Fire safety engineering: comparison of a new degree programme with the model curriculum

The curriculum design of a new degree programme in Building Services Engineering with Fire Engineering Specialism for the local fire engineering professionals in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is reported. The programme was approved by The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and offered in September 1997 with an intake of 25 students per year. The aims are to train fire engineers who can handle not only ‘traditional’ fire engineering systems, but also perform the ‘new’ procedure of fire safety engineering hooked up with the development of ‘performance-based fire codes’ in an ‘engineering approach’. Subject contents to be included in a fire safety engineering degree programme are proposed. A comparison of this new scheme with the model curriculum in Fire Safety Engineering is made. Coverage of topic areas on fire engineering and teaching hours are compared. Differences in the curricula have been identified and discussed.     

试论性能化设计在超高层建筑消防设计中的应用

我国日益增高的楼房对消防工作提出了新的要求,而性能化设计作为一种十分科学的建筑防火设计方法,被广泛应用于消防工作。本文主要研究了性能化设计在超高层建筑消防设计中的应用,并提出了几点建议。     

关于用ISO 9705评价材料的火焰传播

虽然性能化规范尚未达到通用的程度 ,但中国香港建筑业消防安全条款已用于“工程方法”设计中 ,在回顾了四个标准试验 ,即 ASTM E1 32 1 - 97a、BS4 76 :Part:1 997、ASTM E84 -99/ NFPA2 5 5和 ISO970 5 :1 993(E)之后 ,介绍了 ISO970 5 ,供地方政府评估各种材料的火焰传播。为妥善处理新的建筑材料 ,应将材料和构件的火焰传播试验列入说明中     

大空间建筑人员疏散问题的性能化设计

通过对大空间建筑火灾特性的研究,结合目前许多大空间建筑的消防设计无法满足现有规范要求的现实问题,分析大空间建筑中火灾状态下人员的具体情况,结合建筑实际情况采用性能化方法,解决大空间、大体量建筑的人员安全疏散的问题,并列举了工程实例进行说明.     

建筑防火性能化设计中火灾场景的设定

性能化防火设计方法的应用为我国建筑防火设计领域中的有关难题提供了较为科学合理的解决方案，同时也对设计者提出了更高的要求。设计者对设计过程、方法以及工具有一个比较深入全面地认识，是保证建筑防火设计安全合理的基本前提之一。通过对建筑防火性能化设计的火灾场景问题进行探讨，以求科学地认识和理解性能化防火设计方法，促进性能化防火设计方法在在我国建筑防火设计领域的健康发展。     

某大型多层商贸中心人员疏散设计

分析了我国现行规范与实际需求的矛盾,通过性能化防火设计的方法解决实际案例的疏散设计问题,说明了用性能化防火设计方法解决大型多层商贸中心人员疏散设计的可行性。     

Enhancing Building Fire Safety Performance by Reducing Miscommunication and Misconceptions

Building fire safety is driven by regulations and technical building codes, at least as a minimum requirement. As fire protection engineers (FPEs) design fire safety measures based on requirements in the regulations, they are often viewed as the primary agents in ensuring the fire safety of buildings. However, their mission often starts with given building design features, such as interior spatial layout, exterior shape, site plan, and so forth, which are mostly determined by architects. The only exception is where the FPE is invited to assist in the project planning, feasibility and early concept design stages of a project. Regardless, architects also can influence building fire safety performance, whether or not they explicitly acknowledge or understand this. Although architects design buildings within the boundaries of the regulatory requirements, the architect’s focus is often related to the visual and spatial aesthetics of buildings linked to building form and functionality, which are not subject to the regulations. These aesthetics can sometimes compete with fire safety objectives. As such, buildings can be unsafe in certain situations due to unintended effects of building design features on actual fire safety performance. This research describes the relationship between architecturally conceived building design features, design expectations for fire safety systems, and the actual or conceivable fire safety performance of the building. Steps are proposed that FPEs can take to identify and address potentially competing objectives and deliver increased fire safety performance.     

建筑防火设计方法的思想回归与创新

从建筑防火设计方法与思想的历史演变角度入手，分析了古代朴素的防火设计方法，以及近代以指令性条文构筑的建筑防火设计规范化设计方法体系。从古代个案的设计实践到近代对历史的火灾经验教训的总结，着重探讨了随着城市的现代化发展和建筑工程技术的进步，大型、复杂的建筑迅速增多而产生的以现代火灾科学技术为基础的性能化防火设计方法。     

山西东大盛世华庭防火设计

介绍了东大盛世华庭部分防火设计；通过现行规范与性能规范对比，说明我国建筑防火设计向“性能化”发展的必然趋势和必要性。     

A Fire Safety Assessment System for Existing Buildings

In Hong Kong which is characterized by its tall, reinforced-concrete buildings with multiple owners, most of the high-rise buildings constructed before the mid-1970s are dilapidated. In order to address this problem, the Hong Kong Government intends to introduce mandatory safety assurance requirements with its so-called Building Safety Inspection Scheme, under which building owners would be required to appoint building professionals to assess the safety level of their buildings and to recommend appropriate corrective actions. In order to ensure uniform standards and easy administration, the Hong Kong Government intends to publish assessment guidelines. One of the major safety aspects the guidelines will addresses is fire safety, since, over the past few years, several large, tragic fires have occurred in the city's high-rises. This article proposes a fuzzy fire safety assessment approach based on fire risk ranking techniques that may form part of the safety evaluation tool for existing buildings. The basic principles of the system are briefly described, and its implementation is outlined.     

新西兰性能化防火设计规范的实施现状及其对我国消防的启示

随着经济的飞速发展，世界上许多国家出现了高层化和大型化的建筑，使得建筑规范从处方式规范转变到性能化设计规范。性能化防火设计规范已经在多个国家制定和实施。新西兰于1991年颁布了性能化为基础的建筑规范。以及给整个社会带来的影响，其中最主要的变化就是从强调财产保护转变到强调生命安全保护。结合我国的实际情况，提出了发展我国性能化设计的一些建议和想法。