岭澳二期核辅助厂房通风系统仪控设计改进分析

本文对岭澳二期核电厂核辅助厂房通风系统的功能、控制系统、检测仪表等进行了描述,并着重对仪控设计的多项重要改进进行了详细描述及分析。     

通信单管塔抗震性能分析

为确定通信单管塔在地震载荷作用下结构设计的安全性,选取典型的通信单管塔为研究对象,通过合理的结构简化建立有限元模型;参考规范中8烈度罕遇地震的要求,通过静力分析法、振型分解反应谱法和非线性时程法分析计算结构的抗震性能;对3种计算方法得到的结果进行对比,得出不同分析方法计算结果的差别;通过综合分析计算结果评估通信单管塔的抗震性能.     

红沿河核电站3/4号机组仪控系统安全级BUP盘台抗震分析

本文从仪控系统安全级BUP盘台抗震分析及抗震试验二个方面,综合阐述了仪控系统安全级BUP盘台的分析过程和试验结果,说明抗震分析在安全级BUP盘台研发过程中的作用.通过有限元分析和结构设计有机的结合,在盘台研发阶段寻求最优化的结构设计方案,井通过抗震鉴定试验验证,确保了仪控系统安全级BUP盘台的抗震性能.     

钢结构工业厂房设计分析

钢结构是一种常见的建筑结构形式,具有塑性好、抗拉等级高、自重轻及强度高等特点,目前工业厂房中也普遍应用到了钢结构设计形式。为了提高工业厂房的设计质量,则应把握好钢结构设计的相关要点,并在此基础上优化钢结构的性能。本文结合工程实例分析了钢结构工业厂房设计的相关问题,包括荷载计算与内力计算方法,节点设计、防腐及抗震设计技术。     

燃料乙醇企业能流分析

为了提高燃料乙醇生产企业的能量利用效率,本文针对以粮食为原料的典型燃料乙醇能量系统,以某企业为例开展了能流分析.首先运用e!Sankey软件绘制了详尽的企业能流图,在此基础上全面分析了能量流动和消耗的情况,计算出单耗及能量利用率等相关指标,识别出其中能耗高、能效低的薄弱环节.通过开展节能潜力分析,提出余热利用、工艺改进等系统节能的措施建议,预计可降低能耗约28%.以上分析方法对生物质能源产业的循环经济发展有指导意义.     

基于分布式数据库的桥梁抗震分析系统设计

桥梁抗震设计是一个复杂的过程,信息交流的滞后导致工程师不得不花费大量的时间进行重复工作,文章提出了基于分布式数据库的桥梁抗震分析系统,使得设计信息的更新通过数据库系统来实现,在一定程度上减轻了工程师的负担,提高了桥梁抗震分析的工作效率。     

基于马尔可夫模型的核电站数字化仪控系统可靠性分析

建立核电站典型非安全级数字化仪控系统的马尔可夫模型,计算系统的稳态可用率和平均故障前时间。结果表明,马尔可夫模型可用于核电站非安全级数字化仪控系统的可靠性评估。     

三代核电仪控设备抗震试验方法研究

核电厂安全级设备需要进行抗震鉴定,以验证其结构的完整性和功能的保持性。研究了三代核电仪控设备的抗震试验方法,得到了抗震试验的推荐试验要求曲线。三代核电仪控设备的抗震鉴定主要通过抗震试验的方法实现。抗震试验的内容主要包括反应谱试验和单频试验。对于仪控设备内部器件的抗震试验,考虑试验方法的合理性以及国内现有地震试验台架的能力,确定了保守的试验方法。同时,以某继电器为例,描述了抗震试验的具体方法和内容。该研究为行业内仪控设备和器件抗震试验的开展提供了参考。     

计算机辅助安全性分析

本文概述了计算机辅助安全性分析技术的状况，针对其中存在的问题，提出了一个基于安全性基础数据库及支持工具的计算机辅助系统安全性分析软件平台的框架，说明了其组成部分及功能，分析了该软件平台实现的技术难点。     

基于多目标优化模型的电动汽车增程器油耗及排放优化

针对增程式电动汽车油耗和排放优化问题,首先综合考虑增程器的油-电转换效率特性、HC排放特性、CO排放特性以及NOx排放特性,构造了增程器油耗和排放多目标优化模型,同时结合实际增程器工作中的机械和电气约束特征,分析了多目标优化模型的3种转速、转矩约束条件.然后采用多目标粒子群算法和加权尺度法对增程器油耗和排放多目标优化模型进行了离线优化,得出了增程器的最优全局工作点和各功率值下的多目标最优工作曲线.最后,采用NEDC,FTP和HWFET3种测试工况在AVL Puma Open发动机测试台架上进行了实验,并和基于最佳制动燃油消耗率(BSFC)的油耗单目标优化模型进行了比较.结果表明,本文提出的方法能够以微弱的油耗增加为代价,有效的改善整车的HC,CO和NOx排放.     

Identifying and clustering performance shaping factors for nuclear power plant commissioning tasks

The commissioning of a nuclear power plant (NPP) is the last stage in the life cycle of an NPP before commercial operation. Human errors in this stage cannot only harm workers' safety but can also cause damage to system facilities, postpone the commissioning schedule, and become latent problems in the system if the errors are not discovered during the commissioning stage. Therefore, identifying and controlling potential human errors is of great importance at this stage. This study first reviewed existing performance shaping factor (PSF) models and related research on NPPs as well as in other industry fields. Based on these aspects, and with the consideration of the characteristics of commissioning tasks, 8 PSF components and 110 PSF indicators were identified through a literature review and interview. Then, a questionnaire survey was conducted with 269 respondents from 3 NPPs in China to determine commissioning workers' judgment of perceived occurrence frequency and impact of each indicator. Relevant PSF indicators were clustered into 24 PSF factors by exploratory factor analysis. Finally, the risk levels for identified factors and indicators were evaluated. The results show some commonalities with other PSF frameworks, and the differences are discussed.     

