高浓糖化后稀释啤酒技术

高浓糖化后稀释啤酒技术,即采取提高麦汁糖化浓度,发酵后用处理水稀释制备啤酒的方法。它可以使发酵设备能力提高25～30％,产量增加四分之一以上。高浓糖化后稀释制备的啤酒,风味独特,口味纯正,保质期长,因此在实践中得到广泛推广和应用。一麦汁浓度控制及稀释比例选择酿制高浓度啤酒,首先必须制备高浓度麦汁。高浓度麦汁控制在多少度为宜?这是值得研究和探讨的。河北省邯郸市啤酒厂自     

高浓发酵啤酒稀释控制的探讨

我国啤酒企业正朝大规模、集团化发展，以规模效益进行竞争，如何以小投入，创出更高效益则成为各啤酒集团取胜景有效法宝。高浓发酵稀释利用较小投资，却能大大提高糖化，发酵效率的方法便越来越为啤酒企业所采用，生产出的啤酒亦愈来愈为消费者接受。如何使啤酒成品的指标恒定，风味一致，同时使产量发挥最大潜能，除精化，发酵工艺的控制外，稀释更是最关键工序。1原委对浓度的控制控制稀释啤酒的原麦汁浓度，关键是控制稀释时的酒水比，查找目前的有关资料，普遍采用根据稀释前后的原麦汁浓度来确定酒水比①（包括引进的啤酒稀释机），…     

高蛋白含量的大麦在生产中的应用

高蛋白含量的大麦用于啤酒酿造生产中，在制麦工艺和酿造工艺上需做适当调整，浸麦水温控制在12－18℃，时间38－48h，水分43％－45％；发芽温度14－16℃，时间96－120h；绿麦芽干燥温度和时间分别为38－42℃、8－10h,62-70℃、7－9h，80－84℃、5－7h，控制整个干燥时间在24－26h；在糖化过程中，高蛋白含量大麦用量控制在30％以下，降低糖化温度为65℃，糊精与麦芽糖的比例控制在1：8．5，调整糖化醪的pH为5.4-5.6，煮沸麦汁的pH为5.2-5.4；控制发酵温度不超过10℃，以控制酵母的降糖速度，不致发酵过快。结果表明，成品啤酒的内在质量和风味稳定性都与原产品一致。（庞晓）     

啤酒高浓度发酵后稀释工艺实践

为了提高设备的利用率，提高经济效益，我厂决定对高浓度啤酒稀释新技术进行试验性生产。高浓度发酵稀释工艺，我国已有多家啤酒厂采用，但我厂的发酵工艺是采用比利时阿托瓦的快速发酵法，发酵周期只有十二天。因此，作为高浓度发酵应用到快速发酵工艺中，对我厂来说还是一个新课题。为此，我们进行了这方面的试验性生产。以下是我厂进行试验的一些情况。l高浓度糖化麦对制备糖化制备14”BX麦汁，高浓发酵后稀释成12吧X啤酒。试验选用优质麦芽，辅料为大米．各料的液化采用耐高温a一淀粉酶（丹麦NOVO公司生产）。在糖化工艺方面，与正常…     

应用糖浆高浓酿造啤酒的工艺浅析

高浓酿造啤酒起源于20世纪70年代美国和加拿大，现已遍及欧美啤酒行业。其优点有：(1)提高糖化和发酵设备利用率，节省投资；(2)降低能耗和成本；(3)提高糖分的转化率；(4)提高啤酒非生物稳定性和质量；(5)可添加稀释水、麦芽提取物、酒花萃取物及糖浆生产多类型产品，灵活性较大。缺点有：(1)酒花利用率低；(2)起泡性和稳定性下降；(3)对啤酒酵母有不利影响；(4)发酵时间延长；(5)对水质要求严格；(6)需调整原料、糖化工艺和发酵工艺；(7)长期生产需专门的糖浆贮存设备和糖浆添加泵；(8)不宜酿造浓醇型啤酒。     

啤酒高浓度发酵后稀释工艺的应用

本文对啤酒高浓度发酵后稀释酿造工艺进行探讨，主要讨论了高浓糖化、发酵和稀释过程及控制措施。结果表明，采取适合的啤酒高浓度发酵后稀释酿造技术，能有效地提高旺季产量、设备的利用率和降低成本。     

普通麦芽高辅料比糖化在啤酒生产中的应用

普通麦芽高辅料比糖化在啤酒生产中的应用王小兵四川食品与发酵，１９９３（４）：３２～３４使用国产普通麦芽进行高辅料比糖化，只要工艺控制得当，原料配比合适，适当添加酶制剂，完全能生产出高质量啤酒。①麦芽配比：粉状粒７５％的用量为麦芽总量的３０％，７０％的...     

