基于动力吸振器的中空轴系纵向减振研究

针对中空轴系的纵向振动,在轴系内部安置阻尼动力吸振器对其进行了减振设计。结合子结构综合法和传递矩阵法建立了附加阻尼动力吸振器复杂轴系的动力学模型,分析了阻尼动力吸振器与轴系的耦合系统在简谐激励下的动力学响应,并采用了有限元仿真,表明阻尼动力吸振器的加入使得轴系的纵向共振峰得到抑制,轴系共振频率附近的频响曲线趋于平缓。试验结果表明,附加阻尼动力吸振器后的轴系一阶纵向共振峰值下降显著,阻尼动力吸振器对轴系的纵向减振具有显著的效果。在中空轴系内部空间安装吸振器,既不占用多余的空间,又能获得较好的减振效果,可以作为船舶推进轴系纵向减振的一种新选择。     

Jeffcott裂纹转子弯扭耦合振动特性分析

以重力决定的开闭裂纹模型为研究对象，导出了固定坐标系下该模型的刚度扭阵，建立了裂纹转子弯扭耦合振动微分方程，并对转子裂纹的升速瞬态响应和影响因素进行了计算机仿真研究。结果表明：升速过程中，弯振存在1／3阶和1／2阶亚谐共振现象，扭振出现1／2阶亚谐共振；在弯扭左耦合区，出现弯扭耦合共振；在亚临界转速区，存在1X，2X和3X等倍频分量的弯振和扭振；影响弯扭耦合振动特性的因素很多，包括裂纹刚度、裂纹夹角、质量偏心和阻尼等。     

碰摩转子弯扭摆耦合振动非线性动力学特性

为进一步提高旋转轴系的安全性,研究旋转轴系弯扭摆振动耦合振动问题.推导一般意义下,考虑陀螺力矩的单盘转子弯扭摆耦合振动非线性方程,基于该方程推出不平衡转子和碰摩转子的非线性弯扭摆耦合振动方程.应用数值方法研究碰摩转子弯扭摆耦合振动相应的复杂动力学行为,研究转子转速对碰摩转子弯扭摆耦合振动的分岔和混沌行为的影响,以及扭转振动和摆动振动对弯曲振动的影响.分析结果为转子的安全运行和弯扭摆耦合振动故障的判别提供了理论依据.     

船舶液压推进系统螺旋桨负载转矩模拟研究

针对船舶液压推进实验装置模拟加载的需要,提出一种基于液压系统的双向加载负载模拟系统。采用面向系统原理建模的LMS AMESim软件搭建船舶液压推进系统仿真模型,利用Simulink仿真工具建立船桨模型,联合二者完成了船舶液压推进负载模拟整体仿真模型,仿真结果表明液压推进负载模拟系统能够较好地模拟螺旋桨的各工况的负载转矩,为下一步搭建船舶液压推进负载模拟装置提供研究基础。     

Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Axial Oil Film Stiffness of Tilting Pad Thrust Bearings

Tilting pad thrust bearings are a key component of marine propulsion shaft systems. The dynamic performance of thrust bearings has a significant influence on the propeller vibration. To investigate the axial oil film stiffness of tilting pad thrust bearings, a two-dimensional thermohydrodynamic model incorporating the vibration frequency is developed. The test apparatus and experimental identification model are also constructed. The axial oil film stiffness is experimentally identified at different speeds, loads, and temperature employing the hammer impulse excitation. The axial oil film stiffness between theoretical and experimental results is compared. The discrepancies are not more than 7% for 30 kN operation cases but increase with axial static load. This is partially because the influence of the pivot stiffness becomes obvious with the axial static load increase and cannot be ignored. The results indicate that axial oil film stiffness is at a magnitude of 10⁹ N·m^?1. Compared to foundation stiffness of the thrust bearing system, the influence of axial oil film stiffness needs to be considered for bearing–rotor system design of marine propulsion systems in engineering practice.     

