平面近场反演技术

介绍了一种基于探头补偿的平面近场反演算法,为验证算法的有效性,在暗室对某阵列天线进行了近场反演和远场方向图比对验证。结果表明,该算法反演精度高,可在近场校准完毕后对方向图实现情况进行快速测试验证,提升阵列天线测试效率,有很好的工程实用性。     

微波暗室有限测试距离对天线远场测量的影响

利用电磁场和误差分析理论,在阐述天线远场测量条件的基础上,分析了微波暗室有限测试距离对天线远场测量的影响,建立了误差模型,并结合实例说明了微波暗室有限测试距离对天线场强测量、增益测量的影响.分析结论可为实践中快速准确地确定适合在微波暗室内进行测量的天线尺寸和频率范围提供具体的技术指导.     

基于三次样条插值法的柱面近场测量欠采样修正算法研究

为解决暗室近场测试效率低的问题,本文针对天线近场测量中高效测量方法进行了研究,提出了一种柱面近场欠采样恢复算法。该算法利用高精度的三次样条插值(cubic spline interpolation, CSI)法对未采样的点进行恢复,可减少采样点数,提高测试速度。此外,在柱面近场欠采样恢复CSI求解过程中充分利用系数矩阵的正定、对称等优良特性,使线性方程组的计算量从O(n³)降为O(n),大大提高了CSI的计算效率。最后使用插值后的近场幅度和相位结合柱面近远场变换理论求得天线远场方向图。为验证所提出算法的有效性,试验测试了天线样机,试验结果与理论分析一致。     

一种一维相扫数字阵列快速校准方法研究北大核心CSCD

在相控阵天线校准中,常用的平面近场校准方法需要专用的测试场地和设备,效率不高;而“中场法”仅需要在阵面前方不远的距离上放置测试天线,利用相控阵单元可单通道控制的特点,实现快速和高精度校准。“中场法”对场地要求不高,因而获得广泛应用。该方法使用条件是:测试天线相对阵面中心的距离不满足远场条件,但测试天线和阵中单元的距离须满足远场条件。在一些大型的两维阵列,方位面为无源行馈天线,仅在俯仰面电扫,若满足行馈天线的远场条件,则需要较远的距离。文章研究了一维相扫的平面阵的快速校准方法,分析了校准误差分布,并通过远场波瓣验证了该方法的有效性。该方法进一步拓展了“中场法”在相控阵天线校准中的应用。     

减小平面近场测量中多次反射误差的新方法

本文给出了用平面近场技术测量超低副瓣天线时,平面近场测量总误差与天线远场方向图副瓣电平的误差方程,并进行了计算机仿真;提出了减小平面近场测量中探头天线与待测天线间多次反射误差和微波暗室电特性误差对超低副瓣天线所引入的测量误差的"自校准法",实验结果说明该方法是解决平面近场测量中多次反射和微波暗室电特性误差较为理想的方法.     

有限测试距离对GNSS抗干扰天线阵远场测试的影响

文章分析了暗室测试中有限测试距离对GNSS抗干扰天线阵测量结果的影响.在固定波束情况下,远场测试条件遵循经典结论,即在待测天线与探头天线距离大于2D²/λ（D为待测天线有效孔径）时,有限测试距离对方向图主瓣影响很小,但会掩盖方向图波瓣零点;在自适应处理情况下,由于自适应权会自动补偿干扰导向矢量误差,所以有限距离误差并不会对零点的位置和深度造成影响,对方向图除零点之外部分的增益造成一定偏差,但是这些增益偏差不会对抗干扰天线阵的平均阵列增益覆盖率造成显著影响.所以,在满足经典远场条件的暗室内进行抗干扰测试,接收机的干扰抑制能力和可用性能均不会受到影响.     

