无机类抗菌材料

抗菌材料是指能抑制细菌的生长、发育和繁殖，并且数量能得到控制的材料．此类材料在工业生产和日常生活中占有重要地位，具有广泛用途． 抗菌材料通常分为无机抗菌材料和有机抗菌材料．无机抗菌材料一般是金属材料，如银、铜、锌等以及目前快速发展的载银抗菌材料、含铜不锈钢、二氧化钛等等．有机抗菌材料包括各种有机酸、有机酯、醇和酚类．无机抗菌材料具有长久性、耐热性、广谱性及安全性等优点．近年来，无机类抗菌材料得到快速研制与开发．此文主要介绍研究比较成熟，并且已得到部分应用的三种无机类抗菌材料，即载银抗菌材料、含用…     

载银抗菌金属材料研究概况

银离子在低浓度下即可发挥优异的广谱抗菌效果且安全、低毒而被广泛应用于抗菌材料的研制。文章概述了载银抗菌金属材料的特点,以目前比较常用的几种制备工艺为重点,介绍了国内外含银抗菌金属材料的研制现状,并归纳了银的抗菌机理、抗菌效果影响因素。讨论了当前研究存在的主要问题,提出了未来的研究方向。     

载银麦饭石的制备及其抗菌性能研究

研究了以麦饭石为载体,AgNO3溶液为反应溶液制备载银麦饭石的方法。考察了麦饭石不同处理方法、AgNO3溶液的浓度、pH值及反应时间对麦饭石载银量的影响。麦饭石的粒度小于74μm,经碱洗处理后在100℃烘干,AgNO3浓度为0.1mol/L、溶液pH值控制在6～7,室温条件下浸泡2h,麦饭石的最大载银量为1.25%,麦饭石的载银机理是银离子与麦饭石结构的阳离子发生交换反应。抗菌实验表明载银麦饭石对大肠杆菌的抗菌性能显著优于未载银的麦饭石,随着载银麦饭石处理温度的升高,抗菌性能下降。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定载银沸石中银

研究了载银沸石中银含量的火焰原子吸收光谱测定方法.样品在低温下用硝酸溶解,试液过滤后直接用火焰原子吸收方法进行测定.实验结果表明:大量沸石对银的测定产生干扰,可通过配制沸石基质标准工作溶液消除干扰.在最佳实验条件下,银的质量浓度在0.40～15.00 g/ml与10.00～100.00g/ml范围内分别符合比尔定律,检出限为0.11g/ml,样品加标回收率为97%～103%.该方法可用于载银沸石中银含量的测定.     

载银羟基磷灰石的制备与表征

以羟基磷灰石为载体、硝酸银为反应液,采用离子交换法制备出载银羟基磷灰石抗菌剂。考察了羟基磷灰石预煅烧温度、硝酸银浓度、反应时间、反应温度对复合材料载银量的影响,得出最佳的工艺条件:未经预煅烧的羟基磷灰石在硝酸银浓度为2g/L时,40℃反应2h。利用XRD、FT-IR及TEM对复合材料进行物相及形貌分析,结果显示银离子进入羟基磷灰石有两种方式,一种是取代钙离子进入晶格,另一种是物理吸附于羟基磷灰石表面。     

医用钛合金表面载银抗菌涂层的研究进展

介绍了抗菌涂层的应用背景、研究意义、分类与基本特性,初步探讨了载银抗菌涂层的抗菌作用机理,重点归纳和总结了国内外载银抗菌涂层的研究进展,最后展望了医用钛合金表面载银抗菌涂层的研究和发展方向。     

载银抗菌无纺布制备

介绍了一种载银抗菌无纺布的制备方法,将２μｍ－３μｍ的载银硼硅酸盐玻璃发散在去离子水中,加上聚乙烯醇粘结液,悬浮,再将悬浮液喷洒在无纺布上,自然晒干,得抗菌无纺布。在抗菌试验结果表明,该无纺布在３０ｍｉｎ内可杀灭常见致病细菌如大肠杆菌,金黄色葡萄球菌等,其杀灭率为１００％。     