Analysis of the effects of surface pitting and wear on the vibration of a gear transmission system

A comprehensive procedure to simulate and analyse the vibrations in a gear transmission system with surface pitting, wear, and partial tooth fracture of the gear teeth is presented. An analytical model was developed where the effects of surface pitting and wear of the gear tooth were simulated by phase and magnitude changes in the gear mesh stiffness. Changes in the gear mesh stiffness were incorporated into each gear-shaft model during the global dynamic simulation of the system. The overall dynamics of the system were evaluated by solving for the transient dynamics of each shaft system simultaneously with the vibration of the gearbox structure. In order to reduce the number of degrees-of-freedom in the system, a modal synthesis procedure was used in the global transient dynamic analysis of the overall transmission ststem. An FFT procedure was used to transform the averaged time signal into the frequency domain for signature analysis. In addition, the Wigner-Ville distribution was also introduced to examine the gear vibration in the joint time-frequency domain for vibration pattern recognition. Experimental results obtained from a gear fatigue test rig at NASA Lewis Research Center were used to evaluate the analytical model.     

船舶柴油机曲轴系的动力学仿真

为分析船舶柴油机轴系振动及对船体结构的影响,运用SolidWorks和ADAMS软件构造了4160型船用柴油机轴系的刚体动力学模型,利用虚拟样机技术对曲轴系进行了运动学和动力学仿真,研究了活塞的运动学、连杆和曲柄销载荷的仿真曲线。仿真结果表明,建立的仿真模型与实际相符,为进一步研究船舶柴油机整机振动提供了一种新的设计方法。     

水下航行装置推进轴系扭转振动控制研究

主要讨论以摆盘式活塞发动机作为其主机的某水下航行装置推进轴系的扭转振动问题。首先建立了推进轴系的两个扭振模型，并进行了轴系的扭振计算。为了验证模型参数的准确性，对推进轴系进行了脉冲激励试验。以试验及计算结果为依据对推进轴系的几种不同方案进行了比较。最后对双轴调频减振方案进行分析，提出了一种合理可行的减振方法     

Vibration control of multi-story building structure by hybrid control using tuned liquid damper and active mass damper

This study proposes a hybrid control methodology that combines tuned liquid damper (TLD) and active mass damper (AMD) to suppress vibrations of multi-story building structure effectively. To this end, a dynamic model that can predict the vibration of multi-story building structure coupled with TLD and AMD is derived using the energy approach. The TLD that is mainly designed to suppress the main natural mode is developed with a multi-degree-of-freedom model to investigate the effect of the TLD on natural modes of structure numerically. The AMD is an active vibration controller that can suppress remaining resonant peaks, including ones resulting from the application of the TLD as well as other higher modes of interest. In this way, the proposed control can utilize the advantages of TLD and AMD simultaneously. We set up an experimental apparatus to verify the performance of the hybrid control methodology. The numerical and experimental results show that the proposed hybrid control method can successfully suppress the vibrations of multi-story building structure. The dynamic model derived in this study can also accurately predict the actual behavior of the system.

     

基于瑞利法的内燃机曲轴扭纵耦合振动

采用瑞利法对高速内燃机曲轴扭纵耦合振动进行了研究。将内燃机曲轴等效为连续分布阶梯轴模型,根据当量轴段以及集中质量的动能和势能关系,通过拉格朗日方程分别建立轴系扭振模型和纵振模型。根据刚度耦合原理,并考虑轴系强迫激励进而建立了扭纵耦合强迫振动模型。采用谐次分析法对模型求解后,通过与采用三维振动测量装置对某直列四缸柴油机曲轴自由端的振动信号进行实际测量所得到的结果进行比较,可以发现,扭振和纵振与实际测量的结果在各主要谐次都保持相当的一致。     