两种远场测试场天线方向图测试分析

根据天线远场测试理论,结合应用实例,分析了微波暗室和斜天线测试场作为天线远场测试场的适应性。对从 微波暗室和斜天线测试场得到的双脊喇叭天线远场方向图及相关数据进行了分析,总结出两种天线测试场对天线远场测 试影响的特点和规律,并对实际应用提出了指导性建议。     

分布式雷达相参发射原理与性能分析

通过调整空间距离较远的雷达发射天线的发射时间和初始相位可控制电磁波能量在空间的分布来增强感兴趣空间区域的信号能量。该文分析分布式雷达相参发射的原理,给出形成干涉峰点的条件,定义空间干涉能量分布函数来反映发射信号能量较平均能量的增益,其最大值为发射天线个数。在远场和近场条件下分析信号空间能量分布的特点,表明它在远场近天线距离呈条纹状,在近场远天线距离呈类晶体结构或独峰结构。为了让目标在干涉峰点内部,分布式相参发射在低频率、小目标的跟踪状态更有效。     

阵列天线在UXB系统标校中的应用

测量船基地现有标校塔与测量船距离只有980 m,无法满足高频段统一X频段（UXB）系统天线的远场标校距离条件。针对这一难题,提出了一种利用阵列天线合成准平面波的方法,实现在近场距离条件下的远场标校。在现有标校塔上架设安装阵列天线设备,利用16个单喇叭天线组成4×4的天线阵,并通过控制单个喇叭天线元的幅度和相位,使得传播到测量船UXB天线口面处由阵列天线合成的电磁波是准平面波,满足X频段天线远场标校要求。综合运用最优化理论和遗传算法,对阵列天线元的幅度和相位权值进行调节和优化,使得合成的电磁波更为接近准平面波。计算机仿真实验和外场条件下的实际测试均验证了该方法生成的准平面波能够满足UXB天线远场标校要求。     

平面近场散射抑制算法仿真与分析

本文提出一种用于平面近场暗室的散射抑制算法。该方法将平面近场测量得到的远场方向图进行柱面波模式分解,利用柱面波谱与被测天线的空间约束关系滤除散射分量,最后经过柱面波谱-远场变换得到处理后的远场方向图。通过构建模拟偶极子阵,将算法处理后的方向图与理想环境下的方向图进行对比,结果表明该算法能够有效的降低散射误差对远场方向图的影响。     

Evaluation of adaptive phased array antenna, far-field nullingperformance in the near-field region

A theory for analyzing the behavior of adaptive phased array antennas illuminated by a near-field interference test source is presented. Conventional phased array near-field focusing is used to produce an equivalent far-field antenna pattern at a range distance of one to two aperture diameters from the adaptive antenna under test. The antenna is assumed to be a linear array of isotropic receive elements. The interferer is assumed to be a bandlimited noise source radiating from an isotropic antenna. The theory is developed for both partially and fully adaptive arrays. Results are presented for the fully adaptive array case with single and multiple interferers. The results indicate that near-field and far-field adaptive nulling can be equivalent. The adaptive nulling characteristics studied in detail are the array radiation patterns, adaptive cancellation, covariance matrix eigenvalues, and adaptive array weights     

暗室条件下抗干扰测试结果影响分析

暗室为卫星导航接收机抗干扰测试提供了全面有效的测试环境，极大地提高了抗干扰性能定量测试与评估能力。但暗室的静区性能、结构尺寸、天线布局等因素会对抗干扰性能测试结果产生影响。基于多径信号天线接收模型、阵列波程差等效模型和信号来向天线映射模型，通过仿真量化分析了干扰多径信号、有限距离下近场效应和来波方向误差对抗干扰测试结果的影响。结果表明，暗室静区性能的提升可降低干扰多径信号对零陷位置的拉偏；不同暗室尺寸对应不同的零陷深度测试，需根据测试需求折中选择；布设暗室天线应依据预设的被测阵列天线和测试场景。结果可为暗室设计、抗干扰测试方案选定和测试结果分析提供参考，提升抗干扰测试的可信度。     

Analysis of phase-focused near-field testing for multiphase-centeradaptive radar systems

Airborne or spaceborne radar systems often require tests before deployment to verify how well the system detects targets and suppresses clutter and jammer signals. The radar antenna diameter can be large and thus the conventional far-field test distance is impractical to implement. The theory and simulations of phase-focused near-field testing for adaptive phased array antennas is discussed. With near-field source deployment, standard phased-array near-field phase focusing provides far-field adaptive nulling equivalent performance at a range distance of one aperture diameter from the adaptive antenna under test. Both main beam clutter sources and sidelobe jammer sources are addressed. The phased array antenna elements analyzed are one-half wavelength dipoles over the ground plane. Bandwidth, polarization, array mutual coupling, and finite array edge effects are taken into account. Numerical simulations of an adaptive antenna that has multiple displaced phase centers indicate that near-field and far-field testing can be equivalent     

Strategy to avoid truncation error in planar and cylindrical near-field antenna measurement setups

A simple and effective method to avoid the truncation error in antenna near-field measurements is presented. The method can be applied to planar or cylindrical near-field setups, whenever it is possible to vary the distance between the antenna under test and the probe during the scanning procedure.     