纯钛表面两步电化学法制备载银多孔涂层

在医用纯钛表面先采用阳极氧化法制备TiO2纳米管预涂层,然后通过AgNO3溶液浸泡和紫外光照射处理实现银颗粒在预涂层上的固定,再经过微弧氧化处理制备出载银多孔涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对涂层表面形貌、载银量、银元素纵向分布及特征进行了表征,并通过金黄色葡萄球菌检验了涂层的抗菌性能。结果表明:两步电化学法可以在纯钛表面制备出含银量较高的多孔涂层,涂层中银元素大部分以纳米颗粒形式存在,涂层表面和最外层Ag元素主要以氧化物的形式存在,而沿涂层法向向内Ag单质与Ag氧化物共存,且涂层具有良好的抗菌性能。     

医用纯钛表面载银钙磷涂层的制备研究

在含有Ca、P元素和纳米银的电解液中,通过微弧氧化处理在医用纯钛表面制备出兼具抗菌元素银和生物活性元素Ca、P的载银钙磷复合涂层。通过SEM、XRD和EDS研究了电压对涂层的表面形貌、相组成和元素特征的影响,并利用XPS对涂层元素组成和纵向分布进行了分析。结果表明,涂层表面布满微孔,且含有较大量Ca、P元素和纳米银颗粒,纳米银主要以氧化物形式存在,并可根据改变微弧氧化电压来调整涂层中Ca、P和银元素的含量。     

Antibacterial TaN-Ag coatings on titanium dental implants

Titanium-based materials have been used for dental implants due to their excellent biological compatibility, superior mechanical strength and high corrosion resistance. The osseointegration of titanium dental implants is related to their composition and surface treatment. A better anti-bacterial performance of the abutment seated in the prosthetic crown is beneficial for the osseointegration and for avoiding the infection after implantation surgery. In this study, TaN-Ag coatings with different Ag contents were deposited on a bio-grade pure Ti dental implant material. A twin-gun magnetron sputtering system was used for the deposition of TaN-Ag coatings. The Ag content in the deposited coatings was controlled by the magnetron power ratio of Ag/(Ta + Ag) targets. To verify the susceptibility of implant surface to bacterial adhesion, Staphylococcus aureus, one of the major pathogen frequently found in the implant-associated infections, was chosen for in vitro anti-bacterial analyses. In addition, the biocompatibility of human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells on coatings was also evaluated. A composite structure of crystalline TaN and Ag nanoparticles was identified. The TaN-Ag coating with the highest Ag content of 21.4 at.% possessed the lowest bacterial retention and viability of S. aureus. From the MTT assay test, the mean optical density values for the TaN and TaN-Ag coated samples after 72 h of HGF adhesion were greater than the value obtained from the uncoated Ti. The results suggested that the TaN-Ag coatings improve antibacterial performance with compatible biological response.     

Enviro-Friendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Berberis lycium Leaf Extract and Their Antibacterial Efficacy

In the present study,an enviro-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Berberis lycium Royle leaf extract and their antibacterial efficacy against five pathogenic bacteria were investigated.This biosynthesis technique is proved to be advantageous over physical and chemical methods as no toxic chemicals are used.The structural and morphological characterization was made by UV-visible spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and transmission electron microscopy.The synthesized nanoparticles were oval,rectangular,and spherical in shape,size ranges from 8 to 100 nm and exhibited an absorption peak at 458 nm.The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles have shown good antibacterial effect toward tested bacteria.It is believed that these biosynthesized silver nanoparticles can play a vital role in nano-based products in future.     

Antibacterial properties of silver containing diamond like carbon coatings produced by ion induced polymer densification

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) is known to be a versatile coating material for biomedical applications like endoprosthesis and dental implants. It provides mechanical robustness and cell-compatibility at the same time. To even more broaden this range of beneficial properties, it is tried to add antibacterial properties by incorporating silver nanoparticles. In this paper we discuss a novel approach to producing such coatings, capable of circumventing typical drawbacks of conventional deposition methods. To investigate the potential antibacterial properties an in vitro adhesion assay was created. Thereto Streptococcus sanguinis (DSM 20068) responsible for initial biofilm formation in peri-implant infection has been used. The results clearly show that silver nanoparticles are crucial for the antimicrobial effect as long as they are incorporated in the DLC-surface so that the adhering bacteria are directly exposed.     

