超声波法提取淫羊藿中淫羊藿苷工艺研究

对超声波辅助提取淫羊藿中淫羊藿苷进行研究,以淫羊藿苷为考察目标,系统考察了超声波频率、乙醇浓度、超声提取时间、料液比四个因素对提取效果的影响。通过正交实验初步确定最佳提取工艺条件为:90%乙醇,超声波功率900 W,提取时间60 min,料液比1∶20。     

淫羊藿总黄酮微波提取工艺研究

淫羊藿是一种常用药材,其化学成分主要含有黄酮类化合物.在淫羊藿的开发和应用中,对其进行黄酮类成分的提取纯化具有重要意义.本文采用正交试验法研究了淫羊藿总黄酮的微波提取工艺.总黄酮提取的最佳工艺条件为：以65％乙醇提取三次,饮片重量与提取溶剂用量比分别为1∶14,1∶12,1∶12（g/ml）,每次微波提取时间为20min.     

淫羊藿超声提取工艺优化

目的:优选淫羊藿的超声提取工艺。方法:以淫羊藿苷的提取率为指标,高效液相色谱检测含量,应用正交试验优化淫羊藿的最佳超声提取工艺条件。结果:影响提取的主次因素为ABDC(A:乙醇浓度;B:物料比;C:提取温度;D:提取时间)。最佳提取条件为:超声功率为300W、60%乙醇溶液、液固比25:1、提取时间60min、提取温度50℃。根据优选工艺验证实验表明,有效成分提取率94.88%,重现性较好。结论:优选得到的工艺稳定可行。     

淫羊藿苷提取工艺优化

通过正交实验优选淫羊藿苷的提取工艺,确定优化提取工艺条件为:60%乙醇、液固比为10∶1、提取1次、提取时间1.5 h,在此条件下淫羊藿苷的提取率为91.98%.     

不同品种淫羊藿的淫羊藿苷含量研究

目的:比较不同品种淫羊藿的淫羊藿苷含量差异。方法:以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂,乙腈-水(30∶70)为流动相,检测波长270 nm,流速1.0 mL/min。结果:柔毛淫羊藿、朝鲜淫羊藿、淫羊藿(产自2个不同地方)的淫羊藿苷含量分别为0.28%、0.14%、0.83%和0.87%。结论:不同品种的淫羊藿所含淫羊藿苷的含量存在较大差异。品种的不同会影响淫羊藿药材的质量。     

不同酶对巫山淫羊藿中淫羊藿苷和朝藿定C含量的影响及抑菌活性研究

在巫山淫羊藿提取物中分别加入α-淀粉酶、果胶酶、纤维素酶进行酶解,经大孔树脂纯化后采用HPLC法测定巫山淫羊藿中淫羊藿苷和朝藿定C含量;并初步研究了巫山淫羊藿提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌活性.结果表明,巫山淫羊藿提取物在经过酶解和纯化后,淫羊藿苷和朝藿定C的含量均明显增加,其中果胶酶对两者含量的影响最大,巫山淫羊藿提取物在经过果胶酶酶解和大孔树脂纯化后,淫羊藿苷和朝藿定C的含量分别增至11.65％、31.79％;巫山淫羊藿提取物及果胶酶酶解物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均有较好的抑菌效果,但未酶解的巫山淫羊藿提取物的抑菌活性优于酶解物和纯化物.     

淫羊藿素的化学合成和结构修饰研究进展

淫羊藿素是天然淫羊藿属植物主要活性成分淫羊藿苷的苷元,是淫羊藿苷在体内发挥疗效的主要形式,具有多种药理活性。目前,淫羊藿素在中国已上市,主要用于不适合或患者拒绝接受标准治疗,且既往未接受过全身系统性治疗、不可切除的肝细胞癌的治疗。由于天然来源的淫羊藿素含量低,限制了对淫羊藿素的研究。因此,研究人员发展了多种淫羊藿素的化学合成方法。此外,人们还针对淫羊藿素的低生物活性、低水溶性等缺点进行结构修饰,得到了多种活性较好的淫羊藿素衍生物。总结了关于淫羊藿素的化学合成方法及结构修饰的文献报道,期望对淫羊藿素的后续研究提供帮助。     

淫羊藿苷及其衍生物专利分析

淫羊藿苷为淫羊藿的主要有效成分,是一种8-异戊烯基黄酮苷类化合物,其由苷元和糖两部分组成。对心脑血管系统、骨骼系统、生殖系统等具有广泛的生物学功效。目前,淫羊藿苷的市场需求日益剧增,被国内外广泛应用。文章将对淫羊藿苷全球专利进行分析,希望为国内的制药行业在研发方向以及立项过程中提供帮助。     

