环境干湿球温度对空调器性能影响的试验研究

在一款整机型号为KFR-90WT1-520的某品牌空调器上,进行了环境干湿球温度对空调器性能影响的试验,得出了相应的试验结果与试验曲线。结果表明,空调器的性能受室外干球温度和室内湿球温度的影响,室内侧湿球温度和室外侧干球温度的变化对空调器运行性能影响较大,而室内侧干球温度和室外侧湿球温度的影响则稍小。     

室内相对湿度对空调器性能及舒适性的影响

在室外工况及室内干球温度相同,室内相对湿度不同的条件下,实验分析空调器的性能参数的变化情况。实验结果表明,室内相对湿度对空调器的能效比几乎没有影响,但相对湿度较低时空调器的出风温度也较低,相对湿度与温度合理耦合可以实现同等热舒适条件下快速制冷且降低空调器能耗的目的。     

空气源热泵双回路旁通除霜控制策略的试验研究

为了改善空气源热泵除霜工况下的制热性能,对双回路旁通除霜技术及其控制策略进行试验研究。在室外空气温度1℃,-5℃,-10℃及100%相对湿度条件下,对采用双回路旁通除霜技术的一台2 hp家用分体式空调器进行测试,并与采用四通阀换向除霜方式下的除霜/制热性能进行对比。结果表明,整个结霜除霜周期能够保持良好的制热性能和除霜性能,在3种工况下的最低送风温度分别为37. 9℃,34. 8℃和34. 6℃,均不低于正常制热的送风温度,采用双回路旁通除霜技术可以在除霜过程中保持室内机连续供热运行。     

变频空调器低温制热性能的改善

为提高变频空调器的低温制热性能,通过试验和数据分析,对除霜及电子膨胀阀控制进行优化,改善被测空调器在室外低温、高湿工况下制热运行出现的除霜频繁问题及在室外低温、低湿工况下制热运行出现的无霜除霜问题,并将空调器在室外低温、高湿工况下自由温升达到设定温度的时间缩短50%,改善效果明显。     

基于中间补气压缩机的地暖系统制热性能实验研究

本文将中间补气涡旋式压缩机应用于地暖制热系统,以解决地暖制热系统在低温环境下制热性能不佳、机组运行不稳定等问题,并建立补气地暖样机实验系统,研究了在不同运行工况下中间补气地暖系统的压缩机排气温度、制热量、功耗及制热COP等参数,分析了中间补气地暖系统制热性能与常规热泵制热性能之间的关系。实验结果表明:当环境温度处于-20~7℃之间时,带中间补气系统的地暖机组的制热量相比于普通热泵平均提升约26.2%,制热COP平均提升约为8.7%,功耗仅平均增加约16%;当室外环境温度为-20℃时,压缩机排气温度降低了12℃。可见采用中间补气技术的地暖系统在低能耗的条件下更能满足低环境温度的需求。     

低温热源热泵空调器设计探讨

一、前言 热泵型家用空调器取暖时目前使用的环境温度范围都在-7℃以上,当环境温度进一步降低时,热泵型空调器制热能力将成线性递减,在低于-10℃时,基本上失去了制热能力。根据权威的研究报告表明热泵型家用空调器在-10℃制热时,其制热能力不够标称的50％,其室内侧冷凝温度将大大     

房间空调器季节能效比SEER试验系统的设计建造

房间空调器在实际工作过程中不断间歇启/停运行,在运行过程中由于室外气象参数的随机变化以及室内夏季冷负荷和冬季热负荷的随时改变,使得房间空调器的工作条件和运行工况不会固定不变。因此用典型标准工况(室内空气干球温度27℃、湿球温度19.5℃;室外空气干球35℃、湿球温度24℃)评价房间空调器的运行性能及能耗,就难免不尽合理。为了更加科学地进行房间空调器的     

低温空气源热泵（冷水）机组名义工况的确定研究

对低环境温度空气源热泵(冷水)机组(简称低温热泵)标准中的名义制热工况确定问题进行了研究.通过对我国寒冷地区典型城市供热季节的室外干球温度及其对应湿球温度的分布进行统计分析,确定出低温热泵空气侧的名义制热工况条件为-12℃/-13.5℃;通过对典型房间分别采用风机盘管和辐射地板进行供热时,保证室内舒适性要求的空调末端出水温度的研究,给出了水侧的名义制热工况为回水温度38℃.上述结论可为商用和户用低环境温度空气源热泵(冷水)机组的标准制定提供参考.     

蒸发器冷冻除湿特性模拟分析与优化研究

为了冷冻除湿系统更加高效运行,本文对冷冻除湿系统进行模拟计算,定量分析了除湿量与蒸发器进口风速、干球温度、相对湿度之间的关系。结果表明:在一定的进风温度和湿度情况下,随着风速的增大,除湿量先增大后减小;在进口空气的含湿量和风速一定时,随着进口空气干球温度的升高,系统的除湿量逐渐降低;进口空气干球温度在21～36℃,相对湿度在40%～85%之间变化时,进口空气湿球温度与最佳COP下对应的蒸发温度差值约为10℃;最佳制冷工况下的蒸发温度与最大除湿工况下的蒸发温度差值存在线性关系;模型值与实验值相比,误差在±10%以内。     

R417A热泵空调器运行特性分析

在焓差实验台和热泵性能测试系统中,对1台R417A热泵空调器在高/低温工况下的运行特性进行研究。通过改变蒸发器侧空气的温度、湿度等参数,测得压缩机吸/排气温度、蒸发温度、冷凝温度、制热性能系数,并用数码相机对室外侧翅片管蒸发器的结霜情况进行记录。实验数据和结果表明,在高/低温工况下,R417A热泵空调器的排气温度相对较低,制冷系统的冷凝温度、蒸发温度、制热系数和功耗在高温工况时变化不大,低温工况时,由于室外侧翅片管蒸发器结霜系统各性能变化较大,在结霜后期系统的性能有较大的衰减。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

The Influence of Nitrogen and Boron Implant into Silicon Substrate on the Phase and Internal Stress of c-BN Films

Cubic boron nitride(c-BN) film was deposited on a Si (100) substrate by the RF-magnetron sputtering.The mainly problems for fabrication of c-BN films are the low purity and high intrinsic compressive stress. In order to solve the two problems, the c-BN film with the buffer interlayer was deposited on the substrate which had been implanted with nitrogen and/or boron ions. The results show: the implantation of nitrogen ions can obviously increase c-BN content and reduce the internal stress slightly; while the implantation of boron shows no obvious improvement to the content of c-BN, which can reduce the internal stress in the film obviously. In addition, it is suggested that the implantation of nitrogen and boron shows the best result, which not only can increase the content of c-BN, but also reduce the internal stress in the c-BN film obviously.