基于示功图抽油机自适应平衡调整的研究

抽油机准确的平衡配重不仅可以降低能耗,实现平衡节能,而且能够延长抽油机设备的使用寿命。以新型数字化抽油机作为研究对象,提出一种基于示功图分析的平衡调节方法,通过确定当抽油机处于平衡状态时,平衡配重与原状态的平衡半径差,得出平衡半径的调整量;分析、判断和计算数字化抽油机平衡配重的调整方向与调整量。基于示功图分析的平衡调整方法能够为示功图和抽油机的平衡配重调整之间搭建起一座桥梁,从而实现了抽油机不同冲次间配重精准的平衡调整。     

煤层气井抽油机工况智能预测系统开发

抽油机工况智能预测系统采用人模式识别技术,根据示功图样本库来对采集到的抽油机示功图进行分类,以此来判断抽油机的工况。实现了软件自动诊断工况,同时达到了提前预警的目的。     

Delphi在抽油机示功图绘制中的应用

介绍了示功图数据的传输以及对数据的处理方法、Delphi中绘图控件的使用,并对绘制出的示功图做出分析,这为提高抽油机效率、诊断抽油机故障以及选择合理的采油工作制度提供了依据。     

抽油机智能间抽节能控制系统研究

为稳定产量、降低能耗、提高系统效率和减少抽油机的维修费用,设计了一种抽油机智能间抽节能控制系统,以控制抽油机合理间抽为主要任务,即采用多种传感器采集油井信息,通过微处理器对抽油机井动态供液状况进行判断,同时结合新型的油井生产供排关系理论和液面变化规律,动态的选取抽油机的间抽标准和启停时间,运用对比优化的方法,更加有效地控制抽油机的启停,经过实验测试,达到了节约能源和智能化控制目的。     

基于ARM的抽油机变频器功能扩展和通讯控制器设计

为了解决抽油机变频器测控功能单一,通信串口不足的问题,设计一种基于ARM处理器的抽油机变频器功能扩展和通讯控制器,并给出了控制器软硬件的详细设计。该控制器能够协调监控中心与变频器、ZigBee等设备间的通讯,使用串口的DMA方式进行数据收发。通过ZigBee模块进行示功图数据的采集上传,采用单个接近开关和计算下冲程时间实现抽油机上、下冲程运行频率的实时切换。现场测试结果表明:该控制器通信稳定可靠,功能扩展方便,能够有效减少油田无线监控系统的建设成本。     

基于主成分分析方法的示功图故障诊断系统

示功图是一种判断抽油机工作状况的重要途径,本文基于电参数法产生间接示功图,并验证主成分分析在间接示功图应用上的可行性,阐述了主成分分析的实现方法,实现了基于主成分分析方法的示功图故障诊断。     

基于全局与局部特征结合的抽油机故障诊断

为了准确及时地判断抽油机故障位置，改变低效的人工故障诊断模式，提出了一种基于马田系统的抽油机故障识别方法。首先，分析示功图的几何特征和形状特征；其次，利用全局与局部特征相结合的方式，对示功图进行特征提取；然后，以马氏距离作为度量指标，通过构建和修正特征子集，筛选出各故障的敏感特征变量；最后，建立多分类马田系统实现故障识别，并与传统人工识别方法对比，以克拉玛依石西作业区的油井数据为例，验证方法的可行性和有效性。     

抽油机示功图特征与泵效关系研究

抽油机地面示功图包含了有杆抽油系统运行状况的丰富信息,不同的井下工况会对地面示功图的形状特征产生较大影响。地面示功图面积及形心变化规律与泵效可能存在映射规律,通过对多个算例的深入研究,总结出地面示功图面积及形心位置与泵效相互关系的经验公式,依据地面示功图面积及示功图形心的位置变化,可判断出不同冲次下泵效的变化规律。     

抽油机井监控与节能

实时采集抽油机井负荷和位移等参数,通过示功图分析抽油机井工作状况,计算产液量,了解油井的地质情况,调整抽油机工作状态,对于低产井,可以实现间隙抽油控制,达到节能的目的。本文重点介绍示功图方法、抽油机监控器及节能技术。     

曳引式抽油机配重选取及运动控制

曳引式抽油机是一种新型机电一体化、高效节能的采油设备。通过对曳引式抽油机的工作状况的分析,发现其配重系的准确评估是钢丝绳、减速器、电机等关键零部件选取的关键。对新型曳引式抽油机的受载情况进行了系统分析,研究了悬点载荷的构成,确定了悬点载荷的计算方法,并给出了示功图。并对曳引式抽油机配重系统、起停转换过程及变频调速等关键技术问题进行探讨,保证了安全配重,并产生了良好的节能效果。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.