褐藻糖胶的萃取和反萃

研究了无机盐种类和浓度对N263萃取褐藻糖胶的影响. 结果表明,无机盐浓度是影响褐藻糖胶萃取的最主要因素, 褐藻糖胶的萃取率随盐浓度的增加而迅速降低,在无机盐存在下,增加萃取剂浓度并不能增加对褐藻糖胶的萃取. 用盐水溶液反萃不同条件下萃取的褐藻糖胶,结果表明,反萃率随盐浓度的增加而增加,在相同的氯离子浓度下,钠盐的反萃效率优于钙盐,随有机相中褐藻糖胶浓度的增加, 盐的反萃效率降低. 比较了不同溶剂作为稀释剂对用盐溶液反萃褐藻糖胶的影响,表明CCl4作为稀释剂时盐的反萃效率最低.     

反胶团萃取分离地木耳中藻蓝蛋白

采用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)反胶团萃取分离地木耳中藻蓝蛋白。分别考察水相pH值、离子强度和种类、有机相中有机溶剂配比、表面活性剂浓度和助溶剂浓度对萃取行为的影响;同时采用正交试验法,考察反萃取过程中反萃液种类、浓度和pH值对萃取液中藻蓝蛋白反萃取行为的影响,最终得到适宜的萃取分离工艺条件。结果表明:0.05mol/LCTAB/正己醇-正辛烷(体积比1∶4)的反胶团体系用于萃取pH=7的地木耳细胞破碎液,藻蓝蛋白萃取率可达98.1%,分配系数达到50.7;溶液中不同离子种类和强度对萃取率影响不同,萃取率随着离子强度增大而降低;采用pH=4.0、3mol/LKBr反萃液反萃藻蓝蛋白,反萃率可达98.5%,其纯度可达16.8。     

多级错流液液萃取法分离醋酸水溶液的研究

以醋酸正丙酯—正丙醇—NaCl的复合溶液为萃取剂,采用多级错流液液萃取法对醋酸水溶液进行分离。考察了静置时间、溶剂比及萃取级数对分离效果的影响。实验结果表明:当静置时间为60 min,溶剂比(S/F)为3∶1时,经过三级错流液液萃取后,萃余相中醋酸的质量含量为0.54%。文章研究结果为进一步研究提供了基础数据。     

混合离子交换树脂纯化褐藻糖胶的工艺研究

研究了混合离子交换树脂(按001×7强酸性苯乙烯系阳离子交换树脂和201×7强碱性阴离子交换树脂质量比1:1混合)对褐藻糖胶粗品的脱盐纯化工艺,同时考察了三氯乙酸法对褐藻糖胶溶液的脱蛋白效果。通过单因素实验,对影响混合离子交换树脂脱盐效果的料液比及脱盐时间进行了分析;通过研究溶液中蛋白质及总糖含量的变化规律,得出三氯乙酸法脱蛋白实验方法中三氯乙酸试剂的最佳添加量。结果表明:当料液体积与混合离子交换树脂质量的比例为1:3,脱盐时间为60分钟时脱盐效果最佳,脱盐率可达65.12%。三氯乙酸法脱蛋白实验方法中三氯乙酸试剂的最佳添加量为13%(V/V),脱蛋白率为85.17%。研究所确定的纯化工艺可以作为纯化分离褐藻糖胶的较佳工艺加以推广。     

络合萃取法提取L-苯丙氨酸转化液中的丙酮酸

选用三辛胺 (TOA)萃取L -苯丙氨酸转化液中的丙酮酸 ,研究了萃取时间、稀释剂、萃取剂浓度、水相pH值对平衡常数的影响以及反萃条件。结果表明 :萃取 15min即可达平衡 ,pH值低对萃取有利 ,极性稀释剂有利于萃取 ,TOA浓度以 0 .4～ 0 .6mol/L为好 ,2mol/L的NaOH可有效反萃丙酮酸     

