北马兜铃蜜炙前后挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

以环己烷为溶剂,用水蒸气蒸馏法分别来提取生北马兜铃和蜜炙北马兜铃的挥发油,用气-质联用(GC-MS)技术对挥发油的成分进行鉴定,同时以总离子流图为依据,用归一化法计算各成分的相对含量。从生北马兜铃的挥发油中鉴定出57个化合物,主要成分为:4-蔻烯(9.74%),β-石竹烯(9.65%);蜜炙北马兜铃的挥发油中鉴定出28个化合物,主要成分为:邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(18.4%)。北马兜铃蜜炙前后的挥发油中共有成分7个,生成新化合物21个。     

一种促进菜青虫幼虫快速变态的植物源配方及药液制备

[目的]研究白头翁根、北马兜铃和水蓼茎叶水馏液对菜青虫快速变态的影响。[方法]通过均匀设计法筛选、优化确定白头翁根、北马兜铃和水蓼茎叶水馏液对菜青虫3龄幼虫快速变态的影响差异和质量浓度范围,并在此基础上提供了3种药液混合液的最佳配比和制备方法。[结果]当白头翁根水馏液质量浓度为50.0-60.0 g/L、北马兜铃茎叶水馏液质量浓度为6.0-10.0 g/L和水蓼茎叶水馏液质量浓度为70.0-80.0 g/L时,菜青虫的变态率最高,平均变态率达99.9%。在以上质量浓度范围内,将白头翁根、北马兜铃茎叶和水蓼茎叶水馏液以2∶2∶1进行配比制备成的混合药液,可直接应用于菜青虫的田间防治。[结论]白头翁根、北马兜铃和水蓼茎叶水馏液对3龄菜青虫的变态均具有显著性。由72 h的回归分析结果可知,随着白头翁根和水蓼茎叶水馏液质量浓度的升高,北马兜铃茎叶水馏液质量浓度的降低,变态速度加快,变态率升高。     

正交试验法优选人参天麻颗粒的水提工艺

目的:优选人参天麻颗粒的最佳水提工艺。方法:建立高效液相色谱紫外检测器测定人参天麻颗粒中天麻素含量的测定方法;以天麻素提取率结合干膏得率为考察指标,分别选择加水量(A)、煎煮时间(B)、煎煮次数(C)为考察因素,以L_9(3~4)进行正交试验,用双指标综合评分法,依据实验结果优选最佳水提取工艺。结果:本次实验建立了人参天麻颗粒中天麻素含量的测定方法;以天麻素提取率为评价指标,最佳条件及影响因素C3 B3 A3;以干膏得率为评价指标,最佳条件及影响因素C3 B2 A3。加权评分优化,又考虑生产实际,最终确定最佳水提条件为A_2B_2C_2,即加8倍量的水,提取二次,每次提取2 h。结论:天麻素含量测定方法灵敏可靠,重现性好,优选的水提取工艺稳定可行,能用于人参天麻颗粒的规模化生产。     

六味降糖颗粒提取和制剂工艺研究

对六味降糖颗粒的提取工艺和制剂工艺进行研究,以干膏重、总黄酮含量为指标,对处方活性成分提取工艺进行影响因素和指标成分分析,采用正交实验考察加水量、煎煮次数、煎煮时间和醇沉浓度等影响因素,采用湿法制粒法研究不同辅料的制剂工艺。最佳制剂工艺是加入10倍量的水,煎煮3次,煎煮1 h,醇沉工艺中乙醇浓度50%,时间12 h,药液比1:2;最佳辅料为β-环糊精。本制剂工艺可行性较强,科学合理,颗粒成药性良好。     

正交实验优化脾运康口服液总多糖提取工艺

用水煎煮法提取白术、牡蛎、蝉蜕、料姜石的总多糖,苯酚-硫酸法测定总多糖含量,考察加水量、煎煮时间和醇沉浓度对多糖含量的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺为8倍量水,煎煮2次,每次60 min,醇沉浓度50%。在此条件下,提取液总多糖含量为12.88 mg/m L。     

正交实验优化脾运康口服液总多糖提取工艺

用水煎煮法提取白术、牡蛎、蝉蜕、料姜石的总多糖,苯酚-硫酸法测定总多糖含量,考察加水量、煎煮时间和醇沉浓度对多糖含量的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺为8倍量水,煎煮2次,每次60 min,醇沉浓度50%。在此条件下,提取液总多糖含量为12.88 mg/m L。     