轴—壳体系统耦合振动控制原理分析及试验

螺旋桨脉动力是引起轴系—壳体振动的主要因素。基于频域模型,研究轴—壳系统耦合振动特性及参数影响,从原理上分析在推进轴系上施加控制力来抑制耦合系统振动的控制方法,并讨论基于自适应前馈控制策略的主动控制方案。采用自适应对消及归一化最小均方算法,在轴上施加纵向控制力,实时抵消脉动推力,降低轴系纵向振动,由此抑制由于轴系振动所引起的壳体振动。仿真结果表明：控制力施加位置对控制效果影响很小,不同轴承刚度对控制力大小的需求不同,刚度较小时误差收敛速度较慢,刚度达到一定程度以后收敛速度不变。通过轴—壳体试验系统对原理分析进行验证,结果也表明推力轴承刚度对轴系纵振频率的影响,所提出的控制方法能够有效地抑制壳体振动。     

半主动TMD控制双跨轴系过临界振动的研究

针对多轴串联机械通过临界转速时振动过大的问题,对调谐质量阻尼器在双跨轴系振动控制中的应用进行了研究。并基于转子结构,设计了具有对称结构的笼式半主动调谐质量阻尼器用于控制轴系振动;搭建了双跨转子实验台,在不改变转子轴系原有支撑形式上,在两根轴上分别安装了调谐质量阻尼器,对调谐质量阻尼器对轴系各跨转子振动的影响规律进行了实验研究。研究结果表明,不可控调谐质量阻尼器可以有效抑制安装所在轴临界转速附近的振动,对相邻轴影响较小,但会引起新共振峰。根据此实验结果通过开关控制策略实现调谐质量阻尼器半主动控制,说明半主动调谐质量阻尼器可以在不停机的情况下,抑制转子轴系通过各阶临界转速时的振动,避免失谐。     

APPLICATION OF WAVELET PACKET ANALYSIS FOR FAULT DETECTION IN ELECTRO-MECHANICAL SYSTEMS BASED ON TORSIONAL VIBRATION MEASUREMENT

This paper primarily focuses on detecting electrical faults in turbine generator sets by monitoring torsional vibrations with the help of the non-contact measurement technique and analysing the data acquired from torsional vibration meter. Torsional vibrations in shaft trains can be excited by periodic excitation due to a variety of electromagnetic disturbances or unsteady flow in large steam turbine generator sets and may cause failure in shaft trains. A method is presented to use wavelet packet analysis for fault detection. It is achieved by decomposing the torsional vibration signals in the wavelet packet space at different levels to give finer details. Shannon wavelets have compact supports in frequency domain, it allows the analysis to be carried out in frequency bands of interest. Its effectiveness is verified by experimental results. Moreover, the application of the proposed method can be extended to analysis for transient conditions.     

遗传神经网络在轴系故障诊断中的应用

为解决BP神经网络收敛速度慢以及容易陷入局部最优解的问题,将遗传算法与BP神经网络相结合应用于轴系故障诊断中。首先设计了船舶柴油机轴系模拟实验平台,然后利用小波包分解技术分析了轴系故障时的振动信号,并将其能谱熵作为故障模式的特征向量,最后对轴系的4种运行状态进行了故障识别与分析。仿真结果表明,GA-BP算法预测精度要高于传统的BP算法,适用于轴系的状态监测和故障诊断。     

基于约束方程的十字万向轴扭转振动计算模型

万向轴传动由于附加力矩会对传动系统产生强迫振动,为了避开传动系统扭转共振,需要对万向轴传动系统进行计算分析,合理选取结构参数。利用约束方程表示万向铰传动特点,并用有限单元法建立双万向轴扭转振动动力学模型,通过数值仿真得到万向轴传动系统扭转振动数值解。计算结果表明:模型能够计算万向轴附加力矩引起的强迫振动,可用于万向轴传动系统扭转振动分析。     

INVESTIGATION OF SIMULATION EXPERIMENT ON ACTIVE CONTROL OF TORSIONAL VIBRATION IN A TURBOGENERATOR SHAFT SYSTEM

According to the theoretical analysis and calculation on the base of continuous mass system, the simulation experimental investigation on active control of torsional vibration in a turbogenerator shaft system is conducted. A test installation with the excitation of generator motor and multi-stepped shaft system is established to simulate the torsional vibration of a turbogenerator rotor shaft system, and to examine the active control strategy presented. Some useful results are reached in the experimental study.     