络合萃取法从稀溶液中提取草酸

为深入认识二元酸的络合萃取平衡特性及萃取机理,以三辛胺（TOA）为络合剂,正辛醇为助溶剂,煤油为稀释剂,草酸为被萃溶质,进行了混合溶剂的萃取平衡实验研究,测定了络合剂的浓度、稀释剂的组成等因素对萃取平衡分配系数的影响,并对TOA萃取草酸的机理进行了探讨。实验结果表明,随TOA浓度的增大,萃取平衡分配系数呈增大趋势;随溶质初始浓度的增大,有机相的溶质浓度向饱和萃取量接近;饱和萃取量随络合剂浓度的增大而增大;稀释剂对萃取平衡的影响与TOA浓度有关,TOA浓度较小时,煤油的加入使萃取平衡分配系数减上,TOA浓度较大时,煤油的加入对萃取平衡影响较小。     

野菊花总黄酮的提取及萃取精制研究

用乙醇水溶液从野菊花中提取总黄酮,再用液-液萃取法进行萃取精制。提取阶段考察了乙醇浓度、液固比、温度、提取时间和提取次数对提取得率的影响,萃取阶段则考察了萃取剂种类、原料液浓度、相比和萃取次数对萃取率和萃取物纯度的影响。通过工艺优化,建立了一条从野菊花中提取总黄酮的工艺路线,即取40~50目的野菊花粉,加入70%的乙醇水溶液,液固比为20:1 mL g 1,在60℃下搅拌回流提取1 h,将提取液蒸干得野菊花浸膏;将野菊花浸膏重新溶解制成15 g L 1的水溶液作为原料液,加入水饱和的正丁醇作为萃取剂,相比为1,在25℃下振荡萃取1 h,萃取3次,所得萃取物的总黄酮纯度为32.4%。在多次萃取时还发现,第2、3次萃取物的总黄酮纯度较高(大于60%),可作为进一步分离提纯黄酮单体的原料。     

醋酸清洁生产工艺的研究

采用络合萃取法处理稀醋酸废水 ,使用填料萃取塔和反萃技术分离有机酸 ,在醋酸生产工艺中实现清洁生产。针对萃取剂的选择、填料萃取塔的操作特性和初步的反萃实验做了研究。使用三正辛胺 (TOA)和异辛醇为助溶剂 ,煤油为稀释剂(质量比为 3∶5∶2 ) ,在 4∶1的水相 /有机相相比下 ,4级错流萃取实验和模拟 3级逆流萃取后水相中残余醋酸的质量分数均降至6× 1 0 - 5,达到回用要求     

溶剂萃取法综述

对溶剂萃取法进行了综述。对近年来超临界流体萃取、双水相萃取、微波萃取、膜萃取、反胶团萃取、电泳萃取、超声萃取、预分散萃取、非平衡溶剂萃取技术研究应用进展作了评述。作为重要的分离提纯技术，溶剂萃取法的应用范围日趋广泛。     

褐藻糖胶吸湿、保湿性能的研究

以甘油和山梨醇为参照物,分别在两种相对湿度下考察了褐藻糖胶粗品和较纯品的吸湿、保湿率以及随时间的变化情况,并且探讨了保湿剂的选择原则.结果表明,褐藻糖胶具有一定程度的吸湿性和较持久的保湿性,尤其在较干燥环境下,保湿性优于甘油和山梨醇.因此,其作为保湿剂有着一定的应用前景.     

EXTRACTION EQUILIBRIUM OF PHENOL BY SULFURIC ACID SALTS OF TRIOCTYLAMINE

An investigation was undertaken involving the extraction equilibrium of phenol from an aqueous solution using trioctylamine sulfate salt (TOA salt)/trioctylamine (TOA) as the extractant. The purpose of using trioctylamine as the organic solvent is to increase the total capability of phenol extraction as well as to avoid the use of other organic solvents. In order to prevent the formation of a second phase from the reaction of trioctylamine and sulfuric acid, 1-octanol in an appropriate amount was added to make the organic solution homogeneous. Equilibrium distribution coefficients (K_d) in the extraction of phenol by TOA salt/TOA were measured for various operating conditions. The equilibrium distribution coefficient of phenol (K_d) between two phases decreased with increasing the initial concentration of phenol, thereby decreasing the initial concentration of sulfuric acid, and subsequently increasing the volume ratio of aqueous phase to organic phase. We recommended that the extraction is carried out at low temperature. A higher value of K_d up to 800 was obtained in using trioctylamine sulfate/trioctylamine as the extractant for equal volume ratio of aqueous phase to organic phase.     

