裂纹面荷载作用下多裂纹应力强度因子计算

该文基于比例边界有限元法计算了裂纹面荷载作用下平面多裂纹应力强度因子.比例边界有限元法可以给出裂纹尖端位移场和应力场的解析表达式,该特点可以使应力强度因子根据定义直接计算,同时不需要对裂纹尖端进行特殊处理.联合子结构技术可以计算多裂纹问题的应力强度因子.数值算例表明该文方法是有效且高精确的,进而推广了比例边界有限元法的...     

磁电弹双材料条中螺位错与界面边裂纹的相互作用

研究半无限长磁电弹双材料条中螺位错与界面边裂纹的相互作用。基于镜像原理和保角变换方法,得到了弹性场、电场和磁场的解析解,给出了应力、电位移、磁感应强度、应力强度因子以及像力的显函表达式。以压电-压磁双材料条形介质为例,分析了应力场、电位移和磁感应强度的分布特性,讨论了几何参数、压电和压磁效应对应力强度因子和像力的影响。     

反平面载荷作用下带界面裂纹的不同正交异性层板的应力分析

本文对含有边缘界面裂纹的不同正交各向异性平板在反平面载荷作用下的位移场与应力场进行了分析,得到了满足所有基本方程以及裂纹面边界条件与交界面连续条件的位移场与应力场展开式,本文进一步应用变分原理决定应力场展开式中奇异项系数—应力强度因子,计算结果表明,应力强度因子的收敛性是令人非常满意的.      

高速列车A7N01S-T5铝合金应力腐蚀行为研究

文章选取了我国某类型高速列车常用的A7N01S-T5铝合金材料,进行了恒载荷应力腐蚀试验,对A7N01S-T5材料的应力腐蚀机理、应力腐蚀强度因子K1SCC和裂纹生长机制进行了研究.结果表明,A7N01S-T5铝合金的应力腐蚀破坏敏感性很高,其临界应力场强度因子K1 SCC为5.2 MPa.m1/2,仅为断裂韧度K1 C的0.15,对应的临界应力门槛值б为123MPa,仅为拉伸强度бb0.27.裂纹断口面有明显的舌状凸起和凹坑的存在.A7N01S-T5铝合金的应力腐蚀裂纹以沿晶开裂为主,形貌呈树枝状,同时相邻二次裂纹之间有竞争生长的关系.     

金属半球壳压缩力学性能实验和模拟研究

金属空心球结构是一种新型的多孔金属材料,对金属半球壳压缩力学性能的研究是研究整体材料力学性能的基础。通过一系列准静态压缩实验,研究了金属半球壳受刚性球、刚性平板及三种不同截面积的刚性圆柱压缩下的变形形貌及屈服极限、弹性模量等力学性能,分析了球壳受不同压头压缩时的变形规律。通过建立与实验对应的数值模型,对金属半球壳进行了压缩数值模拟,分析了其力学性能。研究表明:金属半球壳的屈服极限和弹性模量均与平面压头的截面积无关,屈曲应力则随刚性圆柱形压头截面积增大而增大,半球壳压缩吸能性能随压头面积减小而降低。     

新的估算表面裂纹应力强度因子经验公式

该文给出了新的估算拉伸和纯弯曲载荷下表面裂纹应力强度因子的经验公式。根据疲劳裂纹扩展的数值模拟结果确定强度因子分布函数;利用按已知应力强度因子分布函数求裂纹形状及相应应力强度因子的方法计算给定尺寸的表面裂纹的应力强度因子;通过对数值结果的曲线回归得到估算表面裂纹应力强度因子经验公式。利用该公式对有限厚度和宽度平板内表面裂纹的应力强度因子进行了估算,并与已知的半椭圆形表面裂纹的应力强度因子解进行了比较。该文结果为估算表面裂纹应力强度因子提供了一种新的途径。     

含界面边裂纹压电材料反平面问题的应力强度因子

研究了含界面边裂纹的不同压电介质组成的复合材料在反平面荷载和平面内电场作用下的电弹场,得到了级数形式的基本解和应力强度因子,最后用边界配置法求解了应力强度因子。结果表明,在外加剪切荷载的作用下,应力强度因子与外加电场无关。     

倾斜应力作用下垂直于功能梯度材料夹层的币型裂纹扩展问题

分析了功能梯度材料中币型裂纹扩展问题。该裂纹体受有与裂纹面成任意角度的张应力或压应力,裂纹垂直于无限域中功能梯度材料夹层。假定非均匀介质的功能梯度材料夹层与两个半无限域完全结合,其弹性模量沿厚度方向变化。利用已发表的裂纹应力强度因子数据和线弹性断裂力学的叠加原理,将应力强度因子耦合于最小应变能密度因子断裂判据,讨论了裂纹扩展的临界荷载;并讨论了荷载方向和材料性质对临界荷载的影响。     

