短玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料性能研究

研究了玻璃纤维(GF)、自制马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)和螺杆转速对短玻纤增强聚丙烯(PP/SFT)复合材料力学性能和微观形貌的影响。结果表明:随着GF用量增加,复合材料的弯曲模量和缺口冲击强度增大,拉伸强度先增大后降低,PP/SFT复合材料断面呈现脆性断裂;随着增容剂PP-g-MAH用量增加,拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度先增加后降低,弯曲模量基本不变;当PP,GF和PPg-MAH的质量比为50∶50∶3时,其综合性能最优,拉伸强度为113.0 MPa,冲击强度为15.8kJ/m~2,复合材料断面呈现韧性断裂;螺杆转速和剪切增大会降低纤维平均长度和复合材料的力学性能。     

接枝物含量对高层建筑用GF/PP复合材料性能的影响

为了提高高层建筑用材料的力学性能,采用熔融共混的方法,在玻璃纤维(GF)增强聚丙烯(PP)复合材料中加入马来酸酐接枝PP(PP-g-MAH)与马来酸酐接枝聚烯烃(POE-g-MAH),分析接枝物含量对复合材料拉伸性能、弯曲性能以及冲击性能的影响。研究表明：当POE-g-MAH或PP-g-MAH的加入量为4 g时,复合材料的流动性明显改善,达到了最大熔体流动速率。当基体中接枝物含量上升后,复合材料的拉伸强度表现为先增大后减小的变化趋势,弯曲强度以及弯曲弹性模量都出现了先增大后减小的变化趋势,并在含有4 g接枝物时达到最大。当复合材料中接枝物含量增大后,含有POE-g-MAH接枝物的复合材料的冲击强度迅速增大。扫描电镜显示,加入接枝物后GF表面上存在明显附着物,GF和PP基体之间形成了良好相容性。     

玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料性能研究

研究了玻纤(GF)、SEBS和聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)用量对GF增强聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响,以及PP/GF(65/35)、PP-g-MAH/PP/GF(15/65/35)的微观形态。结果表明:随着GF用量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量增加,断裂伸长率降低,冲击强度先减小后增大,PP/GF复合材料断面呈脆性断裂;在PP/GF中添加增韧剂SEBS可以提高复合材料的冲击强度,但拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、弯曲强度和弯曲模量均减小;在PP/GF中添加增容剂PP-g-MAH,可使其拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和冲击强度均得到提高,当PP-g-MAH/PP/GF为15/65/35时,复合材料性能优异,材料断面呈韧性断裂。     

高韧性高强度聚丙烯复合材料的研究

研究了自制的马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)和马来酸酐、苯乙烯接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH-g-St)2种增容剂对聚丙烯/聚烯烃弹性体/玻璃纤维(PP/POE/GF)复合材料力学性能的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜观察了试样断口形貌。结果表明,2种增容剂均显著改善了GF与PP基体的界面粘结强度,从而提高了复合材料的力学性能;就2种增容剂的效果而言,PP-g-MAH-g-St的增容效果远优于PP-g-MAH。当PP-g-MAH-g-St的质量分数为8%时,PP/POE/GF/PP-g-MAH-g-St复合材料的综合性能已接近常用工程塑料的性能。     

聚丙烯/马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯/环氧树脂/玻璃纤维复合材料的制备及其性能研究

通过双螺杆挤出机制备了聚丙烯/马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯/环氧树脂/玻璃纤维（PP/PP-g-MAH/EP/GF）复合材料,并研究了PP-g-MAH含量、EP含量及固化剂对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,PP-g-MAH含量为10份,含有固化剂EP的含量为3份时,复合材料的综合力学性能最佳;与不加EP的复合材料相比,其拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度分别提高了41 %、47 %、86 %。扫描电子显微镜分析表明,EP的加入明显改善了GF和PP基体的黏结强度。     

PP-g-MAH和PE-g-MAH对玻纤增强废旧聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响

采用熔融挤出的方法制备了玻璃纤维增强废旧聚丙烯(RPP/GF)复合材料,分析了不同含量的PP接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)和PE接枝马来酸酐(PE-g-MAH)相容剂对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:添加PP-gMAH能改善玻纤与RPP界面结合强度,随着相容剂PP-g-MAH含量的增加,RPP/GF复合材料的弯曲强度逐渐提高,当PP-g-MAH的含量为7 phr时,能有效提高复合材料的弯曲强度。由于RPP中含有PE成分,添加少量PE-g-MAH能增加玻纤与RPP基体中PE的界面结合强度,从而继续提升复合材料的弯曲强度,复合材料的缺口冲击强度也得到提升。     

