新型绿色缓蚀剂植酸的研究进展

对高效无毒缓蚀剂的研究是缓蚀剂的重要发展方向,植酸是一种从天然农作物中提取出来的绿色缓蚀剂,它可作为钢铁、铜、镁合金和铜合金的缓蚀荆,本文综述了有关植酸作为缓蚀剂的研究进展,提出了自组装技术和复配技术可作为植酸缓蚀剂发展的重要方向.     

环境友好型铜缓蚀剂研究进展

随着环保意识和环保要求的不断提高,环境友好型铜缓蚀剂已成为铜缓蚀剂研究的重要发展方向和研究热点,本文综述了环境友好型铜缓蚀剂的最新研究成果,指出了目前研究中存在的问题和今后的发展方向.     

聚天冬氨酸和钨酸钠复配对模拟水中铜的缓蚀作用研究

采用电化学阻抗谱和极化曲线方法研究了环境友好型缓蚀剂聚天冬氨酸和钨酸钠对模拟水中铜的缓蚀作用。实验结果表明,单一聚天冬氨酸,在[PASP]=7mg／L时,对铜的缓蚀性能最佳;而单一钨酸钠,在[Na2WO4]=35mg／L时,对铜的缓蚀性能最好。在缓蚀剂总浓度一定时（7mg／L）,聚天冬氨酸和钨酸钠两者复配对铜的缓蚀效果要比单一配方明显增强,其中以配比为1：1时缓蚀效果最好,并具有协同效应。     

国内铜缓蚀剂的最新发展现状

介绍了国内铜缓蚀剂的最新研究成果,从新型缓蚀剂的应用,缓蚀剂间的协同效应,缓蚀剂的研究方法及预处理等方面综述了目前铜及铜合金缓蚀剂的研究现状及发展动态。     

PASP阻垢缓蚀剂缓蚀机理研究

绿色化是21世纪水处理药剂的发展方向,以聚天冬氨酸为代表的绿色水处理剂因此成为了研究的热门。目前对有机阻垢缓蚀剂的阻垢缓蚀机理研究还处于初步的假说阶段。本文采用尿素和马来酸酐为原料合成聚天冬氨酸,然后根据实验的一些情况对聚天冬氨酸的缓蚀机理进行了一些讨论。     

PCB酸性蚀刻液中不同缓蚀剂对铜蚀刻的影响及模拟计算研究

目的 研究苯并三氮唑(BTA)、苯并咪唑(BZI)和2-巯基苯并噻唑(2-MBT)3种缓蚀剂对酸性蚀刻液中铜的蚀刻速率和蚀刻因子的影响及作用机理.方法 采用静态挂片失重法计算蚀刻速率和缓蚀效率,利用金相显微镜测试蚀刻因子.通过塔菲尔极化曲线,研究缓蚀剂分子对铜腐蚀的影响.运用密度泛函理论,计算BTA、BZI、2-MBT的全局和局部反应活性.使用Forcite模块中的COMPASS力场进行分子动力学计算,研究缓蚀剂分子在Cu层表面吸附过程中的能量变化.结果 缓蚀剂的加入,降低了铜的腐蚀速度,减缓了蚀刻速率,增大了蚀刻因子.实验结果显示,2-MBT存在时,缓蚀效率最大,铜的腐蚀速度最小,蚀刻因子最佳.全局反应活性分析表明,3种缓蚀剂分子对铜的缓蚀效率关系为2-MBT>BZI>BTA;局部反应活性分析表明,2-MBT的活性主要集中在2个S原子上,S(9)可以接受电子,形成反馈键,S(10)能够提供电子,形成配位键.分子动力学计算结果表明,BTA、BZI、2-MBT均能自发吸附在铜层表面,且在Cu(111)面的吸附能分别为–2927.04、–3033.94、–3097.58 kJ/mol,表明3种缓蚀剂分子均易吸附在铜层表面,进而在一定程度上抑制铜的腐蚀.结论 在酸性蚀刻液中加入缓蚀剂,能有效提高蚀刻因子.当缓蚀剂分子中的活性原子同时包含亲核中心和亲电中心时,效果更好.     

碳钢CO2腐蚀的缓蚀剂策略及缓蚀行为研究进展

从新型CO₂缓蚀剂合成制备、绿色动植物成分作为CO₂缓蚀剂开发、CO₂缓蚀剂协同效应研究、苛刻环境下的缓蚀剂性能探究、缓蚀剂构效分析及影响因素评价等5个部分对CO₂缓蚀剂的最新研究进展进行综述分析。针对现有部分缓蚀剂存在性能不足、污染大等问题，CO₂缓蚀剂的增效思路主要包括新型缓蚀剂分子合成、绿色缓蚀剂提取和缓蚀剂复配研究。新型缓蚀剂合成是通过有机化学反应，以杂环分子为原料进行结构设计、官能团接枝或修饰得到新型缓蚀剂分子。该部分同时介绍了纳米缓蚀剂的前沿发展及面临的瓶颈问题。绿色缓蚀剂提取是以天然动植物为原料，改善缓蚀剂的生态安全性，针对绿色缓蚀剂的快速发展提出“全流程”绿色控制理念，建议确立绿色定义标准。缓蚀剂协同效应研究旨在阐明不同缓蚀剂间复配增效的本质机理，当前需要建立快速评价体系，健全探寻最佳复配比的指导理论。另外，缓蚀剂在复杂或极端工况下的结构稳定性、缓蚀性能持久性和缓蚀机理变化对其实际应用至关重要，油气田开发苛刻环境下“防腐+”一体化试剂的需求增大。除上述制备与应用...     

水溶性取代吡啶甲酰腺席夫碱缓蚀剂对铜的缓蚀作用研究

合成三种水溶性取代吡啶甲酰腙席夫碱缓蚀剂,采用静态失重法、电化学方法和扫描电镜研究其在3.5%NaCl介质中对铜的缓蚀作用.结果表明,三种缓蚀剂都是以抑制阴极为主的混合型缓蚀剂;当温度在35℃、缓蚀剂质量浓度为75 mg/L时,缓蚀效率最高,在缓蚀过程中未发生分解.三种缓蚀剂对铜在3.5%NaCl溶液中均具有较好的缓蚀...     

聚环氧琥珀酸对铜缓蚀性能的研究

采用失重法研究了pH=7.5的自来水中缓蚀剂聚环氧 琥珀酸和BTA、Zn2+、硅酸钠复配时对铜的缓蚀效果，实验表明，在缓蚀剂总浓度为54.5 mg/L，四种药剂复配复配时，显示较好的协同效应，其最佳配比为20 mg/L聚环氧琥珀酸+05 mg/L BTA+4 mg/L Zn2++30 mg/L硅酸钠；电化学动电位极化曲线测试的结果表明复合配方水处理剂对阳极、阴极均有缓蚀作用.        

绿色缓蚀剂研究现状与展望

概述了有机、无机绿色缓蚀剂国内外研究现状,重点介绍了新型绿色缓蚀剂的制备方法和技术,绿色缓蚀剂的实际应用情况,指出了提高缓蚀剂绿色化程度的方法和途径。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。