可分离的加密域十六进制可逆信息隐藏

针对当前可逆信息隐藏技术可分离性差、载体恢复失真较大的问题,提出了一种可分离的加密域可逆信息隐藏方案。在R-LWE公钥密码算法加密过程中,通过对加密域冗余区间的重量化与对密文数据的再编码,可在密文冗余中嵌入十六进制数构成的秘密信息。嵌入信息后,使用隐写密钥可以完整提取隐藏信息,使用解密密钥可以无差错恢复出加密前数据,提取过程与解密过程可分离。理论推导出了影响信息提取与直接解密正确性的相关参数,通过仿真实验得出了参数的可取值区间,实验结果表明本方案在实现加密域的可分离可逆信息隐藏的基础上充分保证了嵌入后的明文解密的可逆性,而且1比特明文在密文域最大可负载4比特秘密信息。     

基于预测误差双重编码的大容量密文域可逆信息隐藏算法

针对目前密文域可逆信息隐藏算法嵌入容量较小的问题,提出了基于预测误差双重编码的大容量密文域可逆可分离信息隐藏算法。首先为了预留秘密信息的嵌入空间,图像拥有者利用基于预测误差的哈夫曼编码及扩展游程编码对图像进行预处理,然后加密图像;数据嵌入者在加密后的图像中嵌入秘密信息;接收者根据信息隐藏密钥可以准确无误地提取秘密信息,根据解密密钥可以无损恢复图像,两者无顺序要求。实验结果表明,预测误差双重编码的应用有效地提高了嵌入容量。     

基于矢量直方图迁移的视频加密域可逆隐写方案

针对压缩域视频隐藏算法嵌入容量低、不可见性差的问题,提出了一种H.264/AVC加密域的可逆隐写方案。首先由嵌入容量和载体大小决定参考帧间隔参数,并根据需要决定是否对载体进行加密;然后,根据待嵌视频帧数生成嵌入密钥;最后通过压缩视频中矢量直方图迁移,实现运动矢量上的可逆信息嵌入。所提方案通过指定解码参考帧,克服了由于运动矢量修改而造成的失真累加效应。所提方案兼容基于运动矢量的视频加密算法,视频的解密和信息提取分别依赖解密密钥和嵌入密钥,两者之间相互分离,在视频密文域或者解密后的明文域中均能提取信息并无损恢复视频载体。信息的安全性依赖于嵌入密钥,密钥长度可以根据需要控制,最大长度等于可嵌入信息的帧数。实验表明该方案计算复杂度低,安全度高,并可以根据嵌入负载调整容量和不可见性,与BCH码可逆嵌入方案相比PSNR值提高3~5 dB,平均嵌入容量增加5~10倍。     

图像加密域可分离可逆信息隐藏算法的系统设计与实现

改进了一种图像加密域可分离可逆信息隐藏的算法,设计并实现了一个图像加密域的可分离可逆信息隐藏软件系统。在此系统中,内容拥有者对未压缩的原始图像使用加密密钥进行加密。然后,信息隐藏者使用信息隐藏密钥把加密图像的最低位平面进行压缩,在压缩所得的空余空间里嵌入额外数据。最后得到包含嵌入信息的加密图像：拥有信息隐藏密钥的接收方,尽管不知道原始图片内容也可以提取出隐藏信息;拥有加密密钥的接收方可以获得原始图像的近似图,但是不能提取隐藏信息;如果同时拥有加密密钥和信息隐藏密钥,那么既可以提取出隐藏信息,也可以利用自然图像的空间相关性恢复出图像的相似图像。实例测试的结果表明,算法具有嵌入容量大、操作更灵活的优点。     

基于Paillier的可分离密文域可逆信息隐藏

为了提高信息嵌入率和实现直接解密后无损恢复原始图像,提出了基于Paillier的可分离密文域可逆信息隐藏算法.首先图像拥有者利用Paillier算法对图像进行加密后上传云服务器;而后信息隐藏者在云服务器中生成三个零矩阵,通过构造尺寸大小为2×2的填充分块进行信息嵌入;接收方根据不同的密钥,实现信息提取与图像解密的可分离.实验结果表明,相比于传统的可逆嵌入算法,该算法直接解密后不会存在失真的现象,并且最大嵌入率可达到2 bpp.     