用磷酸三丁酯萃取分离硫酸铵母液中的HCN

研究了磷酸三丁酯(TBP)-磺化煤油体系从重庆某企业甘氨酸生产副产物硫酸铵母液中萃取分离HCN的工艺,考察了萃取体系、TBP体积分数、母液初始pH值、相比(Vorg∶Vaq)对萃取HCN的影响以及氢氧化钠浓度、相比(Vaq∶Vorg)和平衡pH值对HCN反萃的影响。结果表明:选用TBP作为萃取剂能够对硫酸铵母液中的HCN进行快速有效的萃取;TBP体积分数、母液初始pH值及相比对HCN萃取率影响显著;以含体积分数35%TBP的有机相作萃取剂,在相比(Vorg∶Vaq)为2∶1的条件下,pH值为2.92的含氰1.71 g/L的硫酸铵母液经3级错流萃取,萃余液中含氰低于0.5 mg/L,氰的萃取率接近100%;在相比(Vaq∶Vorg)为1∶1条件下,以0.6 mol/L的氢氧化钠为反萃液,控制反萃液平衡pH值大于13.0,氰的单级反萃率大于96%;含氰0.78 g/L的有机相在相比为1∶1条件下,经过2级错流反萃,氰基本上被反萃完全,贫有机相不经过处理可循环使用。     

Cobalt–manganese separation: The extraction of cobalt(II) from manganese sulphate solutions by cyanex 301

The extraction and stripping reactions of cobalt(II) by Cyanex 301 in Iberfluid diluent from aqueous manganese sulphate solutions has been investigated. The effect of different variables which should influence the extraction-stripping of cobalt was evaluated, including equilibration time, temperature, organic diluent, extractant concentration, aqueous pH, cobalt loading, strip solution concentration, etc. The number of stages required for the extraction and stripping of cobalt was also evaluated. The results were used to define the conditions for the purification of manganese sulphate solutions. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry     

KINETICS OF PHENOL EXTRACTION FROM AQUEOUS PHASE BY SULFURIC ACID SALTS OF TRIOCTYLAMINE

The kinetics of the extraction of phenol from the aqueous phase by sulfuric acid salts of trioctylamine (TOA salts) in kerosene and the stripping of phenol from the organic phase by sodium hydroxide solution were studied using a constant interfacial area cell. Measurements of the extraction and stripping rates were made by measuring the time-dependent phenol concentrations in the aqueous phase. It is found that the extraction rate of phenol is strongly dependent on the initial concentration of phenol in the aqueous phase and on the initial concentration of TOA salts in the organic solvent. However, the effect of the total sulfate concentration and the acidic concentration on the extraction rate are not significant. The stripping rate is only a function of the initial concentration of phenol in the TOA salt-organic phase. By analyzing the experimental data, it was recognized that the extraction of phenol occurs at the interface, rather than in the bulk of the solution. The diffusion resistance, rather than the resistance of chemical reaction, is the rate-controlling step for the phenol extraction. Based on the experimental data, simple expressions of the extraction rate and stripping rate of phenol were obtained.     

不同pH值下酚类的络合萃取

络合萃取法分离极性有机物稀溶液具有高效性和高选择性。在已有工作基础上,利用三正辛胺(TDA)、磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为络合剂,正辛醇、甲墓异丁基酮(MIBK)或煤油为稀释剂,在较宽的pH值条件下实验测定了酚类稀溶液的萃取相平衡分配系数;讨论了络合剂种类、络合剂浓度、稀释剂种类以及被萃取溶质种类对络合萃取相平衡分配系数的影响;提出了同时考虑络合萃取作用和物理萃取作用的平衡分配系数的表达式。     