天线回转中心偏离阵列球心对测向的影响

在微波暗室内进行射频仿真试验时,必须保证被试装备天线回转中心和天线阵列的球心重合,否则就会引起测向误差,从而影响对被试装备性能的科学评估.分析了对心不准对装备测向测试结果的影响,建立了测向误差的分析模型,并且结合实例详细分析了偏心距离和测向误差的关系.相关分析模型和结论可以作为对心设备建设中对对心精度的指标论证的依据,也可以为仿真试验战情的设计提供科学的借鉴.     

Prediction of far-field from uniform and non-uniform under-sampled near-field data in planar near-field antenna measurements

In near-field antenna measurements various forms of uniform and non-uniform sampling techniques have been widely deployed. Considering the fact that the near-field pattern of any antenna is a spatially quasi-band-width-limited function of space coordinates, Shannon's theorem simply defines the sampling frequency. Based on the sampling theorem, in order to precisely reconstruct a band-limited signal from its samples, the sampling frequency must be at least twice as much as the signal's bandwidth. Through the simulations and theoretical evaluations this research shows that if the near-field pattern is either uniformly or non-uniformly under-sampled due to any practical reasons, yet a good estimation of far-field pattern can be obtained especially if the antenna under test (AUT) is a directive high-gain or super high-gain antenna. Also the time efficiency of far-field prediction from under-sampled near-field data is discussed and the advantages and disadvantages are highlighted.     

亚毫米波段折叠光路的准光近场照射天线设计与应用

介绍了一种新颖的折叠光路近场准光照射天线设计方法,并成功应用在微波黑体定标源微弱散射的双站测量中. 在双站测量中,传统的小口径天线适用于低频范围,被测目标足够小才能保证远场条件. 与传统基于远场条件出发的小口径天线设计不同,本文所提出的准光照射天线的设计目的是在目标区降低链路衰减,实现相位平坦、幅值边缘衰减的聚焦照射,并可在近场区域内测得目标的远场散射特征. 设计基于准光学设计方法:由主反射镜和平板反射镜共同构成紧凑的折叠光路,首先确定馈源喇叭天线的等效高斯波束参数,然后基于高斯波束传播理论设计主反射镜,再通过全波仿真验证其折叠路径. 仿真分析表明即使馈源采用基本的圆锥喇叭馈源,也可实现良好的聚焦效果. 双站实测数据表明该天线设计达到了设计目的,为亚毫米波近场双站散射测量的开展提供了关键性的波束控制,具备广泛的应用价值.     

Antenna measurements using a hologram CATR

It becomes increasingly difficult to obtain far-field measurements for large millimetre wave antennas at higher frequencies due to the required large distance between the antennas. A hologram compact antenna test range (CATR) is used to determine the radiation characteristics of a 39 GHz planar antenna in a small facility. The results are compared with those obtained from planar near-field scanning and conventional far-field measurements     

球面近远场和远近场变换算法

天线的远场对于研究天线辐射特性具有重大意义，近场测量技术因其能够避免直接测量远场而得到广泛应用，该技术采用近远场变换获得远场，然而，检验该远场的准确性也是很重要的.为了解决此类问题，文中以球面近场测量为例，提供了一种解决方案.该方案主要探讨了球面波模式展开理论，该理论是实现球面近远场变换算法的关键，其将待测天线在空间建立的场展开成球面波函数之和，天线的加权系数既包含了远场信息也包含了近场信息.因此，不仅能够利用近场测量信息获得远场辐射特性，同样能够利用远场辐射特性反推得到近场处电场，这样就能检验由近远场变换算法得到的远场是否准确.文中首先推算得到了近远场变换公式，随后进一步推算得到远近场变换的公式，最后将本文算法计算结果与FEKO测量结果进行比较，二者吻合良好，从而证实了本文两种算法的有效性.     

Antenna far-fields from planar acquisition using micro-genetic algorithms

A method for modelling the radiation of an antenna under test from planar near-field data using equivalent magnetic currents (EMC) is presented. Micro-genetic algorithms are used to optimise each component of the EMC. Numerical results of near-field to far-field transformation are reported and discussed.