苍术配方颗粒制备工艺和质量标准研究

建立苍术配方颗粒制备工艺,并对苍术配方颗粒质量标准进行考察。以煎煮次数、提取时间以及加水量作为苍术配方颗粒提取影响因素设计正交试验,以最终得膏率和总萜醇产出率作为评价指标。通过对粒度、水分含量、干燥失重、溶化性、流动相、重复性、加样回收试验等指标进行观察建立质量标准。结果表明：在加入10倍量的水、煎煮两次、每次提取1.5h作为苍术配方颗粒提取工艺的标准,制备所得的配方颗粒具有良好的稳定性和可重复性。这说明10倍加水量、煎煮两次、每次提取1.5h的苍术配方颗粒制备工艺合理,质控方法简便,具有良好的重复性。     

芊玖舒胶囊提取工艺研究

优化芊玖舒胶囊的提取工艺。以总黄酮、葛根素的含量为评价指标,用水作提取溶剂,采用L9(34)正交设计试验,考察加水量、提取时间、提取次数三个因素。结果:考虑药材吸水率、大生产的实际要求,最终确定较优提取工艺为加8倍量水浸泡1 h后,煎煮1 h,滤过,药渣再加6倍量水,煎煮1 h。该提取工艺稳定、合理可行,适合工业化生产。     

基于AHP-熵权法优化复方党参提取工艺

目的：优化复方党参的水煎提取工艺。方法：以加水量、浸泡时间、煎煮时间、煎煮次数为考察因素,以毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、甘草苷、阿魏酸、党参炔苷的层次分析法（AHP）-熵权法综合评分为考察指标,结合响应面法优化复方党参的水煎提取工艺。结果：实验得到复方党参的最佳提取工艺为加水12倍,浸泡90min,煎煮40min,煎煮2次。结论：本研究优化了复方党参的水煎提取工艺,为后续药效和作用机制研究提供基础。     

正交实验优化玉液汤煎膏剂中葛根素和总皂苷提取工艺及制备工艺的研究

优化了玉液汤煎膏剂的制备工艺.以玉液汤的出膏率、总皂苷含量、葛根素含量和醇浸出物作为评价指标,以加水量、浸泡时间、提取次数和提取时间为考察因素,选取单因素试验和正交设计优化处方药材提取工艺;以出膏率、醇浸出物及总皂苷含量作为评价指标,优选出最佳浓缩工艺.经实验得出玉液汤煎膏剂的最佳制备工艺是原方药材回流煎煮两次,分别为...     

Superplasticized portland cement: production and compressive strength of mortars and concrete

This paper deals with the effect of intergrinding different percentages of a naphthalene-based superplasticizer with Portland cement clinker and gypsum on the fineness of the product, and on the water requirement and the compressive strength of the mortars made with the superplasticized cement. The properties of the fresh and hardened concrete made with the superplasticized cements were also investigated. The results showed that the intergrinding of a given amount of a naphthalene-based superplasticizer with Portland clinker and gypsum reduced the grinding time required for obtaining the same Blaine fineness as that of the control Portland cement without the superplasticizer. The water requirement of the mortars made with the superplasticized cements was similar to that of the mortars made with the control Portland cements when the same amount of the superplasticizer was added at the mortar mixer; for a given grinding time and a Blaine fineness of 4500 cm²/g, the mortars made with the superplasticized cement had higher compressive strength than those made with the control Portland cement. For a given grinding time or Blaine fineness of cement ≥5000 cm²/g, the slump loss, air content stability, bleeding, autogenous temperature rise, setting times, and compressive strength of the concrete made with the superplasticized cements were generally comparable to those of the concrete made with the control Portland cements when the superplasticizer was added at the concrete mixer.     

Modeling of expansive cements

A model is presented to explain the mechanism and kinetics of expansion process in expansive cements. It is shown that expansion time is inversely proportional to the fineness of the expansive component and directly proportional to the amount of sulfate used.     

Pelletization kinetics of an earthy iron ore and the physical properties of the pellets produced

The iron ore sample used in this investigation was brought from the El-Gedida iron ore deposit, Baharia Oasis, Egypt. This ore is porous, earthy, hard, and has a relatively high specific surface area.The batch balling kinetics of this ore show that the ball growth rate increased by increasing the moisture content. The water content required for pelletizing this ore ranged between 16 and 19% of the dry weight of the charge. As expected, increase in bentonite content retarded the ball growth. Finer feed produced by more dry grinding increased the ball growth rate.The average drop number of pellets was improved by increasing the moisture content to a certain limit, after which the quality of the pellets decreased. The drop number also went up as the amount of bentonite was increased. Increasing the degree of fineness of ore improved the level of drop number.The crushing strength of dried pellets improved with increasing water content to a certain limit, then the trend reversed. Bentonite addition slightly improved the crushing strength of pellets. Increasing the degree of fineness of the ore decreased the crushing strength of dry pellets.The bulk density of pellets increased with higher moisture content to a certain limit and then the trend reversed. Small amounts of bentonite addition decreased the bulk density, but when bentonite exceeded 0.5% the bulk density slightly increased with increasing amount of bentonite. Denser pellets were produced when finer feed was used.     

