肯尼亚天然金红石矿流化床氯化率的研究

对肯尼亚金红石矿加碳氯化体系的热力学和动力学进行了研究,分析表明,C在固相中过量,体系处于平衡态时,TiCl4和CO是仅有的2个稳定的产物,增加C/TiO2比对产物组成影响不大;高温时,TiO2与C和Cl2生成CO的方程是占主导地位的。本实验提出了一个反应速率模型,得到金红石氯化率的公式,与实验数据吻合较好。反应速率与颗粒初始半径和天然金红石密度有关,在900℃到1000℃温度范围内,表观活化能为10.569 kJ/mol,扩散是反应的主要控制步骤。得到了C-Cl2体系中氯气反应率表达式,氯气反应率取决于反应程度、氯气浓度和焦炭粒径。     

MoRe_(41)合金冷轧过程的压缩模拟

钼中添加铼可以提高钼的室温塑性及高温强度,从本质上改善钼的脆性特征,扩大应用范围,但当铼含量较高时会出现加工硬化现象。在冷轧过程中表现为边裂、起皮,多道次轧制厚度不减。通过对冷轧过程的压缩模拟试验,找出加工硬化的规律及影响因素,分析轧制过程出现问题的主要原因,据此改进了轧制工艺,轧出合格板材。     

Iron ore Reduction by the Purofer Process

From Germany comes the development of a shaft-furnace process for the reduction of ore to sponge by reformed natural gas.     

Prospects for Automation of the Aluminum Reduction Process

A discussion of a control system for power circuits, continuous feeding of alumina, anode level control, etc., with reference to the possibility of introducing computers to the pot operation.     

高温合金粉末还原过程的研究

针对火花等离子体放电法制得粉末中的氧含量高的现状,对高温合金粉末的还原过程进行了探索性研究。结果表明:火花等离子体放电法制得的氧含量较高的镍基高温合金粉末使用CaH2作为脱氧剂,在常压氩气保护下550℃的低温下即可将原始粉末中的氧含量由9.26%(质量分数,下同)降至1.52%,最终粉末中的氧含量主要取决于CaO的去除情况。     

电化学还原TiO2制备金属钛及反应过程的研究

采用熔盐电解法,在900℃熔盐CaCl2中以烧结TiO2为阴极,石墨棒为阳极制备出了金属钛.研究了不同温度下烧结阴极的形貌及其对电解反应的影响.结果表明：600℃下烧结4 h的阴极具有良好电化学反应性能;电解过程中脱氧速度不均匀;TiO2电极的还原是由外向内,由高价向低价再到金属分步进行的;电解还原过程电流效率低约为15%.阴极的孔隙大小和颗粒尺寸会影响电极的反应速度.     

方板坯铸机板坯轻压下工艺优化

以湘钢方板坯连铸机为研究对象,通过凝固坯壳厚度测试试验,建立了凝固分析模型,模拟预报了典型工况下的凝固曲线。并在此基础上与铸机模型的计算结果进行对比,指出了凝固末端的计算偏差,提出了轻压下工艺的优化参数。轻压下工艺参数的优化明显改善了铸坯的中心质量,同时试验结果也说明轻压下工艺优化的方案正确可靠。     

Preparation of Mg-Li Alloys via Vacuum Silicothermic Reduction Process

对真空硅热法制备Mg-Li合金进行实验研究,采用X射线衍射仪对产物和残渣进行物相分析,利用扫描电子显微镜观察产物的冷凝形貌。XRD分析表明,产物的主要成分为Mg,反应的主渣相为Ca2SiO4。SEM分析表明,产物微观上相继呈片状、短棒状和絮状。同时研究了在未添加萤石时硅铁添加量、还原温度、成型压力和保温时间对Mg-Li合金制备的影响。在还原温度1250℃、硅铁添加量110%、成型压力15 MPa和保温时间150 min的条件下,镁锂还原率分别为81.38%和99.58%。     

A Single-Step Process for Direct Reduction of Iron Oxide to Sponge Iron by Undiluted Methane

A single-step pyrometallurgical process for the synthesis of sponge iron is presented in this study. It aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of Fe₂O₃ in undiluted CH₄ flow to establish the process parameters for sponge Fe formation. Thermodynamic analysis predicted the reduction of Fe₂O₃ to Fe by CH₄ at 1000–1200 K. The experiments were carried out at 800–1200 K for 60 min and at 1200 K for 0–60 min. Mass measurement and x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope techniques were used to characterize the products. The extent of the oxide reduction was found to increase with the temperature and time. XRD showed that single phase Fe was obtained at 1100 K for 60 min and at 1200 K within 10 min. The products synthesized at 1200 K within 15 min had spongy morphology. C deposition on the pre-reduced Fe particles resulted in the disappearance of spongy character.     

