一种基于自偏置技术的低功耗锁相环设计

采用TSMC 0.13 μm CMOS工艺,设计并实现了一种低功耗、具有固定的环路带宽与工作频率之比,以及良好相位噪声性能的自偏置锁相环(PLL)芯片电路。仿真结果表明,该PLL电路工作频率范围为200~800 MHz,在480 MHz输出频率的相位噪声为-108 dBc@1 MHz,1.2 V电源供电下消耗功耗2 mW。芯片核心电路面积仅为0.15 mm²,非常适合应用于系统集成。     

一种自适应带宽低抖动PLL设计

设计了一种宽调节范围自适应带宽的低抖动锁相环倍频器(PLL)。通过采用自偏置技术,使得电荷泵电流和运算放大器的输出阻抗随工作频率成比例变化,从而使阻尼因子保持固定、环路带宽跟随输入参考频率自动调整,以及PLL在整个输出频率范围内保持最佳的抖动性能。电路采用SMIC 0.18 μm CMOS工艺进行设计,后仿真验证表明,该PLL电路能够在0.35~2.1 GHz的输出频率范围内输出良好的低抖动信号,输出频率为2.1 GHz时,均方根抖动为2.47 ps。     

一种用于LVDS驱动器的PLL时钟倍频器的设计

设计了一个结构新颖的3.5倍频锁相环(PLL)倍频器,该电路应用自适应电荷泵和压控振荡器工作频率范围复用技术,调整环路带宽,减小压控振荡器的工作范围.采用1st Silicon 0.25 μm CMOS混合信号工艺仿真.结果表明,PLL倍频器具有较低的噪声和较高的捕获速度.     

基于DDS 与PLL 的C 波段宽带线性扫频源

利用直接数字频率合成(DDS)和锁相环(PLL)技术相结合的混合频率合成方案,研制了一种C波段宽带、高频率分辨率、快速线性扫频的频率源。为了给PLL 提供低相位噪声的宽带扫频参考信号,选用ADI 的DDS芯片AD9914,并利用阶跃恢复二极管(SRD)高次倍频电路结合二倍频器产生高达3400 MHz 的时钟信号。通过上位机配置AD9914 内部频率调谐字和数字斜坡发生器,产生512.5-987.5MHz 的扫频参考信号,其频率分辨率可精细到赫兹量级。选用低附加噪声的鉴相器和宽带VCO 芯片设计C 波段锁相源,在宽带工作频率范围内对DDS 扫频信号进行快速跟踪,并有效抑制杂散信号。实测结果表明,该扫频源工作频率为4. 1- 7. 9 GHz,在频率分辨率配置为0. 38 MHz 时,单向扫频周期为1 ms,扫频线性度为1. 58×10-6 。单频点输出时相位噪声优于-114 dBc/ Hz@ 10 kHz和-119 dBc/ Hz@ 100 kHz,杂散抑制优于69 dBc。     

一种通用宽带FM解调电路的设计

实现了一款可用于卫星接收系统中频段电视信号的解调电路.该芯片的设计基于BiC-MOS工艺.采用5 V电源电压供电,利用单片锁相环(PLL)实现宽带FM解调,外围器件只包括本地振荡维持网络和环路反馈元件,PLL工作频率可达800 MHz.芯片内部还集成了自动增益控制(AGC)、模拟自动频率控制(AFC)模块.该芯片具有较高的信号接收灵敏度.     

超声波焊接机频率跟踪控制的一种方法

用检相法测试出换能器输出电压和电流相位差的值和滞后/超前情况作为超声波焊接机工作频率调整信号,通过磁饱和原理和数字电位器改变线圈电场强度来改变其电感值(即改变电路工作频率)从而跟踪控制频率使电路回到谐振状态.本文讲述了频率控制原理,给出了实现电路和测试数据,证明了此方法是可行的.     

AT89C2051控制LMX2332的频率合成器

LMX2332是美国国家半导体公司生产的集成数字锁相环(PLL)电路。文章介绍了利用单片机AT89C2051控制数字锁相环LMX2332及压控振荡器JTOS -150实现低噪声频率源的方法 ,该方法可通过改变AT89C2051的程序得到不同频率的信号。     

一种新颖的星载宽带频率源设计

针对应用于复杂空间环境的宽带接收机的需求,提出了一种新颖的频率源设计方案.采用锁相环(PLL)和倍频电路实现宽带频综,采用直接数字频率合成器(DDS)实现窄带细步进频综.给出了频率源的详细设计思路、实现方法及可靠性设计的相关内容,实测结果表明所设计的频率源各项指标均满足要求.     

基于TSPC的4/5双模前置分频器设计

针对无线传感网络对射频电路高速、低功耗方面日益增长的性能要求,设计了一款用于高频锁相环中的高速、低功耗4/5双模前置分频器。在分析真单相时钟(TSPC)电路工作原理的基础上,指出了该电路结构存在的两个主要缺点,并结合器件工艺和物理给出了相应的版图优化解决方法。然后,采用SMIC 0.18μm标准CMOS工艺,设计了一款基于这种改进后的真单相时钟电路的集成4/5双模前置分频器。在版图优化设计后利用Cadence Spectre进行了后仿真验证,结果表明,在直流电源电压1.8 V时,该4/5双模前置分频器的最高工作频率可达到3.4 GHz,总功耗仅有0.80 mW。该4/5双模前置分频器的最低输入幅值为0.2 V时,工作频率范围为20 MHz~2.5 GHz,能够满足面向无线传感网络应用的锁相环(PLL)的高速、低功耗性能要求。     

一种基于PLL同步的循环周期脉冲信号计量方法

详细分析了循环周期脉冲信号异步测量方法的计量误差,指出了影响测控系统计量精度的主要原因,提出了基于锁相环(PLL)同步的新方法。该方法能有效消除测控系统的计量误差随传感器工作状态变化的因素,在PLL内部计数频率高于系统CPU工作频率的情况下,可以有效提高系统的计量精度,同时,可以自动实现传感器测量信号的归一化运算,避免CPU的除法运算负担,从而有效提高测控系统的实时性。最后给出了具体应用PLL同步计量方法的实用测量接口电路。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks     

Call for Papers—Feature Topic,Vol.12,No.7,2015

正Information Centric Networking Information-Centric Networking(ICN) is an emerging direction in Future Internet architecture research,gaining significant tractions among academia and industry.Aiming to replace the conventional host-to-host communication model by a data-centric model,ICN treats data content as the first