啤酒高浓度发酵后稀释工艺的应用

本文对啤酒高度浓度发酵后稀释酿造工艺进行探讨，主要讨论了高浓糖化、发酵和稀释过程及控制措施，结果表明，采取适合的啤酒高浓度发酵后稀释酿造技术，能有效地提高旺季产量、设备的利用率和降低成本。     

用常规生产设备酿制稀释啤酒

本方法适用于以下情况：1．产品供不应求，近期一段时间内急需要增加生产量；2．中小型啤酒厂为开发系列产品，满足多层次消费需求，拓宽市场范围，但因资金短缺等因素暂时无能力购置整套啤酒稀释设备。一、工艺流程参考啤酒稀释一般工艺流程，将稀释用水进行软化、脱氧、冷却、碳酸化处理，然后与高浓发酵啤酒混合。（10”BX啤酒）（12”Bx）二、技术要来三．稀释水的处理①加热煮沸酿造水在煮沸锅内用乳酸调节酸度，使PH值控制在45～4．8然后加热至沸，煮沸3O分钟。煮沸可以降低水的暂时硬度；杀死水中各种微生物；沉淀析出水中热凝固…     

影响高浓啤酒发酵因素控制研究

70年代（TheBrewer1997,No．2）美国推出了“高浓发酵、后稀释工艺”,采用高浓度麦汁进行发酵,在过滤前用充CQZ的无菌水稀释成12“BX或以下浓度的啤酒[1]。高浓发酵具有提高生产率、节约能源、啤酒风味和稳定性好、提高设备利用率的优点[2]。R．McCaig等对啤酒高浓酿造已进行了较全面和深入的研究。在我国,华光啤酒厂于80年代首先推出了高浓发酵后稀释工艺,现在已有许多厂家采用,目前国外关于高浓发酵的麦汁浓度已达到30“BX左右。但是,高浓发酵随着麦汁浓度的提高,酵母对浓度的适应性发生变化,如对影响发酵的各因素控制不当…     

啤酒中的铁离子

铁离子可促进酵母生长发育;又可引起啤酒混浊、产生金属味,降低啤酒质量.啤酒中的铁离子主要来源于原辅材料、设备管件及酿造用水等.铁离子在酿造过程易发生氧化还原、催化和络合反应,对麦汁糖化、发酵及成品啤酒质量产生影响.控制铁离子含量的方法有:控制原辅料及所用水的铁离子含量;适当提高糖化醪液的pH值;选用优良、强壮的酵母种;选用含铁较少的硅藻土助滤剂;选用耐酸不锈钢容器和管道,并作好防腐措施.(孙悟)     

Behavior of mono-, di-, and trihydroxyoctadecenoic acids during mashing and methods of controlling their production

The behavior of mono-, di-, and trihydroxyoctadecenoic acids was investigated during laboratory-scale mashing under various conditions with a view to controlling their production. Using a malt in which the lipoxygenase activity was at only a trace level (less than 0.01 U/g) or starting the mashing at a higher temperature than that conventionally used (65 degrees C instead of 48 degrees C) significantly decreased the production of these hydroxy fatty acids. Lowering the pH of the mash to inhibit lipoxygenase activity and preventing O2 uptake by the mash using carbon dioxide were also effective in reducing the amounts of these acids produced during mashing. From the viewpoint of industrial-scale beer production, the prevention of O2 uptake by the mash was selected as an appropriate method for reducing oxidation during wort production without affecting the subsequent brewing process or the taste of the finished beer. After introducing oxidation prevention procedures, the content of trihydroxyoctadecenoic acids decreased by about 30% and the foam stability and taste were improved in commercial products brewed using less than 25% malts.     

锌离子在啤酒酿造中的作用与控制

啤酒中锌离子来源于麦芽、大米、酿造用水、酒花。Zn^2 在啤酒酿造过程中可起到催化荆作用，与氨基酸结合形成Zn-氨基酸螯合物。在啤酒酿造过程中，可激活酶提高酶的作用；促进糖化、发酵；促进蛋白质合成及其稳定性；缓解某金属离子的毒性作用，促进挥发物质的产生和双乙酰的还原，缩短发酵时间，提高啤酒质量；但含量过量会使啤酒非生物稳定性降低，影响啤酒质量。通过对糖化过程和发酵过程的控制，可降低醪液pH值。加入少量小麦芽，加入适量ZnCl2，ZnSO4及酵母营养盐等，可实现对Zn^2 的有效控制，达到最佳酿造浓度。     

低浓度淡爽型啤酒的酿造

以改善低浓度淡爽型啤酒品质为目的 ,提出了一种新颖的低浓度淡爽型啤酒的酿造方法 .采用二次煮出二段式糖化法 ,用 70 %麦芽和 3 0 %大米的原料配比 ,提高麦芽汁中糖与非糖的比值 ,并在糖化过程中添加啤酒酵母提取物作啤酒发酵的补充氮源 .所酿造的啤酒口味纯正 ,泡沫洁白细腻 ,持久挂杯 .     

