平板形障碍物对气云爆炸强度影响的实验研究

以乙炔 -空气为介质实验研究了平板形障碍物对可燃气云爆燃强度的影响 ,运用曲线拟合方法获得了弱点火条件下气云爆燃时平板形障碍物上的压力分布与气云初始半径、平板离开爆源中心的距离之间的关系式 ,为气云爆炸的缩放研究提供了基础 .讨论了平板形障碍物对气云爆燃强度的影响 .     

圆柱形可燃气云爆炸实验研究与数值模拟

与半球形可燃气云模型相比,圆柱形模型更接近于气云爆炸事故的实际情况。进行了乙炔浓度7.75%、气云体积0.26m³的圆柱形可燃气云爆炸实验,记录了距气云中心1.2 m与1.6 m两点的爆炸超压。建立了描述气云爆炸的理论模型,采用SIMPLE算法编制了计算程序。计算结果经实验数据考核,最大与平均相对偏差分别 为18.3%与5.4%,证实程序满足气云爆炸模拟与预测的要求。研究结果显示：爆炸流场不具备球形对称的性质,爆炸超压与火焰传播方向有关,当气云高径比0.2时,沿地面方向的最大超压可达垂直方向的3.3倍;气云体积不变而形状变化时,爆炸强度随着高径比的增大而增大,高径比1.0时的最大超压可达高径比0.1时的3.1倍;气云高径比降低时,火焰传播距离增大,燃烧时间增长,气云释能速率下降,因此爆炸超压降低。研究结果对可燃气云爆炸灾害的预测具有一定的指导意义。     

障碍物对管道中预混火焰压力发展的实验研究

研究了管路中甲烷爆炸过程中火焰传播规律和加速机理以及由于障碍物引起的火焰加速而导致的管内压力上升现象。研究结果表明,障碍物的存在对甲烷爆炸过程中火焰传播规律以及管内压力的影响十分巨大,障碍物的存在将使瓦斯爆炸过程中火烙的传播速度迅速提高,导致压力大幅度上升。加速作用的机理主要是由于障碍物诱导的湍流区对燃烧过程的正反馈造成的。     

可燃气云爆炸火焰加速机制的探讨

综述了可燃气云爆炸过程中火焰加速机制的研究现状 ,讨论了几种火焰加速机理     

无约束气云弱点火爆炸压力实验研究

引　言在可燃气体的输送、贮存、加工和使用过程中由可燃气体泄漏而形成的气云爆炸已给人类社会造成了巨大的人员伤亡和财产损失 ,近年来发生在我国的几起重大气云爆炸事故无不令人触目惊心 ,可见研究气云爆炸成灾模式及防治技术具有重要的社会和经济意义 .要防治可燃气云爆炸给社会造成的巨大灾难 ,首先就要掌握气云爆炸的强度 .关于可燃气云爆炸的研究可分为两大类 :一类是针对军事领域研究由炸药点燃气云从而形成爆轰波的过程[1,2 ] ;另一类是针对工业领域研究弱点火 (通常指点火能量小于10 0Ｊ)条件下的工业气云的爆炸过程[3～ 5] ,这正…     

可燃气云爆炸强度计算综述

综述了可燃气云爆炸强度的计算研究现状,对已提出的两种计算方法进行了讨论。     

储罐内可燃气云爆炸压力数值模拟对比分析研究

以立式拱顶储罐为研究对象,针对其内部可燃气云爆炸问题,分别采用TNT当量法和计算流体动力学(CFD)方法建立了二维简化模型,对其内部爆炸流场进行了数值模拟研究。通过对比两种方法获得的罐内测点位置超压时程曲线,罐内超压、速度云图,研究了储罐内部的动态压力变化和罐壁压力分布规律。研究表明:两种方法计算的峰值压力在靠近罐壁和罐顶中心处较接近;在储罐顶壁连接处相差约30%。由于CFD方法考虑了可燃气云化学反应速率、温度等因素,其升压速度和压力波动规律相较于TNT当量法更平缓,能更合理地对储罐内部可燃气云爆炸压力场进行描述。     

开敞空间可燃气云爆炸的数值模拟与实验研究

基于改进的Bakke-Hjertager燃烧模型与相应的控制方程,建立了描述可燃气云爆炸的理论模型。采用SIMPLE算法,对气云爆炸场进行了数值模拟。以0．02mm厚度的聚乙烯薄膜为约束物,进行了半球形乙炔／空气预混气云爆炸实验。实验分别在0．5、0．75、1、1．25m4个气云半径下进行,数据采集系统记录了超压分布。计算超压与实验值相比较,最大偏差为11．9％,平均偏差为4．14％。结果表明,本文方法可以用来预测可燃气云爆炸强度。     

开敞空间可燃气云爆炸研究进展

就国内、外有关开敞空间可燃气云爆炸的文献 ,对其模拟方法及实验研究进行了较为全面的综述。其中所介绍的研究方法主要有纯理论计算、半理论半实验、实验研究 3种     

开敝空间可燃气云爆炸研究进展

就国内、外有关开敝空间可燃气云爆炸的文献,对其模拟方法及实验研究进行了较为全面的综述。其中所介绍的研究方法主要有纯理论计算、半理论半实验、实验研究3种。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.