Multi-task scheduling of distributed 3D printing services in cloud manufacturing

The problem of service matching and scheduling in cloud manufacturing (CMfg) is complex for different types of manufacturing services. 3D printing, as a rapidly developing manufacturing technology, has become an important service form in the CMfg platform due to its characteristics of personalized manufacturing. How to solve the task scheduling problem for distributed 3D printing services in CMfg needs further research. In this paper, a service transaction model of 3D printing services in CMfg is built. Based on the service transaction model, we propose 3D printing service matching strategies and matching rules of different service attributes, including model size, printing material, printing preciseness, task cost, task time, and logistics. To reduce the delivery time of tasks from service suppliers to service demanders, a 3D printing service scheduling (3DPSS) method is proposed to generate optimal service scheduling solutions. In 3DPSS, optimization objective, constraints, and optimization algorithm are presented in detail. Experimental results show that the average task delivery time of 3DPSS is shorter than that of typical scheduling methods, such as particle swarm optimization, pattern search, and sequential quadratic programming, when the amounts of tasks change.     

3D打印技术在航空制造领域的应用进展

3D打印技术作为近年来增材制造领域的研究热点,由于具有成形速度快、材料利用率高、生产周期短与数字化程度高等特点,而在航空航天制造领域得到了广泛研究和应用.本文阐述了3D打印技术的主要技术手段与国内外研发机构,并叙述了3D打印技术近几年在航空制造领域的研究和应用现状,对3D打印技术未来的发展趋势进行了探讨和分析.     

3D打印电子产品技术发展现状探析

应用3D打印技术制造产品具有快速、结构形体复杂度无限制等技术特性,非常适用于电子产品的单件、多品种小批量研制生产,以及采用传统制造方式难以实现的机电结合、结构功能一体的复杂组件的制造,3D打印技术在电子产品制造中的应用研究意义重大.文中在介绍3D打印技术及其在电子产品制造中的应用发展现状的基础上,对3D打印电子产品技术的发展特点、趋势和需求进行了分析,并以3D打印多层PCB技术为例,对其技术发展难点和解决途径进行了探讨.     

Research on technologies and application of data mining for cloud manufacturing resource services

Nowadays, cloud manufacturing (CMfg) as a new service-oriented manufacturing mode has been paid wide attention around the world. However, one of the key technologies for better implementing CMfg services is how to address the problems faced by distributed massive and polymorphic data analysis and processing of manufacturing resource services in CMfg environment. In order to handle the problems, and promote development integration and business application of data mining, the research on technologies and application of data mining for cloud manufacturing resource (CMR) services has been carried out in this paper. The data mining application model and multi hierarchy architecture of CMR services are designed, and the topology of resource service data integrating process based on multi-Agent is presented. Besides, the preprocessing method of manufacturing resource data is proposed, and a CMR virtual data warehouse is established as well. In addition, an improved genetic algorithm oriented to manufacturing resource services is put forward, so as to achieve efficient searching and mining of massive polymorphic data. Finally, a case study is employed to illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method in CMR service platform.     

A study of optimal allocation of computing resources in cloud manufacturing systems

As a new advanced service-oriented networked manufacturing model, cloud manufacturing (CMfg) has been proposed recently. The optimal allocation of computing resources (OACR) is a core part for implementing CMfg. High heterogeneity, high dynamism, and virtualization make the OACR problem more complex than the traditional scheduling problems in grid system or cloud computing system. In this paper, a new comprehensive model for OACR is proposed in the CMfg system. In this model, all main computation, communication, and reliability constraints in the special circumstances are considered. To solve the OACR problem, a new improved niche immune algorithm was presented. Associated with the niche strategy, new heuristics are designed flexibly based on the characteristics of the problem and pheromone is added for adaptive searching. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed heuristic information and show NIA’s high performances for addressing the OACR problem compared with other intelligent algorithms.     

