糖类羟基乙酰化研究进展

乙酰化是保护糖类羟基最常用的方法。将糖类羟基乙酰化反应用催化剂分为碱、无机酸、有机酸、Lewis酸、硅铝酸盐、离子液体和其他催化剂,分别综述了其研究进展。     

紫外可见分光光度计在污水含油分析中的应用

随着环境意识的增强,石油化工企业的污水分析与处理已经成为一项重要的工作。本文介绍了紫外可见分光光度计的原理及使用方法,提出了在污水含油分析使用中应注意的问题,并且总结了定量分析方法。     

降低汽油烯烃技术进展

从国内外降低催化裂化(FCC)汽油烯烃含量的催化剂、助剂及工艺的开发和应用，以及改善汽油组分构成等方面，介绍了国内外降低汽油烯烃技术的进展情况，提出了国内采用降烯烃技术的注意事项。     

准噶尔盆地二叠系风二段凝灰岩储层孔隙多重分形特征

凝灰岩储层作为致密油气储层的一种,其微纳米孔隙对油气的储存有着较大的影响。为明确准噶尔盆地哈山地区二叠系风二段凝灰岩储层孔隙结构及非均质性特征,选取哈山地区哈11井6块凝灰岩样品,采用总有机碳含量测定、全岩矿物组分分析,通过CO2和N2吸附实验对凝灰岩储层孔隙结构进行表征,结合多重分形理论,分析孔隙的非均质性及连通性。结果表明：所选凝灰岩样品TOC平均为0.931%,矿物组分以长石、石英、黏土矿物以及白云石为主。微孔主要发育0.33～0.38,0.50～0.68及0.72～0.86 nm3个孔径区间内的孔隙,介-宏孔主要发育2.94～16.09 nm孔径区间内的孔隙。广义分形维数（Dq）随着q的增大而减小,奇异分形谱呈凸起的非对称抛物线状,凝灰岩储层孔隙具有多重分形特征。微孔（0～2 nm）具有较小的奇异谱谱宽（Δα）和较大的Hurst指数（H）,而介-宏孔（2～100 nm）具有较大的Δα值和较小的H值,表明微孔具有较好的均质性和连通性。介-宏孔的非均质性受孔体积的影响,随着孔体积的增大,孔隙非均质性增强,连通性降低。TOC和矿物组分对孔隙非均质性含量和连通性均有不同程度的影响,TO...     

离子色谱技术在蒸气水阴离子分析中的应用

采用离子色谱电导法,利用电化学自动再生抑制器,同时选择了1.35mmol/L的Na2CO3与1.0mmol/L的NaHCO3混合液作淋洗液,对炼油厂蒸气水中的阴离子进行了分析测定,回收率在98%～104%之间,相对标准偏差小于5%。该分析测定方法准确、快速,可广泛应用于实际生产中。     

Gasoline production in stabilization of feedstock in hydrocyclones

Fundamentally new technology for production of gasoline in stabilization of crude oil and gas condensate in a centrifugal force field is directed toward increasing the intensity of the process and decreasing capital and power costs. By regulating the pressure and temperature at the inlet into the hydrocyclone, it is possible to control production of unstable gasoline. By-products of petrochemistry are used to increase its octane number. Synergism in improving the quality of the gasoline in multistage hydrocycloning of crude and incorporation of oxygen-containing components was demonstrated. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 6–9, January–February, 2006.     

