复杂地表区地震资料静校正方法研究

针对复杂地表区地震资料的静校正问题,本次研究根据复杂地表区地震资料的基本特点,分别对层析静校正技术、折射波剩余静校正技术以及反射波剩余静校正技术分别进行全面研究,为推动我国复杂地表区地震资料静校正技术的进一步发展奠定基础.研究表明:通过使用三种类型的静校正技术,可以防止复杂地表环境对地震反射波产生影响,进而使得反射波成...     

层析静校正在伊通西北缘探区中的应用

吉林探区伊通盆地西北缘资料近地表结构复杂,激发和接收条件较差,静校正问题严重,CMP道集不能同相叠加,对地震数据处理的要求很高,采用层析静校正方法反演近地表结构,获得较准确的表层模型和静校正量,以保证西北缘的成像精度。     

井约束下的层析静校正与综合全局寻优静校正联合应用技术

在地震资料处理过程中,静校正的左右极为重要,它的好坏直接影响着地震资料的剖面成果。针对复杂地形的地表特征,基于静校正的基础理论,通过初至波网络层析静校正技术,综合应用工区收集到的46口微测井资料,结合三维初至波网格层析静校正、全局寻优SAGA地表一致性反射波剩余静校正技术,有效地解决了复杂地区的静校正问题。该技术的应用为复杂地区静校正问题突出的地方提供了新的思路,应用效果前景很好。     

陕北富县复杂地区地震资料处理静校正技术研究与应用

静校正方法有很多种 ,针对陕北富县复杂地区 ,我们选择了野外静校正量估算、初至波折射静校正量估算、剩余静校正量估算等三种办法 ,通过静校正量的准确求取 ,为复杂地区地震剖面处理质量提高起到了十分重要的作用。     

二次层析静校正在黄土高原区应用

陕西某油气勘探区地表剧烈起伏、纵横向速度变化大。所采集到的单炮初至不清楚,拾取非常困难。一般的折射静校正方法很难完全解决该地区的静校正问题。本文运用二次层析静校正的方法,逐步提高拾取精度,两次层析静校正计算可逐步消除该地区的长、中、短波长问题,最终得到较好的叠加剖面。     

ESMODEL层析反演静校正方法应用研究

静校正处理是地震资料常规处理中的一个关键环节,主要用于解决近地表低降速带等导致的静校正问题。在复杂近地表地区,静校正处理的好坏直接影响到地震资料的最终成像质量。本文简要阐述了ESMODEL折射波层析静校正方法基本原理,探讨了ESM0DEL静校正技术在实际地震资料处理应用中的几个关键点,并总结了ESMODEL静校正方法的适应性条件,为更好的理解和使用ESMODEL静校正技术提供了有力的实践指导。实际资料处理表明,ESMODEI静校正方法对于复杂地表,特别是低速带厚度与速度横向变化比较剧烈情况下的复杂近地表地区,均具有显著的处理效果。     

层析静校正技术在高原山地低信噪比地区应用

藏北羌塘地区海拔5000m以上,近地表岩性横向变化剧烈,低降速带厚度和速度变化较快,局部灰岩出露,静校正问题突出;处理中开展了低信噪比初至拾取、层析静校正技术研究,总结了一套适合高原山地低信噪比地区静校正处理技术,解决了羌塘地区严重的静校正问题。     

基于地表一致性静校正误差及分析

我国西部山区地形复杂，地震勘探中的静校正问题尤其严重。生产中使用的静校正方法繁多，但基本都基于地表一致性假设，即假定地震波路径在近地表层垂直传播，这是基于假设地表速度远低于下覆层，但实际地质情况却经常与地表一致性假设不符。本文通过对理论模型的基于地表一致性静校正误差计算和分析，表明基于地表一致性静校正误差主要与基准面的高程、炮检距和基准面与炮点或检波点的高差等因素有关。     

表层模型层析反演静校正在煤田勘探中的应用

基于复杂山区地表剧烈起伏,速度纵、横向变化大的情况,对提高静校正精度以取得良好地震成像效果进行分析研究。无论是假设前提还是实际应用效果,建立在水平折射面假设基础之上折射波静校正方法均不适应。表层模型层析反演根据正演初至时间与实际初至时间的误差来修正速度模型,经反复迭代,最终达到要求的误差精度。不受地表及近地表结构纵横向变化的约束,从而达到提高静校正质量的目的。     

