一种带有通配符和长度约束模式匹配问题的动态剪枝算法

近年来,随着生物信息学、信息检索等领域的发展,串模式匹配问题被不断扩展.其中,具有代表性的是在模式中引入可变长度的通配符而形成带有通配符的模式匹配(PMWL).该问题定义的灵活性给用户提供了方便,却也造成了求解上的困难.因此,如何在多项式时间内得到更好的匹配解成为研究的焦点.提出了一种启发式的小兵算法.小兵算法通过将PMWL问题转化为路径搜索问题,并借鉴动态剪枝思想,在算法搜索的过程中动态地将不可能的匹配位置剪枝,从而提高解的质量.实验在真实DNA序列上进行,并人工生成了196个模式.结果表明,相比于目前最有效的SAIL算法,小兵算法在绝大多数的尾部有重复字符的模式中可以获得更好的匹配解.     

带通配符的模式匹配问题及其解空间特征分析

随着生物信息学、信息检索等领域的发展,带有通配符和长度约束的模式匹配问题引起了广泛关注。该问题扩展了精确模式匹配问题,使匹配更加灵活,同时也增加了匹配的复杂性,极大地提高了非线性匹配算法的复杂度。求解该问题的匹配算法的效率与问题的解空间密切相关,而目前针对该问题的解空间及其特征尚缺乏系统的研究。鉴于此,描述了该问题的解空间,并分析了解空间的可分性。之后,提出解空间划分算法SPLIT,并分析了SPLIT的时间复杂性。实验部分以3个匹配算法为对照,在真实DNA数据集下,使用了5109组模式。实验结果表明,SPLIT不影响匹配解的结构,且可以有效降低非线性匹配算法的时间消耗。     

基于模式匹配算法的空间属性数据挖掘仿真

当前的数据挖掘方法无法准确匹配空间属性数据的模式串与目标串,导致该方法的耗时指标和准确率指标均不够理想。为此提出基于模式匹配算法的空间属性数据挖掘方法。在模式匹配算法基础上,设计无回溯模式匹配算法,匹配模式串与目标串。通过数据准确权数和滑动窗口概念,提出弱无回溯模式匹配算法,弱化匹配要求,准确挖掘空间属性数据。通过仿真对比,上述方法的挖掘数据时间较短,挖掘准确率较高。当数据量不断增大时,所提方法仍表现出明显应用优势。     

基于通配符和长度约束的近似模式匹配算法

针对近似模式匹配算法在处理带有灵活通配符和长度约束近似模式匹配(APMWL)问题时只能解决替换操作, 提出一种基于动态规划的编辑距离矩阵(EDM)构造方法,设计了基于EDM的近似模式匹配算法APM, 可以处理近似匹配中的三种编辑操作,即插入、替换和删除操作。此外,根据文本中字符是否允许被重复使用的约束条件,设计APM-OF算法。实验结果表明,APM和APM-OF与同类算法相比具备显著的优势:与Sail_Approx匹配算法实验对比, 获取解的平均增长率分别达到8.34%和12.37%; 将APM-OF算法应用至模式挖掘中, 挖掘出的频繁近似模式个数为OneoffMining算法的2.07倍。     

带任意长度通配符的模式匹配

基因序列中,许多病毒并不是简单的直接复制自己,而是相邻字符间插入或者删除序列片段,如何从序列数据中检索这些病毒具有重要的研究价值.提出了一个更普遍的问题,带任意长度通配符的模式匹配问题(Pattern matching with arbitrary-length wildcards,PMAW),这里模式中不仅可以有多个通配符约束,而且每个通配符的约束可以是两个整数,也可以从整数到无穷大.给定序列S和带通配符的模式P,目标是从S中检索P的所有出现和每一次出现的匹配位置,并且要求任意两次出现不能共享序列中同一位置.为了有效地解决该问题,设计了两个基于位并行的匹配算法MOTW (Method of ocurrence then window)算法和MWTO (Method of window then ocurrence)算法.同时,MWTO算法进行细微改动就可以满足全局长度约束.实验结果既验证了算法求解问题的正确性,又验证了比相关的模式匹配算法具有更好的时间性能.     

基于后缀树的带有通配符的模式匹配研究

由于在生物序列分析、文本索引、网络入侵检测等领域的应用需求,带有通配符的模式匹配问题一直是研究 的热点。针对已有的研究工作中通配符和长度约束具有较强的局限性问题,研究带有灵活通配符的模式匹配问题,其 中通配符可以在模式的任意两子串间出现且可以指定灵活的长度约束。采用非线性数据结构—后缀树,设计了求 解模式所有解的完备算法PAS"I'。预处理阶段采用在线增量式算法构建具有文本先验知识的后缀树,搜索阶段结合 动态规划的思想,逐个匹配模式中字符,最终得到完备解。在基因序列上的实验表明,PAST比其他算法具有更好的 时间性能。     

基于AC自动机的多模式匹配算法FACA

Aho-Corasick自动机算法在模式匹配失配时,需要多次回溯才转移到有效的后继状态。为此,提出一种快速多模式匹配算法。该算法为每个状态建立失配时的后继指针,在模式匹配失配时,可以通过失配后继指针快速找到有效后继状态,从而避免Aho-Corasick自动机失配时的过多回溯,提高匹配效率。算法在自动机建立时采用动态规划的方法,为每个状态建立匹配长度和匹配量等信息,在模式匹配过程中,基于这些信息统计模式串在主串中的重复次数、最早出现模式串位置等信息。实验结果表明,该算法匹配精确、效率高,且支持在线操作。     

字符串匹配的保密计算

安全多方计算是密码学界研究的热点问题,保密判断字符串匹配是安全多方计算的常见问题之一,其在文本处理领域中是非常重要的一个主题.它可以用于数据处理、数据压缩、文本编辑、信息检索等多种应用中.现有含通配符的字符串保密匹配算法大多数只能实现近似匹配,且通配符的使用受个数、位置的限制,使用不灵活.本文设计了一种新的编码方法,应用该编码方法和Paillier加法同态加密算法,在半诚实模型下设计了字符串模式匹配的保密判定协议和含通配符的字符串保密匹配协议,尤其是第二个协议有一些非常理想的特征,字符串中可以包含零、一个或多个通配符,通配符可以位于字符串的任意位置,一个通配符可以代表任意数量的字符.协议可以保密地实现字符串的精确匹配,通配符的使用也很灵活.其次,由于协议是基于同态加密而不是Bloom Filter构造的,从而消除了Bloom Filter造成的误判,实现了更高水平的隐私保护.采用模拟范例证明了协议的安全性,效率分析表明所设计的协议是高效的.     

基于Delaunay三角化和谱方法的非精确点模式匹配算法

当两个要匹配的点模式不同构时,以谱方法为基础的点模式匹配算法性能较差。为了提高谱方法对非同构点模式的匹配性能,将Delaunay三角化过程与谱方法结合起来,提出了一种新的非精确点模式匹配算法。该算法为了缩小非对应点的影响范围,在Delaunay三角化的基础上定义点模式的局部结构,并通过在局部结构层次上应用谱方法找出最相似的局部结构对,然后以此为指导对两个点模式内剩下的点进行匹配。仿真实验结果表明,该算法优于现有的以谱方法为基础的点模式匹配算法。     

模式匹配算法性能测试

模式匹配算法在防火墙、入侵检测等系统中,有十分重要的应用价值.对两个经典的多模式匹配算法、六个知名的单模式精确匹配算法和一个单模式模糊匹配算法进行了性能测试,并分析了它们的特点及适用场合,为应用系统开发者选择模式匹配算法提供了有益的参考.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。