基于位平面分割的密文域可逆信息隐藏算法

针对传统密文域可逆信息隐藏算法嵌入率低的问题,为提高嵌入容量,提出一种基于位平面分割的可逆信息隐藏算法。首先对高位平面进行定长游程编码压缩,压缩结果进行流加密并作为其头部信息,利用压缩冗余嵌入数据;然后对中位平面进行Logistic混沌加密;最后将低位平面进行位翻转,利用AGM（Adaptive Group Modification）方法嵌入数据。实验表明,该方法实现简单,嵌入率不超过0.5bpp时,解密后携秘图像的PSNR≈47.8dB,实现了解密与提取的可分离,提取后再解密图像可100%恢复。     

密文图像中的可逆信息隐藏算法

针对传统算法存在的加密和信息隐藏过程分离,嵌入容量小,操作不灵活的缺陷,提出了一种基于混沌和直方图平移的密文图像中的可逆信息隐藏算法。发送端先对图像加密,然后嵌入信息;接收端既可以先解密再提取信息,也可以先提取信息再解密。仿真实验结果表明该算法易于实现,并能有效提高信息嵌入的容量。     

基于直方图平移的视频密文域大容量可逆信息隐藏

针对视频密文域可逆信息隐藏（RDH）嵌入容量不高的问题,提出一种基于直方图平移的视频密文域大容量可逆信息隐藏方案。首先,利用流密码算法对4×4亮度帧内预测模式和运动矢量差值（MVD）的符号位进行加密,形成视频密文域;其次,构造MVD的二维直方图,设计关于（0,0）对称的直方图平移算法;最后,在MVD密文域中进行直方图平移,实现可分离的视频密文域可逆信息隐藏。实验结果表明,与对比方案相比,所提方案的嵌入容量平均提升263.3%,加密视频的平均峰值信噪比（PSNR）最高不超过15.956 dB,含密的解密视频的平均PSNR均能达到30 dB以上。所提方案可以有效提升嵌入容量,适用于更多类型的视频序列。     

基于码分多址复用的双重加密可逆信息隐藏

针对多数密文域可逆信息隐藏算法嵌入容量小、加密算法单一的问题,提出一种双重加密的方法,并利用码分多址复用（CDMA）的思想嵌入秘密信息。加密时将图像分块,先对像素块进行多粒度置乱加密,再对块中每个像素的中间2位用流密码加密。信息嵌入采用码分多址的思想,选取k个长为4的相互正交的矩阵嵌入k层秘密信息,利用矩阵的正交性实现秘密信息多层嵌入,在提高嵌入容量的同时保证了对像素点的较小改变。对不满足嵌入条件的像素块嵌入伪比特,可避免使用位置图。拥有信息提取密钥的合法接收者可以提取秘密信息;拥有图像解密密钥可以近似恢复原始图像;拥有两种密钥既可提取秘密信息又可无损恢复原始图像。实验结果表明,512×512灰度图像Lena在峰值信噪比（PSNR）大于36 dB时最大嵌入容量133 313 bit。所提算法增强了加密图像安全性,在保证可逆性的同时大大提高密文域可逆信息隐藏嵌入容量。     

基于同态加密的密文域可逆信息隐藏技术研究

为了提高嵌入容量和实现解密与提取信息的可分离性,文章将希尔伯特曲线和同态加密的特性运用到密文域可逆信息隐藏中。首先,图像拥有者对原始图像进行预处理,并在加密后构造密文镜像点。然后,信息隐藏者通过同态加法对目标像素点进行秘密信息嵌入。最后,接收方不仅可以提取秘密信息,还可以无损地恢复原始图像。实验证明,文章方案不但能够实现解密与提取信息的可分离性,而且在保证图像质量的前提下,最大嵌入容量可达到69120bits.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.