表层模型层析反演静校正在煤田勘探中的应用

基于复杂山区地表剧烈起伏,速度纵、横向变化大的情况,对提高静校正精度以取得良好地震成像效果进行分析研究。无论是假设前提还是实际应用效果,建立在水平折射面假设基础之上折射波静校正方法均不适应。表层模型层析反演根据正演初至时间与实际初至时间的误差来修正速度模型,经反复迭代,最终达到要求的误差精度。不受地表及近地表结构纵横向变化的约束,从而达到提高静校正质量的目的。     

Dynamics and control of thin film surface microstructure in a complex deposition process

In this work, a complex deposition process, which includes two types of macromolecules whose growth behaviors are very different, is investigated. This deposition process is influenced by both short- and long-range interactions. The study of this process is motivated by recent experimental results on the growth of high-κ dielectric thin films using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. A multi-component kinetic Monte-Carlo (kMC) model is developed for the deposition. Both single- and multi-component cases are simulated and the dependence of the surface microstructure of the thin film, such as island size and surface roughness, on substrate temperature and gas phase composition is studied. The surface morphology is found to be strongly influenced by these two factors and growth regimes governed by short- and long-range interactions are observed. Furthermore, two kMC model-based feedback control schemes which use the substrate temperature to control the final surface roughness of the thin film are proposed. The closed-loop simulation results demonstrate that robust deposition with controlled thin film surface roughness can be achieved under a kMC estimator-based proportional integral (PI) feedback controller in the short-range interaction dominated growth regime, while a kMC model-predictive controller is needed to control the surface roughness in the long-range interaction dominated growth regime.     

响应面法优化壳聚糖席夫碱合成工艺

利用乙醇为溶剂,以壳聚糖和苯甲醛为原料,合成了苯甲醛壳聚糖席夫碱(B-CTS)。考察反应温度、苯甲醛用量、反应时间、pH值对产物缩合率的影响,使用响应面分析法对合成工艺进行优化。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:反应温度70℃,pH=6,苯甲醛用量1.30 g,反应时间4 h。此工艺条件下,产物缩合率92.93%。建立的B-CTS缩合率二次回归方程,能有效地预测实验结果。     

组合式旋流干燥与旋风干燥工艺技术对比

分别从工艺技术方案、设备投资与能耗、生产过程控制及产品质量4个方面对目前世界上最先进的两种聚氯乙烯干燥技术进行对比,组合式旋流干燥在工艺技术方案上具有更大的合理性及优越性,设备投资少,能耗低,操作弹性大,对离心机下料含水及蒸流压力范围要求较宽。     

Application of response surface methodology to the chemical cleaning process of ultrafiltration membrane☆

A numerical model was established to predict and optimise the chemical cleaning process of Polyvinylidene Fluoride(PVDF)Ultra filtration(UF)membranes with the results from the experiment that applied the Response Surface Method(RSM)and Central Composite Design(CCD).The factors considered in the experimental design were sodium hydroxide(NaOH)concentration,sodium hypochlorite concentration(NaClO),citric acid concentration and cleaning duration.The interactions between the factors were investigated with the numerical model.Humic acid(20 mg·L-1)was used as the model foulant,and chemical enhanced back flush(CEB)was employed to simulate the chemical cleaning process.The concentrations of sodium hydroxide,sodium hypochlorite,citric acid and cleaning duration tested during the experiments were in the range of 0.1%–0.3%,100–300 mg·L-1,1%–3%and 0.5–1.5 h,respectively.Among the variables,the sodium hypochlorite concentration and the cleaning duration showed a positive relationship involving the increased ef ficiency of the chemical cleaning.The chemical cleaning ef ficiency was hardly improved with increasing concentrations of sodium hydroxide.However,the data was sharply decreased when at a low level of sodium hydroxide concentration.In total,54 sets of cleaning schemes with 80%to 100%cleaning ef ficiency were observed with the RSM model after calibration.     