自蔓延高温还原法制备钨粉的研究

采用SHS还原法以CaWO4,Mg粉为原料制备钨粉。研究了CaWO4-Mg合成过程中的物理化学变化,压坯压力、稀释剂和浸出对燃烧过程和产物的影响。随着压坯压力的增加,燃烧产物的空隙率和钨粉颗粒的粒度呈递减趋势。添加稀释剂（钨粉）,钨粉颗粒的粒度有所增大。通过进一步碱浸可提高钨粉的纯度。最终产物的成分光谱分析和粒度分析结果表明：可得到平均粒径为0．87μm,比表面积1．09m^2/g,纯度≥99．0％的钨粉。     

多元醇还原法制备NiPd磁性纳米合金

采用多元醇还原法,以乙二醇为反应溶剂和还原剂,PVP为稳定剂,制备尺寸约30nm、在极性溶剂中分散良好的NiPd纳米粒子。采用XRD、ICP和TEM等手段对所制备的不同组成的纳米粒子进行表征,证明所制纳米粒子为NiPd合金,采用PVP为稳定剂有效地阻止了纳米粒子的团聚与氧化。所制备的纳米粒子的磁学性质及磁热效应结果表明,NiPd纳米合金具有较大的矫顽力,表现为铁磁性,且随着组分中Ni含量的增加,纳米合金的饱和磁化强度和磁热效应均增加,纳米粒子在60kHz、7.5kA/m的交变磁场作用下,试样的悬浮液升温可达14℃左右,显示出较高的磁热性能。     

用大压下率轧制1030B合金空调箔的工艺

介绍了本公司在冷轧机上用大压下率轧制1030B合金空调箔的工艺改进过程。该工艺已执行三年，稳产1030B合金空调箔坯料38000t，发掘了冷轧机的潜能，轧机效率提高16％以上。     

板坯凝固参数测定及轻压下工艺优化

通过凝固参数测定试验,模拟分析了典型工况下铸机模型计算偏差,并以轻压下技术的控制模型为基础,提出了轻压下工艺的优化参数。轻压下工艺参数的优化明显改善了铸坯的中心质量,同时试验结果也说明轻压下工艺优化的方案准确可靠。     

关于大减壁量斜轧延伸工艺的研讨

论述了二辊斜轧管机的连轧特征及其特殊的变形规律,剖析了 Accu Roll轧机变形能力较小的原因和提高其变形能力的途径。论证了短顶头二辊斜轧管机是单机变形能力最大的轧管机,讨论了其各道次减壁量的确定原则和分配规律,举例介绍了其连轧孔型与变形工具的科学设计原则、步骤、内容及其内外减壁区的计算方法。     

New Steel Making Process through Reduction and Sintering of Cementite Powder

A new steel making process through reduction and sintering treatment of cementite powder was proposed, and microstructure of the material obtained by this process was examined by scanning electron microscopy and EBSP analysis.The cementite powder obtained by mechanical alloying was compacted under high pressure up to 1000MPa, and then reduced during sintering in a hydrogen (H2) gas atmosphere at elevated temperatures. The cementite compacts were completely reduced by the sintering at 1073K to 1273K for 18ks. The relative density of sintered material became 95% or more when the temperature was elevated above 1173K. The SEM observation and EBSP analysis indicated that the obtained steel has equiaxed ferrite-pearlite structure with grain size of around 5μm and the crystallographic orientations of ferrite grains are randomly distributed.     

TiO2电化学还原法提取金属钛的阴极制备工艺

研究TiO2电化学还原法提取金属钛的阴极制备参数——烧结温度和烧结时间。采用SEM、EDS等方法研究烧结温度、烧结时间对TiO2阴极微观结构、孔隙率的影响及不同烧结条件下TiO2阴极电解产物结构和氧含量的变化。结果表明：烧结条件主要影响电极的粒度大小、孔隙尺寸和孔隙分布：在较高温度下烧结较长时间获得的电极片粒度较粗,而孔隙率的变化比较复杂。电极的颗粒尺寸、孔隙率直接影响脱氧率：粒度较小的电极在试验条件下可被充分还原;电极中的开孔和闭孔都有利于电化学还原过程的进行。在1000~1100 °C下烧结4 h获得的TiO2阴极脱氧效果较好。     

Cleaner Production of Ti Powder by a Two-Stage Aluminothermic Reduction Process

A two-stage aluminothermic reduction process for preparing Ti powder under vacuum conditions using Na₂TiF₆ was investigated. An Al-Ti master alloy and a clean cryolite were simultaneously obtained as co-products. The first-stage reduction was an exothermic process that occurred at approximately 660°C. The Al and O contents of the Ti powder product were 0.18 wt.% and 0.35 wt.%, respectively, with an average particle size <74 μm. Ti(IV), Ti(III), and metallic Ti were present in the Ti-containing cryolite produced by the first-stage reduction, at a total content of approximately 3.13 wt.%. After second-stage reduction, the Ti elemental contents of the clean cryolite were reduced to 0.002 wt.%. The Al-Ti master alloy obtained by second-stage reduction was composed of Al and TiAl₃. The mechanisms involved in these reduction processes were also examined.     

喷雾干燥法制备球形钨粉及还原过程的研究

以偏钨酸铵(AMT)为原料,采用喷雾干燥法结合氢气还原方法成功制备出球形钨粉。随后利用SEM、TEM、激光粒度分析仪和XRD等分析方法对粉末微观形貌、颗粒平均粒度、粒度分布和还原过程中的相变情况进行研究。结果表明,前驱粉末为球形,煅烧后,颗粒形貌未发生明显变化,仍保持球形;TEM结果显示粉末是球形中空结构。同时探讨了溶液浓度、鼓风速度、给料速度对粉末粒度的影响。激光粒度分析结果表明,溶液浓度对粉末的平均粒度影响最大,溶液浓度越大,颗粒的平均粒度就越大。粒度分布越集中,而给料速度对颗粒的平均粒度影响不明显。XRD结果显示,氢气气氛下,550℃保温2h,α-W相出现;还原温度升高到750℃,保温2h,WO3被完全还原为α-W。