相容剂对碳纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响

研究了马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-GMA)2种相容剂对碳纤维增强聚丙烯(CF/PP)复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:随着相容剂添加量的增加,CF/PP复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、缺口冲击强度增加,相容剂添加质量分数在6%时增加效果最为明显;2种相容剂对熔融温度及结晶度影响不大,但PP-g-MAH对CF/PP复合材料综合性能的提升优于PP-g-GMA。     

改性剑麻纤维含量对聚丙烯性能的影响

研究了偶联处理后的剑麻纤维(SF)对聚丙烯(PP)性能的影响,以马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)作为界面相容剂,制备了PP/SF/PP-g-MAH复合材料,考察了改性SF含量对PP/SF/PP-g-MAH复合材料流动性能、热性能、燃烧性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,当SF含量由零增加到30%(质量分数,下同)时,PP/SF/PP-g-MAH复合材料的熔体流动速率降低了3.1g/10min,维卡软化温度升高了5.1℃,拉伸强度升高了6.0MPa,弯曲强度升高了20.7MPa,缺口冲击强度降低了3.1kJ/m~2,无缺口冲击强度降低了60kJ/m~2。     

马来酸酐接枝物对PP/ABS复合材料性能的影响

在聚丙烯(PP)/丙烯晴-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)复合材料中加入复配的马来酸酐接枝物(PP-g-MAH)和ABS-g-MAH,研究接枝物对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:马来酸酐接枝物的加入能提高复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度,并随着接枝物含量增加而提高,冲击强度随接枝物含量增加而降低。复配马来酸酐接枝物中在复合材料中PP-g-MAH的用量为10份时,综合性能最佳。PP/ABS复合材料的强度和刚度随ABS含量的增加而增加,随着ABS组分含量的增加,ABS相分布从海-岛状分布向海-海结构转变。SEM结果表明:马来酸酐接枝物的加入有助于ABS在聚丙烯中的分散;DSC数据表明:马来酸酐接枝物使材料的结晶度有所提高。     

GF增强PP复合材料的尺寸稳定性与力学性能

研究了马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)含量及玻璃纤维(GF)含量对GF增强聚丙烯(PP)复合材料尺寸稳定性与力学性能的影响。结果表明,加入PP-g-MAH后,复合材料的线性膨胀系数和收缩率下降,结晶度、拉伸强度、弯曲强度和悬臂梁缺口冲击强度提高,但断裂伸长率下降。相比不添加PP-g-MAH的复合材料,当PP-g-MAH质量分数达到6%时,复合材料在流道方向上的线性膨胀系数从29.88μm/(m·℃)降低至24.93μm/(m·℃),在流道方向上的收缩率从0.20%下降至0.18%,拉伸强度、弯曲强度和悬臂梁缺口冲击强度基本达到最大值,分别提高130.18%,96.52%和49.20%;随着GF质量分数的增加,复合材料的线性膨胀系数和收缩率均显著下降,拉伸强度、弯曲强度和悬臂梁缺口冲击强度提高,而断裂伸长率和结晶度下降。相比不添加GF的复合材料,当GF质量分数为40%时,复合材料在流道方向上的线性膨胀系数从101.30μm/(m·℃)降低至18.08μm/(m·℃),在流道方向上的收缩率从1.43%下降至0.08%,结晶度从45.05%下降至23.96%,拉伸强度、弯曲强度和悬臂梁缺口冲击强度分别提高168.87%,306.40%和129.52%。     

高强高韧GF／PP复合材料的研究

通过在短玻(GF)增强聚丙烯(PP)中添加聚烯烃弹性体(POE),并用马来酸酐对PP进行接枝交联的方法, 制备了高冲击韧性GF／PP复合材料。在该材料中,短切玻璃纤维的加入大幅度提高了材料的拉伸、弯曲强度,而POE 则通过产生形变等方式,提高了材料的冲击韧性;在其中加入马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯增加界面结合力,可使GF／PP／POE 复合体系表现出良好的综合力学性能,其拉伸强度为51．9 MPa,弯曲强度为68．1MPa,冲击韧性为44．2 kJ／m2。     

