Professor R. N. Parkins Receives Whitney Award from N.A.C.E.

Abstract

In situ metallography has been used to study the effect of temperature on the microstructural changes on the outside surface of primary reformer tubes, used for the production of reformed gas suitable for ammonia synthesis in a 200 tonnes per day capacity ammonia plant. The outside skin temperature varied in the range of 860° to 1050°C. The studies indicated marked changes with increasing temperature in the size of grains and carbide morphology, i.e., the pattern and distribution of primary and secondary carbides.     

Steelmaking / U.S.A.

The history of steelmaking in the United States is a fascinating story of determination, sudden tragedy, exploitation, and inventive genius rolled into one gigantic plot. Mr. Reinartz’ flowing interpretation of the progress made in the last one hundred years is being presented in a series of four articles.     

我国石油专用管材的发展方向

随着我国石油钻井技术的发展，石油专用管材的生产、技术、质量及装备水平有了长足的进步。但因石油管材的产品性能要求高，加之接箍丝扣结构性能要求严格，因此生产难度大，国产化问题尚待解决。分析了我国石油专用管材的生产现状及存在的问题，指出了国产石油专用管材的发展方向。     

Steelmaking / U.S.A.

Part III of a four-part series on the history of steelmaking in the US, describes furnace developments, improvements during the last few decades, and the contribution of the AIME.     

Clad Metal Technology in the U.S.S.R.

This article examines the various aspects of cladding processes used in the Soviet Union as well as research into surface preparation, interface layer selection, clad-core property differences, layer thickness ratio, and temperature on cladding response. Post-formed properties, such as bond strength, and typical clad products are also discussed.     

ICP-AES法同时测定金属镁中的铁硅铜铝镍锰

本文研究了在一定溴存在的条件下 ,试样以盐酸与硝酸溶解 ,用ICP—AES同时测定金属镁中Fe、Si、Cu、Al、Ni、Mn六种元素。为消除大量镁基体的干扰 ,本方法采用镁基做工作曲线 ,测定结果令人满意 ,完全可满足产品分析要求 ,方法简便可靠。     

A potentiokinetic reactivation method for predicting the I.C.C. and I.G.S.C.C. sensitivity of stainless steels and alloys

The present paper is a continuation of an earlier study dealing with a new method of electrochemical determination of the sensitivity to intercrystalline corrosion of stainless steel, based on reactivation from the passive state. This suggested test method was verified on austenitic chromenickel steels with increased carbon content and cold deformation. The ratio of charge during reactivation to that in the active region of the polarization curve (at increasing potential), expressed as a percentage, appears to give the optimum quantitative criterion of the tendency of steels to intercrystalline corrosion or intergranular stress corrosion cracking. The sensitivity of the method can be adjusted for the individual types of steels and alloys by changing the experimental conditions.     

采用步进梁式加热炉的油井管调质生产线

由于油井管的工作条件非常恶劣,因此对其综合力学性能要求较高。要达到所需的力学性能,一般要对其进行调质处理。介绍了采用步进梁式加热炉的油井管调质生产线及所采用的先进工艺、先进装置、先进技术和其使用效果。     

Professor H. H. Uhlig receives the U. R. Evans Award for 1980

Abstract

In September, at Oxford University, during the 21 st Corrosion Science Symposium of the Corrosion Science Division of the Institution of Corrosion Science and Technology, the Institution's highest honour, the U. R. Evans Award, was presented to Professor H. H. Uhlig. In introducing the presentation Dr A. M. Pritchard, the Chairman of the Corrosion Science Division, reminded the 100 or so delegates who were attending the conference that the Institution of Corrosion Science and Technology U. R. Evans Award had been established by the Corrosion Science Division in 1975, both in recognition of the pioneering contributions of Ulick Richardson Evans to pure and applied corrosion science, and as a means of honouring internationally eminent workefs for outstanding contributions to the field of corrosion scienGe and engineering.

The presentation of the Award to Professor Uhlig was made by Professor G. C. Wood, the President of the Institution. In his citation Professor Wood opened by remarking that, although there were a number of outstanding· corrosion sCientists and engineers in the USA who would grace the U. R. Evans Award, it would come as no surprise to people in the field that the first of their number to be recognised in this way was Professor Uhlig. Professor Wood continued by remarking that in honouring Professor Uhlig the Institution and those present also honoured and remembered Dr Evans, who earlier in the year had finally passed from the scene that he had influenced for so many years.     

Utilizing Iron Residues from Zinc Production in the U.S.S.R.

When zinc calcine leach residues are subjected to conventional hydro-metallurgical treatment, iron is removed from the production circuit in the form of jarosite or goethite. A combined hydrometallurgical treatment of zinc calcine and zinc oxide fume leach residues applied at a zinc plant in the U.S.S.R. produces potassium jarosite containing undesirable impurities of 1.5–2.0 wt.% Zn, 0.2–0.3 wt.% Cu, 0.2–0.6 wt.% Pb, 0.005–0.01 wt. % Cd and 27–29 wt. % Fe. After some study, it was found that low-contaminant jarosite can be used in iron-oxide pigments and in cement clinker production. Methods for manufacturing such products have been developed and tested on a pilot-plant scale, and commercial tests are in progress. The investigations carried out for low-contaminantjarosite utilization resulted not only in the development of a wasteless and environmentally acceptable technology for zinc calcine treatment, but made it possible to recover one more valuable component—iron—from zinc raw materials.     

