,起泡剂降解越多;NaCl对泡沫性能的影响较小,二价阳离子在小于1000 mg/L时,稳定性才会明显下降;当原油含量小于15%,泡沫的性能较稳定。封堵性实验结果表明,泡沫防窜体系对高渗透储层的封堵能力较好,而对低渗透储层封堵能力较弱,表现出良好的选择性封堵能力。     

微泡钻井液技术研究

本文针对低压易漏地层,通过考察起泡剂和稳泡剂的起泡效果,优选出了微泡钻井液配方。该体系使用起泡剂CT 5-2和稳泡剂GHPG,它们的发泡能力强,泡沫细小,分布均匀,稳定性好。体系抗盐抗钙耐高温,具有良好的流变性、滤失性及抗污染能力,抗盐大于6000m g/L,抗钙大于3000m g/L,抗温大于100℃,抗煤油污染30%以上,对于低压易漏地层具有特殊的优势,并能提高钻井速度。     

泡沫封堵体系发泡剂的筛选与评价

泡沫流体对高渗层有封堵作用,对低渗层有增大波及体积、提高波及系数的效果。根据不同类型表面活性剂的特性,以十二烷基苯磺酸钠作为参考,通过室内实验对不同类型起泡剂的起泡能力、抗温抗盐性能及稳定性进行了研究。研究结果表明,起泡剂BH-1、SS-2,在不同温度下的泡沫稳定性较好且药剂自身稳定性强,有利于达到泡沫稳定性好、延长封堵时间的效果,有利于生产的进行。与现场地层水配伍性实验表明,起泡剂BH-1在不同温度下,与地层水配伍性良好,起泡能力和稳泡能力明显优于其他起泡剂。     

The development of heat-resistant and salt-tolerant foam with betaine surfactants

A modified instrument was designed to evaluate foam properties under high temperature and pressure. The type and molar ratio of betaine surfactants were screened to develop the heat-resistant and salt-tolerant foam for Tahe oilfield (130°C, 220 g/L), and the effects of temperature and pressure on foam properties were also investigated. The synergism between surfactants and the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) mechanism of foam flooding in fractured-vuggy reservoirs were studied. Experimental results showed the developed foam had excellent foaming ability and foam stability when the lauramidopropyl hydroxyl sulfobetaine (LHSB): erucic amide propyl betaine (EAB) molar ratio ranged from 1:1 to 1:2 (initial foam volume was 392 ml when the molar ratio was 1:1, drainage half-time was 5.75 min and foam half-time was 72 min when the molar ratio was 1:2 at 130°C and 2 MPa). The synergistic effect was found to reach its maximum when the LHSB:EAB molar ratio ranged from 1:1 to 1:2 according to interaction parameters, which agreed with the results of foam properties. Foam stability was found to considerably increase with increasing pressure, but decrease with increasing temperature. However, temperature and pressure were found to have consistent effects on foaming ability, that is, the foaming ability increased with increasing temperature and pressure. The flooding test showed foam flooding exhibited better sweep efficiency and higher recovery ratio in the fractured-vuggy model than gas flooding and water flooding. This could be because injected foam did not channel through the top (or bottom) path due to its high viscosity and moderate density.     

就地CO2泡沫体系的静动态吸附特征研究

研究了体系中起泡剂和稳泡剂的吸附量并通过岩心流动实验,测定了起泡剂和稳泡剂在含油、不含油条件下的滞留量。研究结果表明,稳泡剂的吸附等温线呈“L”型,油砂上的饱和吸附量小于石英砂上的饱和吸附量;起泡剂的吸附等温线呈典型的“S”型,油砂表面上的吸附量总是小于在石英砂表面上的吸附量;稳泡剂和起泡剂的动态吸附量都小于在岩心砂上的静态吸附量,化学剂在含油岩心中的滞留量小于不含油岩心中的滞留量。     

泡沫复合驱配方ZS-23的研究

泡沫驱作为一项重要的三次采油技术,在降低气油比、增加原油产量、提高波及效率等诸多方面具有很大的发展潜力。对ZS系列泡沫复合驱配方进行了探索性研究,使用Waring Blender法对泡沫复合驱配方的发泡能力和稳定性进行了检测,通过实验筛选出发泡性能好、稳定性强的泡沫复合驱配方。在矿化度NaCl>5 000 mg/L、CaCl2>3 000 mg/L条件下,表现最为优异的配方为ZS-23,在常温(20℃)时,发泡体积达到880 mL,析液半衰期5.3 h以上,加盐后发泡体积达到820 mL,析液半衰期3.5 h以上,均远远好于一般常见的发泡剂。     

Stabilization of natural gas foams using different surfactants at high pressure and high temperature conditions