Antibacterial properties of vacuum plasma sprayed titanium coatings after chemical treatment

Implant-related infection is one of the common clinical complications that cause high rates of mortality and morbidity in orthopedic surgery. Endowing implant antibacterial properties is a useful method to reduce such infection. In this paper, vacuum plasma sprayed titanium coatings were treated by NaOH solution firstly, and then antimicrobial silver was introduced into the coatings by immersing in 0.02 mM (denoted as CA1), 0.06 mM (denoted as CA2) and 0.1 mM (denoted as CA3) Ag⁺ containing calcification solution. Antibacterial property of the treated titanium coatings was examined by employing three types of bacteria stains, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. X-Ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the phase composition and surface morphology of the modified titanium coatings. Results showed that all of the three kinds of coatings exhibited more than 90.00% antibacterial ratio except CA1 to Staphylococcus aureus which is 63.30%. The release of silver in physiological environment was monitored and it was found that the excellent antibacterial property of the treated coatings was attributed to the release of silver.     

双层辉光法制备含银抗菌不锈钢层工艺

为了研究双层辉光法制备含银抗菌不锈钢层,通过抗菌试验、盐干湿循环腐蚀试验、SEM、XPS等手段,研究了扩散工艺参数与抗菌性能、耐蚀性能之间的关系.结果表明,双层辉光法制备含银抗菌不锈钢层的可行工艺参数为:电压1.2kV,气流量为20～40ml/min,时间为3h;含银抗菌不锈钢的杀菌率可达到100%,耐蚀性能没有降低;银在基体中呈弥散状态分布,其价态为一价.     

整体系抗菌不锈钢材料及其制造技术

整体系抗菌不锈钢按组织分为铁素体钢、马氏体钢和奥氏体钢。铁素体抗菌不锈钢的抗菌成分有Cu、Ag；马氏体抗菌不锈钢的抗菌成分为Cu；奥氏体抗菌不锈钢的抗菌成分有Cu、Ag、V、AgO、Ag2S、Cu—Ag—Zn中间合金、银铜配合、Ce。分析了存在的问题，并提出了建议。     

金属离子沸石的制备及其抗菌活性

研究了Ａｇ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ离子沸石的制备方法和抗菌作用,考察其在不同时间内对细菌和真菌的杀灭率。当沸石中金属含量相同时,杀灭率为Ａｇ离子沸石〉Ｃｕ离子沸石〉Ｚｎ离子沸石;     

硬质合金高端产品及新材料发展趋势分析

2011年国家再次将高端硬质合金列入《新材料产业"十二五"发展规划》重点发展新材料。本文从切削工具、采掘工具、耐磨零件三大硬质合金核心应用领域的产品市场发展前景出发,阐明了硬质合金领域具有代表性的高技术含量、高附加值产品及其预期性能指标,重点分析了超细及纳米硬质合金、超粗晶硬质合金、涂层技术及钨资源高效、环保综合利用等方面亟需突破的关键技术,综述了金属陶瓷刀具、新型粘结相硬质合金、金刚石弥散强化硬质合金、超细无粘结相WC硬质合金、钢结硬质合金等值得关注的发展方向。希望对我国发展高端硬质合金,全面提升硬质合金产品质量和档次提供有益的参考。     

磁控溅射WCu抗菌薄膜的结构与性能

采用磁控溅射技术在载玻片上制备了钨铜薄膜。结构分析表明,薄膜的沉积速率和铜含量随铜靶电流的增大而升高,晶粒尺寸和显微硬度随铜靶电流的增大而下降。钨铜薄膜形成了固溶体,在铜含量较高时也有铜颗粒析出。WCu薄膜具有较高的疏水性,薄膜润湿性、液滴尺寸和环境温湿度都影响水滴和水膜的干燥时间。平板计数和菌液喷雾抗菌实验表明,WCu薄膜对大肠杆菌具有良好的抗菌作用。WCu薄膜有望用于环境设施的抗微生物表面改性。     

抗菌金属材料的开发

在同一环境下含银和含铜不锈钢的抗菌性评价〔1〕　采用如下表所列成分的抗菌不锈钢片切割成 2 5mm× 2 5mm尺寸的试样 ,埋入树脂中经砂纸4 0 0 #研磨到 15 0 0 # ,经酒精灭菌后再经紫外线照射并充分干燥后用于试验。按照日本抗菌制品技术% (质量 )CMnNiCrAg Cu试样 10 0 0 2 0 12 -16 860 0 5 6-试样 2 0 0 63 1 0 3 8 1718 63 0 0 46-试样 3 0 0 110 2 0 0 1717 40 -1 40试样 40 0 111 789 3 718 14 -3 78试样 5 0 3 10 0 490 12 13 0 4-3 0 1评议会 (SIAA)的评定标准 (JISZ2 80 1)进行抗菌性评价试验。并按照下列公…