Occurrence of deoxynivalenol in durum wheat in Tunisia

Wheat is frequently contaminated by the deoxynivalenol (DON) which is a member of the trichotecene family, the most important group of mycotoxins produced by the Fusarium moulds. As Tunisian population is a big consumer of cereals mainly durum wheat, human exposure to DON can be, consequently high. This survey was performed to study the occurrence of DON in Tunisian durum wheat area during the crop of 2007. A total of 65 samples of durum wheat from five cultivating locations in the North of Tunisia, the major cropping area, were analysed. To detect and to quantify the mycotoxin DON, an efficient HPLC/UV method was developed, including immunoaffinity step for DON extraction from durum wheat followed by liquid chromatography (LC) for quantification. As DON is a water soluble toxin, the extraction procedure from wheat samples was performed using water. Samples were centrifuged then passed through the immunoaffinity columns. After column’s washing, the toxin was slowly eluted by methanol. Wheat sample extracts were injected to the LC system set at a wavelength of 220 nm. From 65 samples, 83% showed DON contamination with averages ranging from 12.8 ± 5% to 30.5 ± 13.3% μg/g exceeding the maximum permitted limit of 1.75 μg/g set by the European Commission in wheat.     

Variation in properties of a hydraulic oil in operation of tractors

Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya. Topliv i Masel, No. 11, pp. 22–24, November, 1989.     

地震参数在泌阳凹陷白云岩预测中的应用

随着储集层预测技术的发展。提取众多的属性参数进行判断已成为地震解释的重要手段,在进行储集层预测和评价时,通常使用与储集层预测有关的各种地震属性.以各种方法从地震数据体中提取的一系列地震属性包含有丰富的地下地质信息不同的地震属性值可能与某些地质参数具有很大的相关性.因此利用地震属性参数可以有效地预测岩性和有利储集层描述油藏特征及孔隙度变化、寻找死油区。描述 了地震属性中的振幅、阻抗频率及能量衰减四种基本类型参数的特征意义。并对泌阳凹陷核二段白云岩区进行了振幅频率衰减阻抗等属性提取分析.成功地预测出白云岩的分布范围。     

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本文对广西百色盆地田东拗陷第三系砂岩储层岩石学特征,成岩作用,成岩阶段,孔隙演化及其与油气生成、运移关系进行了论述。特别是将成岩作用、孔隙演变与烃源岩热演化生成的有机酸和CO_2相联系,阐述了成岩过程。最后指出,应重视对该区深部储层尤其是深水浊积砂岩体的勘探。     

成像测井在松辽盆地徐家围子地区深层火山岩储层研究中的应用

研究区深层火山岩储层具有分布广泛、横向变化大、非均质性强等特点 ,探究有利的火山岩储集体成为寻找工业气藏的关键。对松辽盆地徐家围子地区若干口成像井进行地质解释 ,判断出火山岩储集体的宏观储集空间类型有溶蚀空洞以及天然裂缝系统 ,利用天然裂缝的类型、发育方位等特征的统计分析 ,可以预测未知区域的裂缝发育情况 ;利用火山岩地层的倾向、倾角统计规律 ,可以预测火山岩体的主体位置。     

气相色谱法测定苯乙烯中TBC含量

阐述了采用气相色谱法进行苯乙烯中TBC(对—叔丁基邻苯二酚)含量的测定,使用HP-5柱子对样品中各烃类及TBC等组分进行分离;使用氢火焰离子化检测器,对组分进行检测,并根据保留时间定性,进行了外标法定量。     

Degradation of aflatoxins in aqueous buffer in the presence of nucleophiles

This study compared the efficacies of lysine, glycine and methylamine to mediate aflatoxin destruction in heated aqueous phosphate buffers. A 3 × 3 × 4 factorial design (buffer pH, heating temperature and nucleophile) was followed. The buffer was artificially contaminated (“spiked”) with mixed aflatoxin standard and heated for specified time periods. After the heat treatment residual aflatoxins were determined using HPLC procedures.Aflatoxin reduction was influenced by the buffer pH and the pK_a of the added nucleophile. When phosphate buffer (at pH 9) was heated to 150 °C the degradation rate constants (k) aflatoxin in the presence of lysine, glycine and methylamine were 0.11, 0.09 and 0.08 min⁻¹ respectively. Addition of calcium chloride to the “spiked” buffer lowered aflatoxin reduction, but upon adding lysine or methylamine, aflatoxin reduction was restored to some extent. These findings demonstrate the potential capability of lysine to mediate aflatoxin reduction.