Natural gas foam can be used for mobility control and channel blocking during natural gas injection for enhanced oil recovery, in which stable foams need to be used at high reservoir temperature, high pressure and high water salinity conditions in field applications. In this study, the performance of methane (CH₄) foams stabilized by different types of surfactants was tested using a high pressure and high temperature foam meter for surfactant screening and selection, including anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate), non-anionic surfactant (alkyl polyglycoside), zwitterionic surfactant (dodecyl dimethyl betaine) and cationic surfactant (dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride), and the results show that CH₄-SDS foam has much better performance than that of the other three surfactants. The influences of gas types (CH₄, N₂, and CO₂), surfactant concentration, temperature (up to 110°C), pressure (up to 12.0 MPa), and the presence of polymers as foam stabilizer on foam performance was also evaluated using SDS surfactant. The experimental results show that the stability of CH₄ foam is better than that of CO₂ foam, while N₂ foam is the most stable, and CO₂ foam has the largest foam volume, which can be attributed to the strong interactions between CO₂ molecules with H₂O. The foaming ability and foam stability increase with the increase of the SDS concentration up to 1.0 wt% (0.035 mol/L), but a further increase of the surfactant concentration has a negative effect. The high temperature can greatly reduce the stability of CH₄-SDS foam, while the foaming ability and foam stability can be significantly enhanced at high pressure. The addition of a small amount of polyacrylamide as a foam stabilizer can significantly increase the viscosity of the bulk solution and improve the foam stability, and the higher the molecular weight of the polymer, the higher viscosity of the foam liquid film, the better foam performance.     

泡沫混凝土发泡剂的稳定性研究

以松香型发泡剂为基体,系统地考察了十二烷基硫酸钠、低碳链脂肪醇和粘性物质（羧甲基纤维素钠）的添加对发泡液的发泡倍数和泡沫稳定性的影响。实验结果表明,在松香型发泡剂中分别掺加三种低碳链脂肪醇均能有效地提高泡沫的稳定性,其中正丁醇的效果最好,1h泌水率由原来的37%下降到22.4%,而十二烷基硫酸钠的效果最差,不利于稳定性的改进。对于这三种低碳链脂肪醇,相同掺量的情况下,泡沫稳定性随着脂肪醇碳链长度的增加而提高。与粘性物质羧甲基纤维素钠进行复配时,在6%发泡剂稀释液中掺加0.16%正丁醇和0.01%羧甲基纤维素钠,发泡和稳泡效果最好,发泡倍数达到27.33,1h泌水率仅为16.23%。     

杨木粉制备泡沫的工艺研究

以杨木粉为原料,通过液化制成液化树脂,再对液化树脂采用中低温发泡法制备发泡材料,系统地考虑了液化树脂黏度和固体质量分数、发泡温度以及表面活性剂、固化剂、发泡剂用量和种类等因素对制备工艺的影响。结果表明：适宜的发泡条件为杨木粉液化树脂黏度为6 000 mPa·s、固体质量分数为75%,发泡温度75 ℃,以吐温-80与OP-10（质量比1∶1）复配作为表面活性剂,以正戊烷为发泡剂,1,4-丁内酯为固化剂,用量都在8%~12%,该条件下发泡过程稳定,制得的泡沫泡孔细腻,均匀,闭孔率高,表观质量好,泡沫的表观密度小（0.12~0.16 g/cm³）并且发泡倍率高（5~8倍）。     

工艺参数对铁尾矿制备泡沫玻璃性能的影响

以铁尾矿为主要原料、CaCO3和Na2CO3为发泡剂、Na3PO4×12H2O和硼砂(Na2B4O7×10H2O)为稳定剂,制备了性能良好的泡沫玻璃材料,并研究了工艺参数对制品性能的影响. 结果表明,CaCO3为主要发泡剂,Na2CO3含量对制品性能影响不大;Na3PO4×12H2O为主要稳定剂,Na2B4O7×10H2O含量不宜过多;发泡温度升高使制品孔径变大、容重和抗压强度降低;而烧结温度升高使制品的容重和抗压强度均先减小后增大. 制备泡沫玻璃适宜的工艺参数为(%, w)：基础玻璃84, CaCO3 3, Na2CO3 2, Na3PO4×12H2O 8, Na2B4O7×10H2O 3, 发泡温度900~950℃,烧结温度1100℃. 由此制得的泡沫玻璃材料容重约为2.05 g/cm3,抗压强度达62 MPa左右.     

泡沫塑料熔体粘度的研究

在塑料熔体的发泡成型过程中,熔体的粘度是基本的流变性能之一,粘度影响到气泡的成核和长大,是制定发泡成型工艺和原料配方即设计发泡机头的重要依据,带有发泡剂的塑料熔体的粘度是温度、剪切速率和熔所含发泡剂种类、浓度及分布状态等的函数,对含有化学发泡 以ＣＯ２为发泡剂的泡沫塑料熔体粘度分别进行了探讨,介绍了相应的计算公式,分析了其影响因素 。     

起泡剂的起泡性能及使用浓度优选研究

起泡剂的起始发泡体积和泡沫稳定性是决定起泡剂起泡性能的两个重要因素,也是实际应用当中筛选起泡剂的重要指标.采用Ross-Miles法对13种不同类型起泡剂在常温下的起泡性能进行了评价.结果表明：不同类型起泡剂的起始发泡体积和泡沫稳定性具有显著的不同.不同起泡剂的起始发泡体积随浓度的增加而增大.当起泡剂浓度增加到0.5％时,起始发泡体积趋于稳定,由此确定起泡剂的最佳使用浓度为0.5％.