拉伸环向周期裂纹管的应力强度因子

利用裂纹非自发扩展的能量释放率,即G*-积分理论分析求解了拉伸周期裂纹管应力强度因子问题,给出了周期裂纹管应力强度因子的系列解答。该解亦可作为开裂曲板应力强度因子的近似解。     

含周期性裂纹正交各向异性板平面问题的应力场分析

通过引入适当的Westergaard应力函数,采用复变函数方法和待定系数法对含周期性裂纹正交各向异性纤维增强复合材料板的Ⅰ 型、Ⅱ型问题中裂纹尖端附近的应力场进行了力学分析。在远处对称载荷与斜对称载荷作用下,先给出Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型问题在裂纹尖端处的应力强度因子,然后导出用应力强度因子表示的Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型裂纹问题应力场的解析表达式。此外,应力场大小与材料常数有关,这是正交各向异性材料不同于各向同性材料的特征。由于裂纹的周期分布,应力强度因子的大小取决于形状因子。结果表明,形状因子随着裂纹长度的增加而增大,随着裂纹间距的增大而逐渐下降,当裂纹间距趋于无穷大时,退化为含单个中心裂纹正交各向异性纤维增强复合材料板的结果。      

Superficial Plastic Response Determination of Hard Isotropic Materials Using Ball Indentations and a FEM Optimization Technique

This article introduces a novel method for determining the superficial relation between stresses and elastoplastic strains for hard and commonly brittle isotropic materials. An experimental-computational procedure is developed based on a finite element method simulation of successive ball indentations with increasing loads onto machine elements, which are in their final geometry and heat treatment. The imprint profiles, measured by means of profilometry, are used as input data to a finite element method-supported optimization algorithm. The goal of the optimization procedure is to determine the constitutive stress strain curve, expressed as a multilinear hardening law. The proposed method yields superficial plastic properties accurately, extending forward already existing models that determine bulk-flow material data using ball indentations. The developed procedure is demonstrated with the aid of 100Cr6 through hardened bearing steel, annealed at different temperatures.     

Extracting uniaxial responses of single crystals from sharp and spherical hardness measurements

This investigation provides a mechanistic background to mechanical property extractions performed from single-crystal microhardness measurements. The analysis concerns both spherical and sharp (pyramidal) indentations. We show that the uniaxial stress–strain curves inferred from hardness measurements in single crystalline units of material are coincidental with those attained under true uniaxial loadings along specific crystalline orientations. Landmark hardness relations that were originally developed for power-law strain hardening polycrystalline aggregates are extended to single-crystal indentations. Mechanical property extractions in crystals violating power-law hardening because of a marked critical resolved shear stress and/or extreme strain hardening saturation are subsequently addressed. The analysis is pertinent to the assessment of multiple-glide deformation stage-II and strain hardening saturation stage-III of cubic single crystals from indentation experiments.     

Evaluating mixed-mode stress intensity factors from full-field displacement fields obtained by optical methods

A method for evaluating mode I, mode II and mixed-mode stress intensity factors from in-plane displacement fields using the method of nonlinear least-squares is proposed in this paper. Along with stress intensity factors, crack tip location and rigid body displacement components are determined simultaneously from both displacement components obtained using full-field optical methods or numerical methods. The effectiveness is validated by applying the proposed method to mixed-mode displacement fields obtained through digital image correlation, displacement fields obtained by analysis using elasto-plastic finite element method, and displacement fields around a fatigue crack obtained by electronic speckle pattern interferometry. Results show that the proposed method can extract stress intensity factors from the displacement fields both accurately and easily. Furthermore, they can be determined even if the material at a crack tip exhibits small-scale yielding. It is expected that the proposed method is applicable to various fracture problems during experimental and numerical evaluation of structural components.     

Role of plasticity on interface crack initiation from a free edge and propagation in a nano-component

In order to elucidate the role of plasticity on interface crack initiation from a free edge and crack propagation in a nano-component, delamination experiments were conducted by a proposed nano-cantilever bend method using a specimen consisting of ductile Cu and brittle Si and by a modified four-point bend method. The stress fields along the Cu/Si interface at the critical loads of crack initiation and crack propagation were analyzed by the finite element method. The results reveal that intensified elastic stresses in the vicinity of the interface edge and the crack tip are very different, although the Cu/Si interface is identical in both experiments. The plasticity of Cu was then estimated on the basis of the nano-cantilever deflection measured by in situ transmission electron microscopy. The plasticity affects the stress fields; the normal stress near the interface edge is intensified while that near the crack tip is much reduced. Both the elasto-plastic stresses are close to each other in the region of about 10 nm. This suggests that the local interface fracture, namely, the crack initiation at the interface edge and the crack propagation along the interface, is governed by elasto-plastic normal stress on the order of 10 nm.     

A superposition approach to the stress fields for various blunt V‐notches

This paper deals with the problems of blunt V‐notch with various notch shapes. The purpose is to develop a new method capable of obtaining more accurate solutions for the stress fields around a blunt V‐notch tip under opening and sliding modes. The key method is to use the principle of superposition for linear elastic materials. On the basis of the superposition method and the conventional stress fields for a sharp V‐notch, the stress fields useful for any shapes of blunt V‐notch is proposed. The notch stress intensity factors are estimated by the numerical analysis with finite element analysis, and then the effectiveness and validation of the proposed superposition approach are discussed by comparison with the results from the literature.     

Micromechanics of crack nucleation during indentations

An analysis for the nucleation of microcracks from the inhomogeneous flow lines in soda-lime glass under Vickers indentations is considered. The minimum loads for crack nucleation are shown to depend on the hardness,H, and the critical stress intensity factor,K _IC. Unlike the Lawn and Evans analysis, the present model does not require the presence of any fortuitous flaws of critical dimensions in the material, since the flaws are nucleated by the deformation in the deformed zone.     

Determination of the critical plane by a weight-function method based on the maximum shear stress plane under multiaxial high-cycle loading

A weight function method for the determination of the critical plane is here proposed for the case of specimens under combined bending and torsion in the high cycle fatigue regime. The critical plane is assumed to be coincident with the mean maximum absolute shear stress plane, which is calculated by averaging the instantaneous angle between the specimen axis and the normal to the maximum absolute shear stress plane. Two kinds of weight functions are proposed to determine such a plane. The proposed method to determine the critical plane is verified by employing fatigue data available in the literature in terms of experimental fracture planes, and the multiaxial fatigue life is also predicted by a reformulation of the criterion proposed by Carpinteri et al. to verify the determined critical plane. The results show that the proposed method can be applied to determine the critical plane under both constant and variable amplitude loading.     

Numerical analysis of brittle materials fractured by sharp indenters

Indentation can be used to determine the fracture properties of materials. A detailed investigation is here presented on the reliability of finite element simulations of sharp indentations on cracked specimens. Elastic analyses of the stress and deformation fields arising from Vickers, Berkovich and cube-corner indenters generated the stress intensity factor along the edge of penny-shaped or elliptical cracks. Various materials with a range of properties were analysed and the results compared with published experimental data. Additional measurements from tests on soda-lime glass provided further opportunities for experimental validation of numerical predictions. The variation of the stress intensity factor indicated trends for crack growth patterns, which were consistent with experimental observations. Particular attention was given to the evaluation of the geometry-dependent parameter appearing in the relation yielding the fracture toughness of cracked indented materials. The numerical predictions of this parameter were remarkably consistent with experimental data and results from other approximate methods.     

Micromechanical modeling of local field distribution for a planar composite under plastic deformation

Summary Due to statistical distribution of local material property, local stress and strain fields in a composite are random in nature. Classical micromechanical methods can only predict the average value of these local fields in different phases. An analytical method, which combines the maximum entropy theory and secant moduli method, is proposed in this paper. The distribution of the local field for a planar composite with plastic deformation is examined by the proposed method. The results show that with increase of plastic deformation the stress field in the matrix becomes more and more inhomogeneous. The predicted results on the stress distribution are in reasonable agreement with finite element simulation. Some salient features near the elastic and plastic deformation transition revealed by finite element simulation are also discussed.     

Method for assessment of the residual life of turbine disks

A method for assessment the durability of turbine disks at the stages of damage removing and development subject to structural and technological changes is developed on the basis of the nonlinear mechanics of deformation and fracture. The proposed method includes numerical analysis of the stressdeformed condition of disks in the initial and damaged states, determination of stress and strain fields in the zones of cutting of the damaged material volume, and calculation of low-cycle fatigue and the duration of crack growth from initial to critical sizes. The theory of the developed method is the concept of a fracture process zone. The method is used for comparative evaluation of stress-deformed conditions and durability parameters for options of changing the geometry of a steam turbine disk by removing the damaged material around slot fillet of key.