基于电场驱动喷射微3D打印的大面积微透镜阵列制造研究

大面积圆形、柱状及梯度折射率微透镜阵列在裸眼3D、光学传感、仿生学、医疗内窥镜等领域具有非常广泛的需求,然而,如何实现大面积多类型微透镜阵列的简单化、低成本、高效率制造是学术界与产业界共同面临的一项挑战性难题。基于电场驱动喷射微3D打印技术,提出了一种可实现大面积多类型微透镜阵列制备的新方法,通过实验揭示了主要工艺参数（电压、气压,打印速度）对制备的不同类型微透镜形貌与质量的影响与规律,利用提出的方法并结合优化的工艺参数,在玻璃基底上分别实现了面积为120 mm×120 mm、100 cm×45 cm的圆形与柱状微透镜阵列的制造,在柔性PET基底上实现了面积为160 mm×160 mm的圆形微透镜阵列的制造,利用电场驱动喷射微3D打印的多层打印模式实现了折射率梯度变化范围为0.1的梯度折射率微透镜阵列的制造。实验结果表明,制备的微透镜阵列具有良好的几何与光学性能,基于电场驱动喷射微3D打印大面积、多类型微透镜阵列制造方法具有效率高、成本低、批量化的显著优势,为大面积多类型微透镜阵列制造提供了一种全新的解决方案。     

基于3D打印技术的石墨烯基三维电极设计制造研究进展

锂离子电池因其较高的能量密度、稳定的放电平台和安全的使用环境被广泛应用于航空航天、汽车、可穿戴柔性设备等领域。目前锂离子电池的研究主要集中在薄电极（<50 μm）的设计制造,其较低的单位面积负载（<5 mg·cm^-2）严重制约了面积比容量。因此厚电极的制造（100~500 μm）将成为未来高比能量电池的研究热点。3D打印技术因其可定制化成型复杂电极结构的优势,在厚电极制造领域具有广泛的应用前景。综述了3D打印成型工艺在石墨烯基三维厚电极领域的研究进展,分析了相应3D打印工艺的成型特点（墨水性能、成型精度、适用范围）和工艺难点,展望了石墨烯基三维厚电极3D打印的发展趋势,提出了基于凝胶电解质的全电池成型工艺,为新一代高性能锂离子电池的研制提供新思路。     

三维打印产业区域发展现状及思考

三维打印作为国家战略新兴产业，是高端装备制造业及高端服务业的崭新发展方向。在简要分析区域三维打印产业发展现状的基础上，重点介绍了目前江苏省在该领域所涉及的多个关键技术及方向上取得的重要进展。针对三维打印产业发展的现状，提出克服当前局限的具体思路。     

Common engines of cloud manufacturing service platform for SMEs

In order to improve the comprehensive competitiveness of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), a cloud manufacturing service platform for SMEs was implemented with the idea and model of cloud manufacturing (CMfg) in this paper. Using the transaction mode of multiple enterprises, multiple orders, and multi-party collaboration, the architecture and workflows of this cloud manufacturing service platform were designed. Some common engines, such as intelligent matching engine for supply and demand, transaction coordinating logic engine, and credit evaluation engine, were researched, which implement the semantic intelligent searching, order tracking, transaction task guiding, and collaborative management in the whole process of CMfg. As a case, this platform has been applied in the automobile and motorcycle parts manufacturing industry, which effectively integrates manufacturing service resources in this field through online services and offline services (O2O), achieving the effective management of service resources.     

Research on the impact of service provider cooperative relationship on cloud manufacturing platform

As an emerging service-oriented manufacturing paradigm, Cloud Manufacturing (CMfg) is expected to provide smart networked platforms that enable efficient global collaborations among cloud service providers in a product lifecycle. The service provider cooperative relationship (SPCR) plays a crucial part in cloud service scheduling and thus potentially influences the operational performance of a CMfg platform. The guaranteed SPCR could ensure service quality and reduce the interaction costs among service providers in the process of collaborative manufacturing tasks, thereby having a positive impact on the operational efficiency of a CMfg platform. The cost reduction and quality assurance, however, usually make the cost-effective services more attractive for an increasing number of manufacturing tasks and lead to load imbalance in a CMfg platform, thus having a negative impact on the operational efficiency. The impact mechanism of SPCR on a CMfg platform is still unclear from an evolutionary perspective. In this paper, we propose a CMfg platform evolution model (CPEM) to investigate the impacts of SPCR on the operational performance of a CMfg platform. Three quantitative metrics, from the perspective of cloud consumer, cloud operator, and cloud service provider, respectively, are established to support the performance evaluation. The results of contrast experiments reveal the impacts of SPCR on a CMfg platform.     