Extraction of copper from dilute solutions by LIX 64N. Effect of dekalin and tetralin as diluents on the equilibrium and rate of mass transfer

Liquid-liquid equilibrium data and mass transfer rates for the extraction of copper from dilute aqueous sulphate solutions by LIX 64N with dekalin (decahydronaphthalene) and tetralin (1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene) as diluents are reported. The stripping of copper from the organic phase was also studied. For an initial copper concentration of 1.5 g dm^?3 extraction efficiency decreases as the concentration of tetralin increases in the diluent mixtures of dekalin-tetralin. This behaviour is explained as a result of the formation of oxime aggregates and the interaction between the oxime and the diluent. Initial rates of extraction and stripping were determined by the single drop technique. The linear relation between initial rates of extraction and the difference of interfacial tension between the extractant in the diluent and the diluent itself holds for the system under investigation.     

液液萃取技术在低浓度乙醇水溶液样品检测前处理中的应用

采用液液萃取技术浓缩水中的低浓度乙醇后,用气相色谱法进行测定。首先优化以甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)为萃取剂的萃取条件:初始乙醇溶液的质量分数win=1.032%、水相与有机相的体积比5∶1,萃取温度291.2 K,搅拌速度为200 r/min.在此基础上,分别加入固体无机盐和离子液体强化液液萃取过程,结果表明固体无机盐K2CO3的盐效应最为明显;随着盐浓度的增加,萃取后有机相中乙醇的质量分数wo也随之增大,从而实现对乙醇水溶液的显著浓缩作用。盐效应的分离机理进一步通过红外光谱分析和量子化学计算,从分子结构和分子间相互作用力方面进行解释,因而实验、理论分析和计算结果保持一致。该样品检测前处理方法具有重现性好、准确度高、快速、简便的特点,且无工业放大效应,为分析水中低浓度有机物提供参考价值。本文中将化工分离过程强化技术应用于样品检测前处理中,体现了化学工程与分析化学的跨学科结合。     

三辛胺萃取分离苹果酸的特性

为探讨有机羧酸的成键机理，以二元有机酸－苹果酸为分离溶质，实验测定了三辛胺（TOA）在正辛醇、甲基异丁基酮（MIBK）和氯仿三种稀释剂中萃取苹果酸的平衡及负载溶剂红外光谱特性，结果表明，TOA浓度，稀释剂种类对萃取平衡的影响与苹果酸的浓度有关；平衡水相酸的浓度较低时，萃取剂可提供较大的萃取能力，TOA的化学计量饱和后，存在“过载”现象，且过载量为MIBK＞正辛醇＞氯仿，TOA萃取苹果酸的萃合物主要为酸胺比为（2：1），（1：1）和（1：2）等三种形式，其中（1：2）萃合物中苹果酸与TOA之间的结合一个是离子对成盐，一个是氢键缔合，同时，以质量作用定律为基础，建立了描述萃取平衡的数学模型，求得了相应的反应萃取平衡常数K11，K12，K21。     

MASS TRANSFER OF SULFURIC ACID BY TRIOCTYLAMINE THROUGH A SUPPORTED LIQUID MEMBRANE

The extraction of sulfuric acid in a supported-liquid membrane (SLM) process, and the kinetics of extraction and stripping of sulfuric acid in a cell of constant interfacial area by trioctylamine (TOA)/kerosene solvent were investigated. The kinetics of extraction and stripping were determined by examining the effects of the operating variables. The extraction rate is a function of the activity of sulfuric acid and the concentration of TOA; the stripping rate is a function of the concentration of trioctylamine sulfate salts in the organic solution. A generalized transport model, which included the film diffusion of sulfuric acid in the aqueous phase, the membrane diffusion within the SLM, and the interfacial chemical reaction, was built. The permeability of sulfuric acid through the SLM using TOA as a mobile carrier was determined. The rate-determining step of the extraction of sulfuric acid through a SLM was analyzed using the data obtained from the experiments of extraction kinetics and the mass transfer in the aqueous phase. Diffusion within the membrane dominates the process of extraction process of sulfuric acid by TOA through a SLM.