粗毛淫羊藿抗炎活性成分研究

目的:研究粗毛淫羊藿的抗炎活性组分。方法:用100 ng·mL~(-1) LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞建立炎症筛选模型,测定促炎细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6、iNOS的m RNA表达变化确定炎症的程度;采用多种色谱方法对粗毛淫羊藿抗炎活性部位进行分离纯化;采用~1H-NMR,13C-NMR,ESI-MS等方法,结合文献数据,鉴定化合物结构。结果:粗毛淫羊藿甲醇提取物经大孔吸附树脂吸附,80%甲醇洗脱得到总黄酮部位,抗炎活性筛选具有抗炎活性,从中分离得到6个黄酮类化合物(1-6),结构分别鉴定为大花淫羊藿苷B(1),4"-鼠李糖基淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ(2),淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ(3),脱水淫羊藿素(4),淫羊藿苷(5),4"-鼠李糖基淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ(6),其中化合物2,3,4为首次从粗毛淫羊藿中分离得到。这些化合物都具有一定的抗炎活性。结论:总黄酮和化合物(1-6)对LPS诱导升高的促炎因子表达均具有下调作用,说明黔产粗毛淫羊藿总黄酮具有一定的抗炎活性,其活性成分为其中的黄酮和黄酮苷。     

β-环糊精淫羊藿苷包合物对肝癌细胞体外增殖能力的影响

目的:研究 β-环糊精淫羊藿苷包合物对肝癌细胞SMCC-7721和Hep-G2细胞增殖能力的影响.方法:以不同终浓度的淫羊藿苷和β-环糊精淫羊藿苷包合物分别作用于SMMC-7721和Hep-G2细胞株,CCK8法检测其对SMMC-7721和Hep-G2细胞株的增殖影响.结果:不同剂量的淫羊藿苷和β-环糊精淫羊藿苷包合物...     

The Effect of the Time Length of Pressure Changing Steps on Concentration in the Gas Phase in the Pressure Swing Adsorption Process

Abstract

To investigate the effect of the time length of pressure changing steps theoretically, mathematical expressions for the gas-phase concentration of pressure changing steps in the pressure swing adsorption process were derived under the simple initial conditions and compared with numerical solutions using the orthogonal collocation method. At this time, the linear driving force model was used. We examined whether the time length of the pressure changing steps influenced the concentration in the gas phase for various mass transfer coefficients. The time length did not affect the concentration in the gas phase for the two extreme cases, i.e., a very large mass transfer coefficient or a very small mass transfer coefficient, but the effect of time length was large for a small mass transfer coefficient. A detailed discussion of the pressure-changing steps is included.     

SA/CS-CaCl2/PMCG新型生物微胶囊的扩散与截留性能

通过测定不同相对分子质量的PEG传递透过SA/CS-CaCl₂/PMCG生物微胶囊的性能,确定了SA/CS-CaCl₂/PMCG膜的截留相对分子质量在2000左右。同时又测量了小分子物质葡萄糖、乳糖、乙醇和谷氨酸在3种SA/CS-CaCl₂/PMCG微胶囊中的扩散性能,并用数学模型计算出了这些物质在不同微胶囊的混合扩散系数D_m以及相应的微胶囊膜层中扩散系数D₁。结果表明： D_m随PMCG浓度的增大先增大而后呈减小趋势,而D₁则随PMCG浓度的增大而增大;并且D₁《D_m,说明微胶囊中的传质阻力主要在微胶囊膜层中。     

Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Essential Oil from Origanum Vulgare L.: Experiments and Mathematical Modeling

In this work, the supercritical CO₂ extraction of essential oil from Origanum Vulgare L. was investigated and modeled. An orthogonal test and ANOVA indicated that extraction pressure, extraction temperature, and extraction time had significant influence on extraction effects. Based on experiments, a mathematical model depended on mass conservation equation was established to describe and simulate supercritical CO₂ extraction of essential oil from Origanum Vulgare L. The mean diameter, accumulation properties, and the inside and outside transfer properties of extracted material particles were considered in the model. The model was solved numerically with the finite difference method and Runge-Kutta method synthetically. Model estimation was validated with small scale experimental data. Moreover, the effects of extraction pressure, extraction temperature, extraction time, concentration, and the flow rate of the entrainer on mass of essential oil were investigated using the model.     

Batch Liquid‐Liquid Extraction of Phenol from Aqueous Solutions

The aim of this work is the study of batch liquid‐liquid extraction of phenol from aqueous solutions in a bench‐scale well‐mixed reactor. The influence of the ratio of phase volumes, temperature, and rotational speed on phenol removal (0.72–1.1 % w/w) was investigated using methyl isobutyl ketone as an extracting solvent. For this purpose, the ratio of phase volumes were set at 0.1 and 0.2, the temperature at 10, 20, and 30 °C, and the rotational speed at 300, 400, and 500 rpm. A physical model based on the material balance of the phases as well as the equation of mass flux between the phases allowed the estimation of the overall coefficient of mass transfer coupled with the superficial area. Moreover, it proved to fit, satisfactorily well, the experimental data of residual phenol concentration in the organic phase versus time under all the conditions investigated.     

Interfacial Mass Transfer in the Reactive Extraction Process of Succinic Acid from Viscous Aqueous Solutions

The reactive extraction of succinic acid with TOA dissolved in butyl acetate from viscous aqueous solutions which simulate the rheological behavior of Actinobacillus succinogenes broths underlined the strong influence of viscosity and pH on interfacial mass flow, mass transfer driving force, and mass transfer coefficient. The magnitudes of these effects are attenuated by 1-octanol addition into the solvent phase, the interfacial mass transfer rate being accelerated for 1.2-3 times, depending on the apparent viscosity and the pH-value of the aqueous solution. The influences of the extraction parameters and mechanism have been included in a mathematical model adequate for the solute mass transfer coefficient from aqueous to organic phase.     

往复振动筛板萃取塔放的大设计模型

对往复振动筛板萃取塔（RPEC）塔内的传质过程进行了理论分析，并在此基础上，从单液滴传质模型出发，应用数学统计方法建立了RPEC放大设计模型，即进行放大设计时应遵循通量、塔板间距、振幅和频率不变的原则计算表观传质单元高度H_OXP.采用林可霉素-正丁醇-酸水物系对塔径100 mm的RPEC实验塔研究表明：真实传质单元高度H_OX与体系物性、表观速度、输入能量（振幅A×频率f）有关，而与塔径无关，且不受轴向混合的影响，模型较好地预测了H_OX随输入能量的增加而减小，而通量的变化则对其影响较小;分散传质单元高度H_OXD是塔径D、输入能量、通量U_s和体系物性的函数，实验结果表明模型较好地描述了输入能量和通量增加强化传质起主导作用，有效降低分散传质单元高度H_OXD的传质过程部分，而不能描述轴向混合起主导作用部分.应用放大设计模型对直径325 mm的RPEC放大设计结果验证模型的预测误差在20％以内.     

二（2-乙基己基）磷酸/磷酸三丁酯复合萃取剂协萃对氨基苯甲酸

为强化两性官能团化合物的萃取分离性能,以对氨基苯甲酸（PABA）为被分离溶质,二（2-乙基己基）磷酸（D2EHPA）/磷酸三丁酯（TBP）/正庚烷的混合物为萃取剂进行了萃取平衡特性的研究,考察了溶液的pH值、D2EHPA浓度、TBP浓度对于萃取平衡的影响,建立了复合萃取剂协同萃取PABA的萃取平衡分配系数的表达式.结果表明,D2EHPA/TBP/正庚烷复合萃取剂萃取PABA具有明显的协萃效应,协萃机理为D2EHPA及TBP分别与PABA的Lewis碱性官能团（—NH2）和Lewis酸性官能团（—COOH）缔合形成亲油性更强的萃合物,且D2EHPA与TBP的浓度差异越小,协萃效应越明显.根据萃取平衡分配系数表达式拟合求取了表观萃取平衡常数,复合萃取剂的值远大于D2EHPA、TBP单独作为萃取剂的值,进一步证明了本文提出的协萃机理.     

Modelling of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of canola oilseed in fixed beds

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of oil from fixed beds (4.8 mm, 24.5 and 12.7 mm I.D.) of crushed canola seeds is described. Experiments were performed to obtain equilibrium data and extraction rates at 55 C, 36 MPa using solvent velocities ranging from 0.04 to 2.8 mm/s. A one-dimensional, unsteady state mathematical model was used to obtain the oil concentration profiles in both the solvent and solid phases, and to determine the overall volumetric mass transfer coefficients. The calculated concentrations and extraction rates are in good agreement with experimental results. The overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient for the initial, constant rate extraction was correlated with interstitial velocity.     

Temperature and solvent effects on polyphenol extraction process from chestnut tree wood

Polyphenols are a group of chemical substances found in plants, characterized by the presence of more than one phenol unit or building block per molecule. Polyphenols are generally divided into hydrolysable tannins (gallic acid esters of glucose and other sugars) and phenylpropanoids, such as lignins, flavonoids, and condensed tannins.They are widely found in natural products, nowadays they are extensively used in food and beverage industry and in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry for their positive effects on human health.In conventional processes polyphenols are extracted from vegetable material using water as solvent in a temperature range from 40 to 90 °C.The aim of this work is to characterize chestnut tree wood in terms of total extractable polyphenols and assess the temperature and solvent type effects on the polyphenol extraction process. To this end, experimental data on equilibrium distribution of polyphenols between solid and liquid phases for different temperatures (ranging from 60 to 80 °C) and different solvent solutions (water and ethanol-water solutions) are reported. The obtained results have been correlated by means of Freundlich isotherm.Experimental data are also reported about the batch extraction kinetics of polyphenols from solid phase and analysed by a mathematical model to estimate the polyphenol diffusion coefficient inside the chestnut wood particles and the mass transfer coefficient in the liquid phase.