K^＋,Al^3＋／Cl^—,SO^2—4—H2O四元体系30℃时溶解度的研究

对３０℃条件下Ｋ＾＋,Ａｌ＾３＋／Ｃｌ＾－,ＳＯ＾２－４－Ｈ２Ｏ四元体系均相平衡进行了测定,所获数据绘制出该体系的等温相图,表明该体系是一个有复盐生成的交互体系,共有七条单变量线,三个共饱点,五个结晶区。     

甲醇分离K^＋—Na^＋—SO^=4—Cl^—体系中的K2SO4的研究

本文探讨了使用甲醇从含Ｋ＾＋，Ｎａ＾＋，ＳＯ＾－４，Ｃｌ＾－的水溶液中分离Ｋ２ＯＳ４的可行性，证实甲醇能有效地从上述水溶液中分离出Ｋ２ＳＯ４。与蒸发结晶分离相比，该方法具有，硫酸钾得率高，产品质量稳定，操作条件宽松的优点。     

理化因子对嗜盐隐杆藻细胞生长及胞外多糖产量的影响

比较不同ＮａＣｌ、Ｃａ＾２＋、ＰＯ＾３－４等离子浓度对嗜盐隐杆菌细胞生长及胞外多糖产量的影响。在各影响因子不同浓度的培养条件下,０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＮａＣｌ、１．０ｇ／Ｌ的Ｃａ（ＮＯ３）２．４Ｈ２Ｏ、０．１ｇ／Ｌ的ＫＨ２ＰＯ４分别是其最佳生长浓度。     

用乙基紫和溴酸钾催化光度法测定痕量钒（Ⅴ）

研究了在盐酸介质中,利用钒（Ⅴ）催化溴酸钾氧化乙基紫色反应,建立了催化光度法测定痕量钒的新方法。方法的线性范围为０．２－１．６μｇ／Ｌ,检出限量为０．２μｇ／Ｌ,钒的测定相对标准偏差为１．２４％－２．７８％。Ｍｎ＾２＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｆｅ＾２＋、Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ｃｒ＾３＋、Ｐｂ＾２＋的干扰为５０倍,Ｋ＾＋、Ｎａ＾＋、Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋、Ｃｌ＾－、Ｉ＾－等１００倍以上无明显干扰,本法可以直接用于水样测     

四元体系Na^＋,Mg^2＋‖Cl^—,SO4^2—＋H2O化学相图的计算机绘制…

本文以Ｔｒｕｅ Ｂａｓｉｃ语言开发了四元体系Ｎａ＾＋，Ｍｇ＾２＋‖Ｃｌ＾－，ＳＯ４＾２－＋Ｈ２Ｏ化学相图的绘制和研究系统，具有包括绘制相图和曲线，曲面拟合模块在内的四个模块。使用的数学方法有插值法，最小二乘法，回归分析法，Ｂｅｚｉｅｒ法和Ｃｏｏｎｓ法。给出了该四元体系的干盐图，立体图和水图，并对相图可以做工艺计算，优化和指导盐湖盐的化工工艺过程。对相图可作平移，旋转和缩放。     

Na~＋，K~＋∥Cl~－，NO_3~-—H_2O体系25℃相图数据的预测及应用

本文利用Ｐｉｔｚｅｒ电解质溶液理论．以盐的平衡常数作为平衡的判据，借助于计算机。对２５℃时，Ｎａ~＋，Ｋ~＋∥Ｃｌ~－，ＮＯ－Ｈ＿２Ｏ四元交互体系溶解度数据进行了计算，并举例展示了理论计算结果在工艺参数确定上的应用。     

304不锈钢在Cl^—＋NO3^—介质中孔蚀引发特性的研究

测量了３０４不锈钢在０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣｌ＋０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮａＣｌ＋Ｘ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮａＮＯ３（Ｘ＝０．００１，０．０１，０．０５，０．２）溶液中的极化曲线，得到腐蚀电位Ｅｃ和击破电位Ｅｂ和ＮＯ３＾－浓度之间关系。结果表明，Ｅｃ和Ｅｂ都随浓度增加而正移。同时，将不锈钢试片在各试验溶液中作定时浸泡腐蚀试验，比较不锈钢孔蚀引发及早期发展之特性；低浓度ＮＯ３＾－介质中比高浓度ＮＯ３＾－介质中的孔蚀     

导数催化示波极谱法测定化妆品中微量的铅

Ｐｂ＾２＋在ＨＣｌ－ＫＩ－ＮＨ２ＯＨ．ＨＣｌ－Ｖ底液中，于－０．３Ｖ（ＶＳ．ＳＣＥ）处可产生一灵敏的催化极谱波，其阴导数峰电流与Ｐｂ＾２＋浓度在０．０２μｇ＝Ｍｌ－０．１μｇ／ｍＬ范围内呈良好的线性关系。     