微流挤出成形工艺中新型挤出结构的研究

微流挤出成形工艺是基于陶瓷3D打印技术的兴起而出现的一种新兴制造工艺,其具有微米级高精度的特点,适用于高精度陶瓷制造领域。而在微流挤出成形工艺中,挤出结构设计是提高陶瓷零件成形性能的关键因素,将直接影响到成形能否顺利进行。在比较了几种目前国内外使用较为广泛的陶瓷3D打印挤出结构后,提出了一种以微型螺杆泵为核心部件的新型挤出结构。微型螺杆泵具有稳定的压力,可以输送高固含量的介质,并且能够根据转速调节流量,能够满足3D打印的稳定控制、高精度的工艺要求。还详细介绍了微型螺杆泵的工作原理,性能参数,对其应用在微流挤出自由成形工艺上的可行性以及入口压力、转速对其挤出流量的影响。     

柔性触觉传感器的三维打印制造技术研究进展

聚合物基柔性触觉传感器在智能机器人、人工假肢与人体健康状态监测等领域有着广泛的应用,将三维打印技术应用于柔性触觉传感器的制造过程可以克服传统制造方法加工周期长、复杂聚合物基微结构制造困难等缺陷。因此发展聚合物基触觉传感器的三维打印制造技术及工艺是当前的学科研究热点,具有广阔的发展前景。首先,在阐述柔性触觉传感器的传感检测原理和性能指标的基础上,重点阐述了柔性触觉传感器三维打印制造技术方面的最新研究进展,包括聚合物基柔性触觉传感器的结构设计、三维打印材料的分类和应用、以及传感器的打印制造方法及工艺等。然后,还总结预测了基于新材料制备和新制造工艺的柔性触觉传感器设计与制造的发展趋势,并对柔性触觉传感器的三维打印制造技术未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

中国产品模具制造行业的发展趋势

通过对于产品模具开发的成本呈现方式、客户因素、3D打印技术特点、及国内产品开模需求的发展方式,总结出未来中国产品模具制造行业在新因素引导下的发展趋势,由价格成本向综合成本转变,由高产能向高精度转变,服务对象也面临转变.     

云制造环境下基于离散Markov跳变系统的机床装备资源动态优选方法

针对云制造环境下加工任务执行过程中机床装备资源易受紧急插单、加工质量异常、设备运行故障等高频随机扰动影响,致使产品加工服务质量(QoS)不能满足客户个性化需求的问题,提出一种基于离散Markov跳变系统的机床装备资源动态优化选择方法.首先,结合云制造服务运行特点,构建了云制造环境下面向加工任务执行过程的服务质量动态演化...     

含微通道网络的再生支架3D打印成形工艺和系统及试验研究

3D打印技术在构建个性化的人工组织和器官方面具有独特优势和发展潜力,然而目前在构建具有优良代谢性能的人工组织方面也还存在很多技术壁垒。在秉承3D打印技术优势基础上,综合考虑生物材料的反应成形特性,提出一种能够直接成形微尺度中空纤维,再三维叠层制造,从而直接获得内含微通道网络的再生支架的3D打印成形工艺;基于管材无模拉伸理论,定量分析微尺度中空纤维在被三维搭接过程中的拉伸变形,为工艺优化和参数调控奠定了理论基础;在给出相应成形系统的关键组成和技术要点基础上,进行了三维再生支架的制备试验及性能测试与分析。试验结果表明,提出的工艺及系统存在巨大的应用潜力,为有效解决人工再生组织血管化问题提供了一种全新的技术途径。     

3D打印产业及技术发展趋势概述

首先分析了国内外3D打印产业的规模及其产业分布,然后通过简介当前3D打印技术的发展趋势,并结合产业现状着重分析了低成本激光烧结、光固化快速成形、印制电子以及混合加工等新兴技术,指出3D打印技术具有广阔的应用前景.     

装备制造业三维数字化制造工艺解决方案

三维数字化制造工艺是装备制造业信息化技术发展的新趋势,本文结合我国现阶段制造业状况,全面阐述了以业务驱动的在产品全寿命周期管理环境下的全三维产品设计、工艺设计、仿真分析与验证、数字化制造、在线检测和服务的三维数字化制造工艺解决方案。     

三维重建及3D打印在复杂钣金试制焊接工装中的实践应用

三维重建及3D打印技术目前是较为前沿的技术,逐渐吸引了大众的眼球,成为国内外学者研究的重点。由于三维重建与3D打印技术与所需创造的物体结构复杂程度无关,所以现阶段我国创造出利用三维技术和3D打印技术形成成形块用于一种新型焊接定位的技术,从而达到高精度的定位和焊接,快速高效完成产品,提高产品质量,从而实现了现代汽车产业复杂钣金的快速高质量制造,三维重建及3D打印技术还可以应用于多方面焊接工作中,可以大幅度提高焊接精准度。