钢管外径和壁厚的检测与控制

介绍了影响钢管尺寸精度的主要因素及近年来国外开发的γ射线在线无损检测钢管外径和壁厚的检测与控制技术。比较了不同钢管生产方法壁厚控制的特点。不管采用何种钢管生产方法，都可通过优化模具设计和工艺制度，提高钢管的尺寸精度。     

T.I.M.E.焊工艺特点及其发展现状

Ｔ．Ｉ．Ｍ．Ｅ焊工艺是一种新型的高效,高熔敷率的气体保护焊工艺,本文介绍了它的主要特点及优越性,从药芯焊丝和实心焊丝两方面对Ｔ．Ｉ．Ｍ．Ｅ焊接工艺在欧洲的发展作了简要介绍,分析了Ｔ．Ｉ．Ｍ．Ｅ焊工艺的工作机理。     

A 19F.N.M.R. study of graphite fluorosulfates

Graphite fluorosulfates, C_nSO₃F, with n = 7 for stage-one materials, are ideally suited for ¹⁹F n.m.r. studies due to the unambiguous identity of the intercalate and its axially symmetric nature. The intensity of the signal shows a clear dependence on the orientation of the c axis with respect to the oscillating radio-frequency field H₁. The chemical shift value, however, is affected by the orientation of the c axis with respect to H₀. The powder spectrum of the stage-one material C₇SO₃F extends from 10 to 100 ppm at low temperatures, while motional narrowing at room temperature contributes to a sharp signal at the lower field end of the powder spectrum, corresponding to an axially symmetric chemical shift tensor. Angular dependence studies on C₇SO₃F samples made from HOPG indicate that the majority of the intercalated SO₃F⁻ ions are oriented with their molecular C₃ symmetry axes parallel to the c axis of graphite, or normal to H₀. Multi-staged samples made from HOPG demonstrate the stage dependence of the chemical shift of intercalated SO₃F⁻ ions. The chemical shift of the stage-one material is observed in the region of 10 – 12 ppm, while higher-staged materials show resonances at less shielded regions.     

Some Impressions of Electroplating in U.S.A.

The development of electrochemical machining methods is described and it is shown how the original process was improved by the introduction of automatic methods of controlling the inter-electrode distance and by pressure-feeding the electrolyte. Factors of importance in governing the rate of metal removal and controlling the shape of the workpiece are detailed and illustrated by reference to electrode design, electrolyte composition and filtration methods.     

A.I.D. Testing and Application of Aircraft Finishes

The introduction of quaternary pyridinium derivatives as brightening agents for the electrodeposition of zinc from alkaline electrolytes was one of the most significant recent advances in this field. This work describes the brightening effect of quaternary pyrindium derivatives, which have differences in structure, on the zinc deposits obtained from alkaline cyanide and alkaline non-cyanide electrolytes. Chemical changes were found to be occurring to these organic compounds when used as addition agents in these electrolytes, which could be followed using ultra violet spectroscopy. Analysis of the data has enabled the kinetics of these reactions to be deduced and this together with relevant informaton from the literature has enabled the identity of the new species to be established.     

U. R. Evans Award 1977

Abstract

Nucleation and growth of transgranular stress corrosion cracks has been studied in Type 316 austenitic steel stressed in MgCl₂ solutions of various degrees of acidity and under a narrow range (?0·24 to ?0·40 V SCE) of controlled potential. Slip line attack occurs in relatively acid solutions and is accompanied by the formation of {110} slots which are covered with a chromium rich oxide. In well boiled solutions, which are of low acidity, nucleation occurs at inclusions. MnS particles are efficient crack nuclei, but for other inclusions the size and geometry is of greater importance than chemical composition. High potentials favour pitting and crevice corrosion and such sites are particularly important crack nuclei at low stresses.

Edge notched sheet specimens have shown very low threshold stress intensities for crack growth and a sensitivity to prior deformation. Crack tips are extremely narrow and the crack sides show evidence of corrosion. Data pertinent to aslip dissolution model are discussed.     

Estimating U.S. uranium reserves

This article presents information on the Energy Information Administration’s (U.S. Department of Energy) annual estimates of U.S. uranium reserves. Encompassed is information for year-end 1997’s uranium reserves, which were estimated by employing numerous resources. Author’s Note: In this article, uranium reserves are discussed for the $30, $50, and $100 per pound forward-cost categories. Forward costs are determined based on anticipated future operating and capital expenditures incurred in the recovery of uranium ore materials. Reserves are cumulative; the quantity at a given level includes all reserves at lower costs. Thus, reserves for the $50 per pound category include the $30 per pound totals, and the $100 per pound category includes totals from the other two categories. Uranium reserves that could be recovered as a by-product of phosphate and copper mining are not included. (Sources for the data presented here are: the EIA, Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels, based on industry conferences, DOE Grand Junction Projects Office data files, and EIA form EIA-858, Uranium Industry Annual Survey 1997.) Luther L. Smith earned his B.A. in geology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1962. He is currently a geologist with the Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy.