离散Marching Cubes算法在骨科手术模拟系统的应用

为保证模型相对准确和满足模拟手术过程中三维交互的实时性要求,手术模拟系统要求在保持模型拓扑结构的前提下简化模型。该文详细介绍了离散MarchingCubes(DiscMC)算法及其实现,在实现过程中使用查表法,解决了二义性问题,提高了程序的运行效率。实验表明,DiscMC算法在保持模型的拓扑结构基础上大幅度减少了三角面片数目,缩减比例达66%。DiscMC算法作为计算机模拟骨科手术系统的三维表面模型重构和简化算法是合适的。     

基于三维纹理的实时流体模拟

本文描述了一种利用基于Open GL三维纹理实现的直接体绘制方式显示流体模拟结果的方法。以JosStam的二维流体模拟模型为基础，扩展出三维流体模拟的模型；然后通过将密度场映射到三维纹理空间，实现实时的显示；并通过引入全局光照模型，得到真实感的渲染效果。最后通过与粒子系统进行对比，分析了本方法的显示效果优势。     

基于粒子系统的雪景模拟算法研究与实现

文章在分析粒子系统建模方法的基础上,给出了一种雪粒子模型,该模型对雪的物理模型进行了适当简化：通过控制雪粒子的大小、形状、密度（数量）来实现雪强度的模拟;通过控制雪粒子的运动来模拟风对雪的影响,并对雪粒子的产生域进行了讨论,使其满足视点运动的要求。实践表明,该粒子系统模型可在复杂的三维场景中实时地模拟降雪现象,仿真效果逼真。     

虚拟场景中的实时降雪模拟

降雪是一种重要的自然现象,对降雪的模拟可以大大提高虚拟场景的逼真度。文中在分析粒子系统建模方法的基础上,给出了一种雪粒子模型,该模型对雪的物理模型进行了适当简化:通过控制雪粒子的大小、形状、密度(数量)来实现雪强度的模拟;通过控制雪粒子的运动来模拟风对雪的影响,并对雪粒子的产生域进行了讨论,使其满足视点运动的要求。实践表明,该粒子系统模型可在复杂的三维场景中实时地模拟降雪现象,仿真效果逼真。     

用离散模型模拟多孔介质气固相反应过程的C++实现

多孔介质的气固相反应模拟可分为连续模型和离散模型。离散模型形式简单,不需要求解复杂的偏微分方程组,容易在计算机上实现。但通常离散模型计算量较大,对计算机的运算速度和存储量有一定要求。本文利用C 语言建立了模拟程序,利用C 语言的容器类型变量可以对向量数据进行灵活高效的处理。本文建立了离散网络类,封装了网络构成、网络标注及反应过程总网络变化的算法。该程序能够快速处理多种联接形式的二维或三维网络。利用该模型计算了化学反应控制的多孔介质气固相反应过程的反应速率与转化率的关系,与文献报道的实验结果趋势吻合。     

虚拟场景中的实时降雪模拟

降雪是一种重要的自然现象，对降雪的模拟可以大大提高虚拟场景的逼真度。文中在分析粒子系统建模方法的基础上，给出了一种雪粒子模型，该模型对雪的物理模型进行了适当简化：通过控制雪粒子的大小、形状、密度（数量）来实现雪强度的模拟；通过控制雪粒子的运动来模拟风对雪的影响，并对雪粒子的产生域进行了讨论，使其满足视点运动的要求。实践表明，该粒子系统模型可在复杂的三维场景中实时地模拟降雪现象，仿真效果逼真。     

LBGK模型的分布式并行算法及实现

在计算流体力学领域中,由于流场求解的复杂性,设计出高效的并行算法成为了流场并行化计算的研究重点.以格子Boltzmann方法的理论应用为研究背景,把并行思想和格子Boltzmann方法在模拟流体流动中的计算问题结合起来,讨论了格子Boitzmann方法LBGK D2Q9模型的计算过程和计算特点.研究并实现了LBGK模型的分布式并行算法,并在自强3000上进行了算法的并行性能的分析和测试.结果表明,格子Boltzmann方法LBGKD2Q9模型适合大规模的并行计算,能提高计算的精度和速度,解决复杂流场计算问题.     

一种小邻域运动约束估计的三维织物模拟算法

使用传统的三维织物模拟方法时,受织物运动状态随机性的影响,织物模拟三维坐标在运动过程中会发生错位,运动状态的突变会大幅增加织物运动过程中的参数三维运动随机性,使得织物的三维坐标发生小邻域内的突变,三维织物真实感的模拟效果不够逼真。为了解决这一问题,提出一种小邻域运动约束估计的三维织物模拟算法,即从织物组织的运动状态参数估计出发,对织物在运动中变形和方向随机性进行一定的区域约束,运用运动模型和约束对织物的运动范围进行区域限定,实现对三维织物的真实计算机模拟。实验表明,该方法能够实现真实的三维织物模拟,真实度较高。     

基于OpenGL与粒子系统实现三维喷泉模拟

喷泉、瀑布、火焰、水流、雨、雪等自然景物具有不规则性、动态性和随机性,模拟十分复杂。模拟自然景物的方法有两种:基于物理建模技术的方法与基于粒子系统建模的方法。运用粒子系统建模方法分析了喷泉水体模型,研究了喷泉水珠粒子产生、运动和消亡的机理,构建出三维喷泉粒子系统模型。采用了三维立体显示技术和纹理映射技术增强喷泉绘制过程中的渲染和真实感。基于OpenGL,采用Visual C++6.0编程实现了三维喷泉模拟。实验结果表明,该方法模拟效果真实,在普通的PC平台上即可满足一般动画的实时需求。     

离散模拟的粒子-边界作用模型

粒子-边界作用模型是粒子模拟中非常重要的一类边界条件,主要包括镜面反射、回弹反射和热边界等.本文详细介绍了这几类边界条件,重点分析讨论了几种模型中涉及的Maxwell分布和偏Maxwell分布以及它们在计算机模拟中的实现方式,并用硬球对流体做了模拟测试.模拟结果表明,对于热平衡状态下的流体,壁面反射粒子速度用Maxwell分布模拟的流体温度比边界要低,二维情况下只有壁面温度的约0.70,三维情况下则约为0.77.并且流体温度不是处处相等,靠近壁面处比其他地方要显得更低,而用偏Maxwell分布模拟的流体状态则与实际情形吻合的很好.     

Application of lattice Boltzmann method in free surface flow simulation of micro injection molding

The filling flow in micro injection molding was simulated by using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). A tracking algorithm for free surface to handle the complex interaction between gas and liquid phases in LBM was used for the free surface advancement. The temperature field in the filling flow is also analyzed by combining the thermal lattice Boltzmann model and the free surface method. To simulate the fluid flow of polymer melt with a high Prandtl number and high viscosity, a modified lattice Boltzmann scheme was adopted by introducing a free parameter in the thermal diffusion equation to overcome the restriction of the thermal relaxation time. The filling flow simulation of micro injection molding was successfully performed in the study.     

Lattice Boltzmann modeling of microchannel flows in the transition flow regime

Owing to its kinetic nature and distinctive computational features, the lattice Boltzmann method for simulating rarefied gas flows has attracted significant research interest in recent years. In this article, a lattice Boltzmann (LB) model is presented to study microchannel flows in the transition flow regime, which have gained much attention because of fundamental scientific issues and technological applications in various micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) devices. In the model, a Bosanquet-type effective viscosity is used to account for the rarefaction effect on gas viscosity. To match the introduced effective viscosity and to gain an accurate simulation, a modified second-order slip boundary condition with a new set of slip coefficients is proposed. Numerical investigations demonstrate that the results, including the velocity profile, the non-linear pressure distribution along the channel, and the mass flow rate, are in good agreement with the solution of the linearized Boltzmann equation, the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) results, and the experimental results over a broad range of Knudsen numbers. It is shown that taking the rarefaction effect on gas viscosity into consideration and employing an appropriate slip boundary condition can lead to a significant improvement in the modeling of rarefied gas flows with moderate Knudsen numbers in the transition flow regime.     

The Lattice-boltzmann method for simulating gaseous phenomena

We present a physically-based, yet fast and simple method to simulate gaseous phenomena. In our approach, the incompressible Navier-Stokes (NS) equations governing fluid motion have been modeled in a novel way to achieve a realistic animation. We introduce the lattice Boltzmann model (LBM), which simulates the microscopic movement of fluid particles by linear and local rules on a grid of cells so that the macroscopic averaged properties obey the desired NS equations. The LBM is defined on a 2D or 3D discrete lattice, which is used to solve fluid animation based on different boundary conditions. The LBM simulation generates, in real-time, an accurate velocity field and can incorporate an optional temperature field to account for the buoyancy force of hot gas. Because of the linear and regular operations in each local cell of the LBM grid, we implement the computation in commodity texture hardware, further improving the simulation speed. Finally, textured splats are used to add small scale turbulent details, achieving high-quality real-time rendering. Our method can also simulate the physically correct action of stationary or mobile obstacles on gaseous phenomena in real-time, while still maintaining highly plausible visual details.     

