基于自优化的SDN交换机动态迁移机制

为提高SDN控制器的使用效率以及多控制器之间的负载均衡度,对多控制器的部署问题进行了研究,并提出了一种交换机动态迁移机制.该动态迁移机制基于周期性运行的自优化的算法实现,按照控制器的部署情况,将网络划分成多个域,通过分析各域内相关参数,分别找出负载最高和最低的控制器节点,并根据控制器负载和交换机请求率快速选择出最佳的迁移交换机和迁移目的地.控制器的负载均衡度、交换机请求的处理时延和算法的复杂度是算法设计中所考虑的主要因素.该算法的优点在于通过局部的动态调整实现了对SDN控制层的灵活管理.仿真结果表明,基于自优化的交换机动态迁移方案能够有效提高多控制器间的负载均衡度,减小流请求的处理时延,同时将运算复杂度保持在一个相对合理的水平.     

数据中心网络中一种半集中式SDN路由策略

在SDN体系架构中把网络控制功能从网络设备（交换机/路由器）里分离出来,集中到中心节点控制器上,交换机只负责数据平面的功能（通过流表进行数据转发）。在大规模的数据中心网络中,路由/流表的计算和分发完全由中心控制器完成,控制器成为网络的性能瓶颈和脆弱点。为了解决上述问题,本文提出半集中式SDN路由技术,其主要思想是每个交换机节点不需要控制器的参与,可以自主构建一个基础流表,基于基础流表,交换机可以完成基本的数据转发工作。而控制器负责更高级的路由选路（故障处理）工作,从而大大减轻控制器的负担。针对控制器的高级路由选路工作,本文通过对现有SDN网络中的故障恢复机制的特性以及限制的分析,在基础流表的基础上设计一套局部迂回故障检测恢复机制。基于该机制,控制器能够及时检测到网络故障,并在极短的时间内进行故障恢复,实现控制器的高级路由选路工作。     

基于分类和时序的SDN流表更新一致性方案

软件定义网络（Software Defined Networking, SDN）实现了网络的集中控制和网络资源的灵活调度,已成为下一代网络的热点。确保SDN网络流表更新的一致性,对保障网络配置更新过程的正确性,和SDN网络的有效、安全运行,具有重要的意义。本文针对SDN网络配置更新所引起的数据包处理不一致问题,提出一种基于分类和时序的SDN流表更新一致性方案。通过设计交换机分类方案及优化更新顺序,实现了SDN流表更新的一致性和新、旧路径的数据并行传输,在保证方案良好通用性和隔离性的基础上,有效控制了更新时间和交换机存储空间的占用率,并降低了控制器的上传负载。     

基于节点可靠度的虚拟SDN网络映射算法

为应对网络故障,提升网络的可靠性,该文针对SDN网络环境设计了节点的可靠度指标,提出了基于节点可靠度的虚拟SDN映射算法。在初始可靠映射阶段,该算法根据节点可靠度指标进行vSDN映射,部署控制器时兼顾了控制器与交换机的时延,同时考虑控制网络的重要性,为控制网络构建相应的备份资源;在故障恢复阶段,针对物理SDN网络单节点或单链路故障,算法使用迁移方法应对控制节点失效的情况,使用重映射方法应对其他故障。仿真结果表明,算法在请求接受率、故障恢复率、有效承载率和平均控制时延等指标上取得了较好的结果。     

SDN/IP网络动态路由系统设计

传统IP网络到SDN的网络升级会经历一段两种网络共存的过渡期。本文为SDN/IP网络设计了一种普适和灵活的动态路由系统,系统为混合网络提供动态路由功能,解决不同网络设备间无法协作执行动态路由的问题。动态路由系统部署于SDN控制器中,由动态路由引擎、路由应用和网络管理应用等组成。系统中,网络管理应用根据外部信息配置网络,动态路由引擎为SDN交换机计算路由表,路由应用将路由表转化为流表下发至SDN交换机,SDN交换机按照流表转发数据包。经过实验验证,本系统能够实现传统路由器与SDN交换机之间的路由消息互通,两种网络设备能够根据各自计算出的路由信息转发数据包。本系统对IP网络与SDN的混合组网具有重要意义。     

SDN交换机转发规则TCAM存储优化综述

软件定义网络(SDN)将传统网络的控制平面和数据平面解耦,通过控制平面的控制器灵活地对网络进行管理,目前应用最广泛的控制协议是OpenFlow.三态内容寻址存储器(TCAM)查找速度快、支持三态掩码存储,在SDN网络中应用广泛.但TCAM成本高、功耗大,并且在存储含有范围字段匹配域的规则时候存在范围膨胀问题,因此交换机...     

面向智慧医疗云的SDN动态负载均衡方法

文中 引入软件定义网络(Software Defined Network,SDN)对智慧医疗云进行网络管理,并且针对传统SDN控制器存在单点失效和负载均衡的问题,设计了智慧医疗分布式SDN控制器系统。SDN控制系统分为SDN控制器集群、数据转发平面和智慧医疗云服务系统3层。在此基础上,提出一种实时负载动态自调节的快速负载均衡算法DAF(Dynamic Adaptive and Fast Load Balancing)。在该算法中,负载信息感知组件周期性地采集自己的负载信息,自动地进行控制器间的负载信息交互;控制器的负载值超过阈值时,会触发交换机迁移动作,以动态配置交换机与控制器之间的映射关系。实验结果表明,面向智慧医疗云的分布式SDN控制系统的性能良好,且DAF算法能够快速地实现SDN控制器间的负载均衡,提升了智慧医疗云的网络吞吐量。     

SDN控制域确定与划分机制

通过将广域网划分成若干规模较小、节点数量均衡的软件定义网络(SDN)控制域,可以提高控制器的服务能力。然而,根据SDN网络拓扑进行控制域的最优数量确定与划分仍然面临许多挑战。提出了一种SDN控制域确定与划分机制,以控制器负载均衡为目标,基于谱聚类算法解决控制域确定与划分问题。首先,基于本征间隙谱聚类算法设计了SDN控制域确定机制,用于确定控制域的最优数量;然后,设计了基于归一化Laplacian矩阵特征向量的SDN控制域划分机制,使得各控制域所拥有的交换机节点数量相对均衡;最后,仿真结果表明,提出的SDN控制域确定与划分机制能够确定最优的控制域数量,并且通过SDN控制域划分可实现各控制域交换机节点数量的相对均衡。     

基于云计算的物联网数据挖掘

物联网是一个巨大的、分布广泛的物与物相连的网络,其上产生的海量数据通常是与时间和空间相关的,具有动态、异构、分布的特性,因此对这些数据的挖掘非常困难,而且耗费时间和内存,效率低下。为了解决这些问题,提出了一种基于云计算的物联网数据挖掘系统:将这些海量数据转化为PML数据文件,并存储在HDFS中,同时把挖掘任务分配到多台节点服务器上并行处理。采用Hadoop平台,将关联规则Apriori算法Map/Reduce化,提高了挖掘的效率。另外,采用副本策略将计算向存储迁移,将失效节点的计算迁移到副本数据存储节点就地执行,降低了数据传输的时间,大为提高了挖掘的效率。     

OpenFlow网络中控制器负载均衡策略研究

控制器是软件定义网络(SDN)的核心,控制平面的可用性、可扩展性对SDN至关重要。本文首先提出了一种基于角色的分布式控制平面,并在此架构下,提出了一种交换机迁移的控制器负载均衡策略,从而解决控制平面可扩展性问题。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.