开关电源设备的抗地震性能分析

建立某开关电源设备机柜的模型,通过HyperWorks对其进行结构模态分析和谐响应分析,得到机柜模态频率值和模态频率响应值,且与实际测试结果相差较小,说明仿真所采用的模拟连接和模拟结构部件的方法基本符合实际.由分析结果可知,结构的固有频率较低,模态频率响应值较大.用仿真软件进行机柜结构优化,结构的固有频率提高,模态频率响应值降低,从而提高开关电源设备机柜的抗地震性能.     

核电厂维修文件管理系统的研发

核电厂维修工作的重要性不言而喻,而维修文件是维修工作的参考依据.但核电厂维修文件种类很多,为了能够正确地选择维修活动的依据文件,有必要对电厂所有的维修文件进行相互关联,并建立一套维修文件管理系统.该系统不仅能够实现数据的导入、导出、查询、修改等功能,还能够链接某项维修活动相关的所有维修文件,方便维修人员选择,同时实现了维修规程编制计划、工作任务提醒、权限分配及用户管理等功能.     

Developing a taxonomy of coordination behaviours in nuclear power plant control rooms during emergencies

Abstract

This study aims to develop a taxonomy of coordination behaviours during emergencies in nuclear power plants (NPPs). We summarised basic coordination behaviours from literature in aviation, health care and nuclear field and identified coordination behaviours specific to the nuclear domain by interviewing and surveying control crew operators. The established taxonomy includes 7 workflow stages and 24 basic coordination behaviours. To evaluate the reliability and feasibility of the taxonomy, we analysed 12 videos of operators’ training sessions by coding coordination behaviours with the taxonomy and the inter-rater reliability was acceptable. Further analysis of the frequency, the duration and the direction of the coordination behaviours revealed four coordination problems. This taxonomy provides a foundation of systematic observation of coordination behaviours among NPP crews, advances researchers’ understanding of the coordination mechanism during emergencies in NPPs and facilitate the possibility to deepen the understanding of the relationships between coordination behaviours and team performance.

Practitioner Summary: A taxonomy of coordination behaviours during emergencies in nuclear power plants was developed. Reliability and feasibility of the taxonomy was verified through the analysis of 12 training sessions. The taxonomy can serve as an observation system for analysis of coordination behaviours and help to identify coordination problems of control crews.     

CRH2型动车组辅助电源系统故障分析

探讨了300km速度级CRH2c型动车组辅助电源系统的供电电压、工作原理以及内部构成。针对CRH2c型动车组辅助电源系统的常见故障,分析了故障发生的原因,并提出了有效的应急处理措施。     

核电站安全级DCS系统接地设计研究

DCS系统的可靠接地是保证DCS安全、可靠运行的重要条件。为了保证DCS系统的监测控制精度和可靠运行,在DCS系统接地设计时,必须严格按照接地相关标准的要求进行设计,本文依据相关标准要求,给出了核电站安全级DCS系统接地设计的原则和方法,并结合辽宁红沿河核电站安全级DCS接地实例作了相关分析。     

Experiences with component‐oriented technologies in nuclear power plant simulators

This paper proposes the application of modern component‐oriented technologies to the development of nuclear power plant simulators. On the one hand, as a significant improvement on previous simulators, the new kernel is based on the Common Component Architecture (CCA). The use of such a high‐performance computing oriented component technology, together with a novel algorithm to automatically resolve simulation data dependencies, allows the efficient execution of both parallel and sequential simulation models. On the other hand, RT‐CORBA is employed in the development of the rest of the applications that comprise the simulator. This real‐time communication middleware not only makes the management of communications easier, but also provides the applications with real‐time capabilities. Software components used in these two ways, simulation models integrating the kernel and distributed applications from which the simulator is comprised, improve the evolution and maintenance of the entire system, as well as promoting code reusability in other projects. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

核电厂电气设备陶瓷部件受风生飞射物的冲击破坏

为研究沿海台风中的风生飞射物对核电厂电气设备的冲击破坏,以核电厂户外高压电气设备的陶瓷绝缘材料为研究对象,基于LS-DYNA和HyperMesh,分析陶瓷部件在小球和钢管打击下的破坏情况。结果表明：在受到钢管垂直打击时,陶瓷部件很容易发生破坏;在受到小球冲击时,陶瓷部件局部表面发生破坏。进一步计算得到小球对陶瓷部件的临界破坏冲击速度,可为后续设计和研究提供参考。     

Expert system for nuclear power plant accident diagnosis using a fuzzy inference method

Huge and complex systems such as nuclear power generating stations are likely to cause the operators to make operational mistakes for a variety of inexplicable reasons and to produce ambiguous and complicated symptoms in the case of an emergency. Therefore, a safety protection system to assist the operators in making proper decisions within a limited time is required. In this paper, we develop a reliable and improved diagnosis system using the fuzzy inference method so that the system can classify accident symptoms and identify the most probable causes of accidents in order for appropriate actions to be taken to mitigate the consequences. In the computer simulation, the proposed system proved to be able to classify accident types within only 20–30 s. Therefore, the corresponding operation guidelines can be determined in a very short time to put the nuclear power plant in a safe state immediately after the accident.