用ESR和XRD法研究MoO3,M2CO3,（M=Li,Na,K,Cs）—MO3焙烧过程中的固相反应

ＥＳＲ研究结果发现ＭｏＯ３在焙烧过程中可以推动晶格氧,生成Ｍｏ＾３＋,当加入一定量的Ｎａ、Ｋ＾＋时,可促进这一反应的进行,但Ｌｉ＾＋、Ｃｓ＾＋的加入则地这一反应有抑制作用。用ＸＲＤ对焙烧后的Ｋ２ＣＯ３－ＭｏＯ３体系测试时,发现有非计量型化合物生成。     

水中SO^2—4的激光散射浊度分析

本文提出一种简单，快速，准确的ＳＯ＾２－４测量方法－激光散射浊度法。其最佳测试条件为：０．４ＭＮａＣｌ，０．０３ＭＢａＣｌ２，８％甘油，ＨＣｌ（ｐＨ＜４）溶液浊度值与ＳＯ＾２－４的浓度在０－５０ｍｇ／Ｌ间成线性，最低检测限０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ，Ｒ．Ｓ．Ｄ＜２．３２％。     

Study on the separation of Co2+ from Zn2+, Cd2+ by anion-exchange chromatography

The separation of Co²⁺ from Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺ by anion-exchange chromatography was discussed. The chromatographic column containing anion resin 201 × 7 which was saturated with a solution of ammonium chloride. The effects of the eluant acidity and eluant composition on the separation were investigated. The results indicate that this anion-exchange chromatography is suitable to the separation of Co²⁺ from Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, and the condition of separation is simple and convenient. When the column is saturated with NH₄Cl solution (2.0 mol/L, pH=4.0), the separation can be completed effectively. Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ can also be separated when different eluants are used and the pure solution with high concentration of Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺ respectively can be obtained easily. Biography of the first author: WANG Xin-yan, born in Dec. 1975, majoring in extraction chemistry.     

可调色荧光粉LaSrZnNbO6:Bi3+,Sm3+的发光性质及Bi3+和Sm3+离子间的能量传递机理

采用高温固相法合成了系列LaSrZnNbO₆:Bi³⁺,Sm³⁺荧光粉,并对其发光性质以及Bi³⁺、Sm³⁺离子间的能量传递机理进行了研究.结果显示,当以Bi³⁺的¹S₀→ ³P₁激发位置(338 nm)激发Bi³⁺和Sm³⁺共掺杂LaSrZnNbO₆荧光粉时,在LaSrZnNbO₆荧光粉的发射光谱中同时出现了Bi³⁺和Sm³⁺的发射峰,表明在LaSrZnNbO₆基质中存在Bi³⁺→ Sm³⁺的能量传递.经计算, Bi³⁺离子和Sm³⁺离子间的能量传递效率可达到86.9%.通过改变Bi³⁺离子和Sm³⁺离子的掺杂浓度可以使LaSrZnNbO₆荧光粉的CIE色坐标由蓝光区域移动至粉白光区域,表明通过调节掺杂浓度可制备出颜色可调谐的荧光粉.     

Retention of clay-solidified grouting curtain to Cd^2＋ , Pb^2＋ and Hg^2＋ in landfill of municipal solid waste

The effects of components and their ratio of groups on anti-seepage capability of clay-solidified grouting curtain and its permeability of heavy metal cations were investigated by permeating experiments, using reactive solute transport model to study the permeation of heavy metals (Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Hg²⁺). The study of permeating for different mixture ratios of cement and clay indicates that hydraulic conductivity of clay-solidified groupting curtain with different ratios of solid to liquid or with the same ratio of solid to liquid but with different ratios of cement to clay is changed. The laboratory simulation test results also show that precipitates produced in heavy metal cation migration process in curtain block up water flowing passage which makes the hydraulic conductivity of the solution-permeated curtain decrease with the leakage time. The permeation velocities for different heavy metal cations vary with ionic concentration, exchange capacity and ion radius etc. The test results indicate that the permeation rapidity order of heavy metals cations in clay-solidified grouting curtain is Hg²⁺ > Pb²⁺ in the same experimental circumstance. In addition, permeability for different mixture ratios and antisepsis capabilities of clay-solidified grouting curtain were studied in tests. Foundation item: Project (2000-65) supported by the Fund for University Key Teacher by the Ministry of Education of China     

NH+4改型合成钠型丝光沸石和钾型丝光沸石对K+、Na+的等温交换

用铵盐改型合成的钠型、钾型丝光沸石，测定了两种改型沸石25℃时的K／NH、Na/NH交换等温线，得出两种沸石的Na／K交换平衡常数和自由能变。     

Fabrication of YAG:Ce3+ and YAG:Ce3+,Sc3+ Phosphors by Spark Plasma Sintering Technique

In this study,a single-doped phosphors yttrium aluminum garnet(Y₃Al₅O₁₂,YAG):Ce³⁺,single-doped YAG:Sc³⁺,and double-doped phosphors YAG:Ce³⁺,Sc³⁺ were prepared by spark plasma sintering(SPS)(lower than 1 200℃).The characteristics of synthesized phosphors were determined using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and fluorescence spectroscopy.During SPS,the lattice structure of YAG was maintained by th...     