Three-dimensional modeling for predicting the vibration modes of twin ball screw driving table

As a redundant drive mechanism, twin ball screw feed system has the advantage of high stiffness and little yaw vibration in the feeding process, while leads to increased difficulty with vibration characteristics analysis and structure optimization. Only low-dimensional structure and dynamics parameters are considered in the existing research, the complete and effective model for predicting the table＇s vibrations is lacked. A three-dimensional（3D） mechanical model of twin ball screw driving table is proposed. In order to predict the vibration modes of the table quantitatively, an analytical formulation following a comprehensive approach is developed, where the drive system is modeled as a lumped mass-spring system, and the Lagrangian method is used to obtain the table＇s independent and coupled axial, yaw, and pitch vibration modes. The frequency variation of each mode is studied for different heights of the center of gravity, nut positions and table masses by numerical simulations. Modal experiment is carried out on the Z-axis feed table of the horizontal machining center MCH63. The results show that for each mode, the error between the estimated and the measured frequencies is less than 13%. The independent and coupled vibration modes are in accordance with the experimental results, respectively The proposed work can serve a better understanding of the table＇s dynamics and be beneficial for optimizing the structure parameters of twin ball screw drive system in the design stage.     

Effects of a turbocharger cut out system on vibration characteristics of a propulsion shafting system and a large low speed marine diesel engine

To cope with the long term recession in the shipping industry due to oversupply of ships and high oil prices and due to reinforcement of environmental regulations to reduce greenhouse gas emission from ships, large container vessels built recently have ultra-long stroke engines with high propulsion efficiency. For these, de-rated engine and tuning technologies are used to reduce fuel oil consumption. However, previously built vessels were optimized for high ship speed. In these case, lowering ship speed to reduce ship operating cost does not provide similar benefits. Therefore, engine manufacturers have developed a turbocharger cut-out system to reduce fuel oil consumption at low speed. This has the advantage of reducing fuel consumption at low speeds, but also has the characteristic of producing higher torsional exciting force than is typical in existing engines for low load ranges. In this paper, the performance and dynamic characteristics of a marine diesel engine were reviewed after applying a turbocharger cut-out system. Then the effects on the engine body vibration and the torsional vibration were examined for a corresponding propulsion shafting system in a Panamax container-vessel equipped with a turbocharger cut-out system optimized for slow steaming. As a result, the torsional vibratory stress in shafts was increased. This had a larger effect on the X-mode shape of the engine body vibration and on the upper structure vibration, when one of three turbochargers was cut out.     

滑动摩擦振动噪声的非线性显式动力学分析

利用有限元软件ABAQUS/Explicit(显式动态求解器)对球-平面接触条件下的滑动摩擦振动噪声进行了数值模拟分析。对比试验结果,探讨了摩擦噪声的发生机制,并分析了摩擦噪声发生时接触界面的运动特性。结果表明,摩擦噪声主要是由摩擦系统的自激振动引起的,法向振动与切向振动的耦合是系统产生自激振动和摩擦噪声的一个重要因素。当摩擦系统发生自激振动时,从面节点与主面的接触并不是连续不变的,两者在相对运动的过程中具有黏着-滑动-分离-黏着的特性。     

电子机柜隔振系统解耦分析及仿真

介绍了电子机柜隔振系统的耦合振动形式;提出了相应的解耦方案;分析了减振器的安装距离对耦合振动的影响,并通过仿真对理论结果进行了验证。