Application of response surface methodology for modeling and optimization of membrane distillation desalination process

In this work, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for modeling and optimization of operating parameters for water desalination by direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) process using polypropylene membrane (PP) with low pore size. Operating parameters including vapor pressure difference, feed flow rate, permeate flow rate and feed ionic strength were selected and the optimum parameters were determined for DCMD permeate flux. The developed model for permeate flux response was statistically validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) which showed a high value coefficient of determination value (R² = 0.989). The obtained optimum operating parameters were found to be 0.355 × 10⁵ Pa of vapor pressure difference, feed flow rate of 73.6 L/h, and permeate flow rate of 17.1 L/h and feed ionic strength of 309 mM. Under these conditions, the permeate flux was 4.191 L/(m² h). Compared to a predicted value, the deviation was 3.9%, which confirms the validity of the model for the DCMD process desalination optimization. In terms of product water quality, the DCMD process using hydrophobic PP membrane can produce high quality of water with low electrical conductivity for all experimental runs.     

Chlorination by-products in surface water treatment process

Chlorine disinfection is carried out for the purpose of sterilization of microbes existing in drinking water. Chlorination may cause the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) by the reaction of free chlorine with humic substance in the water. In particular, the DBPs including trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), haloacetonitriles (HANs), and haloketones exist in tap water. The US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) suggests 80 μg/L THMs and 60 μg/L HAAs as maximum contamination levels for drinking water. This study was performed to detect the level of DBPs in drinking water and to measure disinfection by-product formation potential (DBPFP) of raw water with four different properties. After 24 h of chlorination, the measured level of trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP), haloacetic acid formation potential, and haloacetonitrile formation potential ranged from 55.0 to 102.6 μg/L, from 9.1 to 23.6 μg/L, and from 10.3 to 33.6 μg/L, respectively. DBPFP was the highest at pH 7.0 and increased with the reaction time. Among the DBPFP, THMFP was detected more frequently than the others. In the treated water, DBPs were measured with a mean value of 47.0 μg/L. Chloroform, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, and dichloronitrile all known as hazardous compounds, were measured as major parts of DBPs.     

Application of surface treatments on releasing adhesion force during thermoplastic polyurethane injection molding process

With injection molding process, thermoplastic polyurethane is generally used to fabricate shoes, boots, rollers and golf balls, etc. However, serious adhesion causes molded part difficult to be released from tool surface. To alleviate adhesion force during ejection stage, chromium‐nitride (CrN) based and diamond like carbon (DLC) coatings prepared by physical vapor deposition were coated on mold cavity surface. Single layer CrN and modifying CrN coatings were found to be beneficial to alleviate adhesion force whereas multilayer CrN and DLC surface treatments were ineffective during continuous experiments. Further investigation found that single layer CrN and modifying CrN both had excellent water‐repellency properties with low surface energy and exhibited the distinctive conical structure with uniform grain size. Although multilayer CrN coating exhibited similar morphology as that of single layer CrN coating, it showed significant variations in grain size and height. In contrary, although DLC coating adequately showed uniform topography, its larger grain size and wider valley between grains both lead to larger adhesion force due to mechanical anchoring. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 57:299–305, 2017. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers     

铝表面非铬转化膜成膜剂消耗规律的研究

本研究在研制的新型铝表面非铬化学转化膜的基础上,进一步探索该新型成膜剂的消耗规律及其校正方法。通过在使用过程中对其主要成分铈、锆、氟、硼的测定分析,找出该成膜剂的消耗规律,并研制出了成膜剂的校正液,确定了监测校正方法,并在此基础上推测出膜的组成。     

粉煤灰表面改性工艺研究

本文阐述了粉煤灰的利用现状及其作为填料进行表面改性的必要性,并对改性的基本原理、配方、工艺漉程以及改性效果等进行了探讨。     

基于分离系数校正的稀土萃取流程模拟

由于基于稀土萃取机理的流程仿真模型没有考虑萃取槽的萃取效率,导致模型输出的各级组分含量难以符合工业实际工况,为此,本文将机理模型与数据驱动的方法相结合,建立基于分离系数校正的稀土萃取流程模拟。首先,在相对分离系数的稀土萃取流程机理模型的基础上,引入分离系数校正值,实现对稀土萃取机理模型的扩充;其次,运用数据驱动方法,利用斐波那契树优化算法对各级校正值进行优化求解,并使用MATLAB GUI,开发稀土萃取流程模拟系统;最后,结合工业现场实际数据,验证本文流程模拟在工况改变时的动态性能,结果表明本文所建流程模拟符合稀土萃取流程实际工况。