沉淀法制备形貌可控YVO_4:Eu~(3+),Bi~(3+)粉体及其发光性能

采用沉淀法合成了YVO4:Eu3+,Bi3+荧光粉,利用XRD,SEM和TEM对样品的结构和形貌进行表征,并用荧光光谱仪测试了样品的激发和发射光谱。X射线衍射图分析表明,所制得的荧光粉与YVO4的物相一致,样品属于体心四方相。其扫描电镜和透射电镜照片显示颗粒为纺锤形,大小比较均匀,长径为250nm左右,短径为100nm左右。在275nm近紫外光激发下,该荧光粉的发光峰分别归属于Eu3+的5 D0→7 F1(596nm),5 D0→7F2(617nm,621nm),5 D0→7F3(654nm),5 D0→7F4(702nm)辐射跃迁。最强发射位于617nm左右,属于红光。研究了Eu3+浓度对样品发光强度的影响。随着Eu3+浓度的增加,发射峰强度增大,当Eu3+摩尔分数为12%时,峰值强度最大。Bi3+对Eu3+的发光有一定的敏化作用,当Bi3+摩尔分数达到5%时,敏化作用最强。     

剩余污泥吸附Cu2+、Cd2+试验

为研究剩余污泥的有效利用,通过实验室静态吸附试验,研究剩余污泥对Cu2+、Cd2+溶液的吸附特性及影响因素.结果表明,吸附过程中pH值、污泥量、吸附时间和初始溶液质量浓度对吸附效率均有影响,pH值是吸附过程的最重要因素,增加投泥量和提高pH值可以明显提高吸附量,而温度对污泥吸附的影响并不显著.吸附热力学数据表明,污泥对Cu2+、Cd2+的吸附较好地符合Langmuir和Freundlich模型,最大吸附容量分别为32.4mg/g和30.2mg/g.剩余污泥能够作为重金属离子的吸附剂.     

Adsorption behavior of Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋ ions on bauxite flotation tailings

The adsorption behavior of Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋ ions on bauxite flotation tailings was investigated to demonstrate the adsorptivity of the bauxite flotation tailings. The adsorption percentage of Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋ ions as a function of adsorbent dosage, solution pH value and shaking time were determined by batch experiments. The maximum adsorption percentage of 99.93% for Pb^2＋ ions and 99.75% for Cd^2＋ ions were obtained by using bauxite flotation tailings as adsorbent. The methods, such as zeta potentials, specific surface area measurements and the analysis of adsorption kinetics, were introduced to analyze the adsorption mechanisms of the Pb^2＋ ions on bauxite flotation tailings. The isoelectric point of bauxite flotation tailings shifts from 3.6 to 5.6 in the presence of Pb^2＋ ions. The specific surface area of bauxite flotation tailings changes from 12.57 to 20.63 m^2/g after the adsorption of Pb^2＋ ions. These results indicate that a specific adsorption of the cation species happens on the surface of bauxite flotation tailings. Adsorption data of Pb^2＋ ions on the surface of bauxite flotation tailings can be well described by Langmuir model, and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model provides the best correlation for the adsorption data of Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋ ions on bauxite flotation tailings.     

掺杂Li+对荧光粉YBO3:Eu3+发光性能的影响

采用反应条件温和的水热法制备Li+掺杂的YBO3:Eu3+荧光粉。通过掺入不同量的Li+研究其对荧光粉YBO3:Eu3+的物相结构、微观形貌及光致发光特性的影响。用X射线衍射(XRD),场发射扫描电镜(FESEM),荧光分光光度计及X射线能量色散谱仪(EDS)等手段表征材料性能。结果表明:Li+掺杂能够提高荧光粉YBO3:Eu3+的发光强度,最大能提高近20%。发光增强与Li+掺杂量的多少有关,同时也可能与Li+改变YBO3晶体场环境有一定关系。     

用于Pb2+、Hg2+离子选择性固相萃取的微流控芯片

为实现微流控芯片对重金属Pb~(2+)、Hg~(2+)离子的选择性固相萃取,首先采用3-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷和5-甲基苯并三氮唑对纳米二氧化硅进行硅烷偶联改性,随后以改性纳米二氧化硅为基础,设计并制备了可更换吸附剂的一体化填充式固相萃取芯片.测试结果表明:改性后不仅吸附剂的团聚现象得到明显改善,且当pH=5时,对Pb~(2+)的吸附率可达99.1%,对Hg~(2+)的吸附率可达98.9%,而对Cr~(3+)的吸附率为20.4%,对Mn~(2+)的吸附率仅为13.2%.即使样品中混有干扰离子(K~+、Na~+或Mn~(2+))时,对Pb~(2+)、Hg~(2+)离子的吸附率仍均可达97%以上.当进样流速≤1.5 mL/min时,微流控芯片对Pb~(2+)或Hg~(2+)的吸附率可达98%以上;以0.5 mol/L的盐酸和2%的硫代尿素为洗脱液,控制流速在0.20.3 mL/min范围内时,芯片对Pb~(2+)或Hg~(2+)的洗脱率均达到92%以上.用于Pb~(2+)、Hg~(2+)离子的选择性固相萃取芯片的成功制备,有助于微流控技术在重金属污染监测领域的应用和推广.