Analysis of single droplet dynamics on striped surface domains using a lattice Boltzmann method

In this paper, the behavior of a micron-scale fluid droplet on a heterogeneous surface is investigated using a two-phase lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The two-phase LBM permits the simulation of the time dependent three-dimensional motion of a liquid droplet on solid surface patterned with hydrophobic and hydrophilic strips. A nearest-neighbor molecular interaction force is used to model the adhesive forces between the fluid and solid walls. The solid heterogeneous wall is a uniform hydrophilic substrate painted with hydrophobic strips. The model is validated by demonstrating the consistency of the simulation results with an exact solution for capillary rise and through qualitative comparison of computed dynamic contact line behavior with experimentally measured surface properties and observed surface shapes of a droplet on a heterogeneous surface. The dependence of spreading behavior on wettability, the width of hydrophobic strip, initial location of the droplet relative to the strips, and gravity is investigated. A decrease in contact angle of the liquid on a hydrophilic surface may lead to breakup of the droplet for certain substrate patterns. The simulations suggest that the present lattice Boltzmann (LB) model can be used as a reliable way to study fluidic control on heterogeneous surfaces and other wetting related subjects.     

A thermal lattice Boltzmann model with diffuse scattering boundary condition for micro thermal flows

A lattice Boltzmann model for simulating isothermal micro flows has been proposed by us recently [Niu XD, Chew YT, Shu C. A lattice Boltzmann BGK model for simulation of micro flows. Europhys Lett 2004;67(4):600]. In this paper, we extend the model to simulate the micro thermal flows. In particular, the thermal lattice Boltzmann equation (TLBE) [He X, Chen S, Doolen GD. A novel thermal model for the lattice Boltzmann method in incompressible limit. J Comput Phys 1998;146:282] is used with modification of the relaxation times linking to the Knudsen number. The diffuse scattering boundary condition (DSBC) derived in our early model is extended to consider temperature jump at wall boundaries. Simple theoretical analyses of the DSBC are presented and the results are found to be consistent with the conventional velocity slip and temperature jump boundary conditions. Numerical validations are carried out by simulating two-dimensional thermal Couette flows and developing thermal flows in a microchannel, and the obtained results are found to be in good agreement with those given from the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC), the molecular dynamics (MD) approaches and the Maxwell theoretical prediction.     

Simulation of floating bodies with the lattice Boltzmann method

This paper is devoted to the simulation of floating rigid bodies in free surface flows. For that, a lattice Boltzmann based model for liquid–gas–solid flows is presented. The approach is built upon previous work for the simulation of liquid–solid particle suspensions on the one hand, and on an interface-capturing technique for liquid–gas free surface flows on the other. The incompressible liquid flow is approximated by a lattice Boltzmann scheme, while the dynamics of the compressible gas are neglected. We show how the particle model and the interface capturing technique can be combined by a novel set of dynamic cell conversion rules. We also evaluate the behaviour of the free surface–particle interaction in simulations. One test case is the rotational stability of non-spherical rigid bodies floating on a plane water surface–a classical hydrostatic problem known from naval architecture. We show the consistency of our method in this kind of flows and obtain convergence towards the ideal solution for the heeling stability of a floating box.     

Direct simulation of sound and underwater sound generated by a water drop hitting a water surface using the finite difference lattice Boltzmann method

The sound and underwater sound emitted from a water drop colliding with a water surface are simulated by a new model of the finite difference lattice Boltzmann method. The two-particle immiscible fluid model is modified to simulate sound in the gas phase and underwater simultaneously. In the very early stage after the collision, sounds propagating into the gas and liquid phases are successively detected, and the effects of drop shape and gas bubbles are also observed.     

国画水墨扩散的LBE计算机模拟

为了满足人们在美工设计中对计算机国画艺术效果仿真的需求,研究和分析了水墨扩散LBE(lattice Boltzmann equation,网格波尔兹曼)算法,提出运用亮度决定水粒子的初始分布,用CMY粒子进行扩散模拟.通过对LBE算法进一步推导而提出疑问,并对扩散及受阻方程进行修正.使用Wintab 1.1压感设备接口完成用户压感数据的读取,借助图像处理函数库IPL98 2.0进行扩散实验数据结构和实验流程设计,实现了国画水墨扩散效果的模拟,证明了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

Numerical investigation of heat transfer enhancement by carbon nano fibers deposited on a flat plate

Numerical simulations of flow and heat transfer have been performed for flow over a plate surface covered with carbon nano fibers (CNFs). The CNFs influence on fluid flow and heat transfer has been investigated. Firstly, a stochastic model for CNFs deposition has been explained. Secondly, the lattice Boltzmann model for simulating fluid flow and heat transfer is described. Finally, results from calculations for the heat transfer are presented. The results show substantial heat transfer enhancement for a densely covered surface with CNFs of varying length. From a detailed analysis of the results it is concluded that the enhancement is caused by boundary layer regeneration.