过磷酸钙制备工艺的对比与开发

开发了一种新型过磷酸钙制备工艺——浓酸矿粉法.介绍了混合时间、磷矿细度、硫酸用量、硫酸质量分数等因素对磷转化率与游离酸质量分数的影响,并与稀酸矿粉法进行对比,结果表明：该新型工艺减少甚至消除了反应体系中水分的引入,节约了部分备料费用,经济性好.     

压延烘干法制备用于定量分析的叠氮硝胺吸收药

为缩短叠氮硝胺吸收药组分定量分析时间,采用压延烘干法制备了样品,并与过筛烘干法制备的样品进行了比较。用液相色谱法、卡尔·费休法分别检测了两种样品的组分含量和水分含量。结果表明,压延烘干法制备样品共需要1.2h,明显少于过筛烘干法的4.5h。压延烘干法制得的样品均匀性更好,使得取样量可以由过筛烘干法的2g减少到0.2g,配制试样溶液时所需的溶剂体积减少了90%。压延烘干后的样品含水质量分数为0.06%~0.12%,低于过筛烘干法制备的样品。表明用压延烘干法制备样品,可以减少样品组分定量分析的总时间,并且可以减少废溶剂量。     

磨细矿渣对高性能混凝土性能的影响1掺加磨细矿渣的砂浆试验

研究了矿渣的细度、掺量对水泥砂浆的强度和流动性的影响。结果表明：矿渣细度较小时,抗压强度随着掺量的增加而下降。当细度变大,强度随着掺量增加而下降的趋势变缓。细度超过一定值后,强度随着掺量的增加呈现上升趋势。同时,细度、掺量对早期（３ ｄ、７ ｄ）强度和后期（２８ ｄ）强度的影响也有差别。细度低于 ８００ ｍ ２ ／ｋｇ 的矿渣对砂浆的流动性影响不大,但细度高于 ８００ ｍ ２ ／ｋｇ的超细矿渣能够显著降低用水量。试验结果为研究矿渣在高性能混凝土中的应用提供了依据。     

An investigation of water crosslinking reactions of silane‐grafted LDPE

Factors—including time, temperature, morphology, and thickness of sample, the extent of silane grafting, and water concentration—that affect the rate and degree of water crosslinking reactions of the silane‐grafted LDPE are investigated. The gel content of the water‐crosslinked sample increases with increasing time, temperature, and water concentration, but with decreasing content of the crystalline component in the sample and thickness of the sample. The relationship between the gel content and the crosslinking time is dependent on thickness and morphology of the sample, and the extent of silane grafting in the sample. The crosslinking rates and the resultant gel content are inversely proportional to the content of crystalline component of the sample, suggesting that the crosslinking reactions occur mainly in the amorphous domain of the sample. For those samples with high resultant gel contents, the crystallizations of the samples are significantly enhanced by crosslinking when the gel contents are higher than about 40%, leading to a dual relationship between the gel contents of the samples and the crosslinking times. For low temperatures, the rate‐determining step of the crosslinking reactions is the diffusion of water, rather than the hydrolysis and the subsequent condensation reactions of the silyl trimethoxy groups. For high temperatures and high extents of silane grafting in the samples, however, the chemical reactions dominate the crosslinking process. The overall activation energy of the crosslinking reactions is dependent on thickness of the sample. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 186–196, 2001     

石灰石掺量、熟料C3S含量和细度对水泥性能的影响

用交叉实验法，对石灰石掺量，熟料C3S含量和水泥细度对水泥性能的影响进行了研究。结果表明，相同细度的样品，掺加5%石灰石后，对水泥性能将产生明显的影响。主要影响有：水泥比表面积增加，标准稠度需水量下降，且与C3S含量低的熟料结合，水泥的凝结时间缩短明显，早期抗压强度增加、28天抗压强度有所下降。     

氢氟酸重量法测定硅质耐火材料中二氧化硅含量的改进

提出了用水润湿试样,延长氢氟酸低温浸泡试样的时间,低温加热一次氢氟酸挥散硅重量法测定硅质耐火材料中二氧化硅含量的方法。与现有的方法相比,改进后的方法氢氟酸用量减少了40%,硝酸用量减少了70%,试验时间缩短,能耗大幅减少。方法更安全可靠,更节能环保。用标准物质对方法进行了考察,表明测定结果准确。     

用正交试验提高过磷酸钙转化率的探讨

过磷酸钙生产有干法与湿法两种,介绍了影响过磷酸钙生产的诸因素：硫酸用量、磷矿浆含水量、磷矿浆细度、磷矿粉含水量、磷矿粉细度及其他因素。通过正交试验,得出在过磷酸钙湿法生产中,当磷矿品质基本稳定的情况下,矿浆细度、矿浆含水量和硫酸用量是影响磷矿转化率的主要因素。