外加酶法酿制低糖啤酒糖化工艺的研究

以普鲁兰酶Ｐｒｏｍｏｚｙｍｅ１２０Ｌ为重点，综合分析了外加酶糖化过程中影响麦汁总还原糖量和糖组成的各种因素，如各酶制剂的用量、糖化温度、料水比、物料比及各因素之间的相互作用等，确定了一套最优的糖化工艺方案。所得麦芽汁浸出率高、色度浅、粘度低、还原糖含量高；经过高效液相色谱分析（ＨＰＬＣ）表明，其糖组成合理；经过十天的发酵，发酵度达８２．２％，酒精分为６．４５５％（Ｗ／Ｗ）。     

浅谈四氢异构酒花浸膏在啤酒酿造中的应用

四氢异构酒花浸膏对啤酒有良好的光稳定性，与疏水性蛋白质结合，可增加啤酒的泡沫性能；可赋予啤酒纯正的苦味，增加啤酒的口感；降低啤酒的日光臭味；增加啤酒的非生物稳定性。用蒸馏水或去离子水将四氢异构酒花浸膏稀释10倍后用，添加量为浓度为5％四氢异构浸膏50ml/kl啤酒。（孙悟）     

SOME REASONS WHY HIGH GRAVITY BREWING HAS A NEGATIVE EFFECT ON HEAD RETENTION*

Our aim was to examine the effect of high gravity brewing on head retention with respect particularly to the effect of high gravity brewing on hydrophobic polypeptide levels. High gravity brewed beer had poorer head retention values when compared to a similarly brewed low gravity beer. Analysis of hydrophobic polypeptide levels in both high gravity wort (20° Plato) and low gravity wort (10° Plato) produced using a lauter tun, revealed that the high gravity wort contained 8% less hydrophobic polypeptide than the low gravity wort (undiluted basis). Analysis of hydrophobic polypeptides throughout the brewing process for these 10°P and 20°P brews demonstrated that the hydrophobic polypeptide content decreased, especially during the kettle boil and fermentation. Furthermore, the high gravity brewed beer suffered the greatest loss, leaving the final beer with approximately 40% less hydrophobic polypeptides than the low gravity beer. Brewing at 10°P and 20°P using a mash filter demonstrated that these filters can improve the head formation and stability of the resultant beers at sales gravity. However, the low gravity beer still produced a more stable foam (Rudin value 93 s) when compared to the high gravity beer (Rudin value 83 s). The mash filter slightly increased the hydrophobic polypeptide extraction. It is concluded that the mash filter produced higher hydrophobic polypeptide levels in the final beers, as well as having a positive effect on reducing the levels of foam negative compounds such as fatty acids in the wort, and therefore slightly improved head retention values .     

Measurement of Human Brain Activity Evoked by Stimulation of Beer Bitterness Using Magnetoencephalography

ABSTRACT: We tried to detect the human brain activity evoked by beer taste using magnetoencephalography Subjects did not perceive bitterness and tactile stimulus differences between water and commercial beer, through a small hole of the taste stimulator, but they perceived bitterness for the beer enriched with isohumulones. The increase in the magnetic fields after the stimulation onset was observed for the stimulus of the beer with addition of isohumulones but was not observed for the stimulus of water or commercial beer, supporting the subject's comments. In 76.2% of the all measurements for the beer enriched with isohumulones, the equivalent current dipoles, placed on a subject's 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging, were located at the transition between the parietal operculum and the insular cortex with latency at 326.7 ± 115.5 ms. These results indicated that the brain activity stimulated by beer bitterness could be detected.     

生物酸化技术在啤酒生产中的应用

生物酸化技术应用于啤酒生产可降低糖化醪pH值，实现对麦芽、糖化醪和麦芽汁的酸化。生物酸化可增加酶活。生物酸化技术在啤酒生产中的应用不仅能降低生产成本，而且还能提高啤酒质量；但对乳酸茵和工艺有严格的要求。（孙悟）     

Characterization of factors that transform linoleic acid into di- and trihydroxyoctadecenoic acids in mash

The qualities of beer are deteriorated by the presence of either di- or trihydroxyoctadecenoic acids, which reduce the beer 'head' and produce an astringent flavor. In this study we found that native extracts of malt mash transformed linoleic acid into di- and trihydroxyoctadecenoic acids, but this transforming activity and lipoxygenase activity were inactivated by heating the mash at 70 degrees C for 30 min. Recombinant barley lipoxygenase 1 was not able to transform linoleic acid into di- and trihydroxyoctadecenoic acids. The transforming activity of mash extract heated at 70 degrees C for 30 min could be restored by the addition of recombinant barley lipoxygenase 1; in contrast, the activity of boiled mash extract was not substantially restored by the recombinant enzyme. These results indicate that di- and trihydroxyoctadecenoic acids are generated from linoleic acid by both lipoxygenase and a heat-stable enzymatic factor present in the mash.