High Stiffness Natural Fiber‐Reinforced Hybrid Polypropylene Composites

Abstract

Natural fibers are potentially a high‐performance non‐abrasive reinforcing fiber source. In this study, pulp fibers [including bleached Kraft pulp (BKP) and thermomechanical pulp (TMP)], hemp, flax, and wood flour were used for reinforcing in polypropylene (PP) composite. The results show that pulp fibers, in particular, TMP‐reinforced PP has the highest tensile strength, possibly because pulp fibers were subjected to less severe shortening during compounding, compared to hemp and flax fiber bundles. Maleic‐anhydride grafted PP (MAPP) with high maleic anhydride groups and high molecular weight was more effective in improving strength properties of PP composite as a compatiblizer. Coupled with 10% glass fiber, 40% TMP reinforced PP had a tensile strength of 70 MPa and a specific tensile strength comparable to glass fiber reinforced PP. Thermomechanical pulp was more effective in reinforcing than BKP. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to aid in the analysis. Polypropylene with high impact strength was also used in compounding to improve the low‐impact strength prevalent in natural fiber‐reinforced PP from injection molding.     

Structures and properties of low‐shrinkage polypropylene composites

The high shrinkage and the low impact strength severely limit the applications of the isotactic polypropylene (iPP). In this article, we studied the shrinkage, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the composites consisted of iPP, short glass fiber (GF), maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MPP), maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene/polyolefin elastomer (MPPPOE) or composite toughening agents (CTAs). The results show that the shrinkage of the composite with 40% GF reduces to 0.0754% (24 h) and 0.0893(48 h), respectively, under room temperature, which is far lower than the shrinkage [1.782% (24 h) and 1.821% (48 h)] of the pure iPP. For the composite of PP/GF/MPPPOE/CTAs (55/30/5/10), the tensile strength increases to 65.53 MPa (33.8 MPa for pure iPP), the tensile modulus is 1445 MPa which is 136% higher than pure iPP, and the izod impact strength reaches 22.72 kJ/m² (only 5.28 kJ/m² for pure iPP). Not only the scale stability of iPP is remarkably improved, but also the comprehensive mechanical properties are enhanced drastically. This work may generate potential opportunities for iPP in those applications demanding high scale stability. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44275.     

Experimental investigation on the influence of the composition on the morphology and the mechanical properties of short glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene nanocomposites

Polypropylene composites containing 0–5 wt% layered silicate and 0–30 wt% short glass fibers are prepared by melt compounding. To investigate the influence of different compositions on the mechanical properties of short glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene nanocomposites, materials with various filler contents are prepared. At a glass fiber content of 10 wt% Young's modulus of the layered silicate‐containing composites decreases by around 30% compared to conventional glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene. But at higher glass fiber loadings, an increasing modulus of up to 10% is observed. However, the addition of layered silicate results in large decreases of the tensile and the notched impact strength. A maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene enhances Young's modulus and the tensile strength. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers     

聚丙烯/麦秸秆木塑复合材料的力学性能

采用转矩流变仪混合造粒,通过注射成型方法制备了聚丙烯(PP)/麦秸秆木塑复合材料,研究了NaOH浓度、增容剂的含量和麦秸秆含量对PP/麦秸秆木塑复合材料力学性能的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜对麦秸秆表面及复合材料的断面形貌进行分析。结果表明:8%NaOH溶液处理麦秸秆时,PP/麦秸秆木塑复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度达到最大;马来酸酐接枝PP增容剂的加入使得麦秸秆与PP的界面相容性提高,复合材料的力学性能增加;在一定范围内麦秸秆的添加降低了PP材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度,而提高了其弯曲强度,并且PP/麦秸秆复合材料的弯曲强度随着麦秸秆含量的增加而增加,在麦秸秆含量为30%时弯曲强度达到最大值为43.4 MPa。     

Tensile and Impact Properties of Thermoplastic Natural Rubber Reinforced Short Glass Fiber and Empty Fruit Bunch Hybrid Composites

Thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR) hybrid composite with short glass fiber (GF) and empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber were prepared via the melt blending method using an internal mixer type Thermo Haake 600p. The TPNR were prepared from natural rubber (NR), liquid natural rubber (LNR) and polypropylene (PP) thermoplastic, with a ratio of 20:10:70. The hybrid composites were prepared at various ratios of GF/EFB with 20% volume fraction. Premixture was performed before the material was discharged into the machine. The study also focused on the effect of fiber (glass and EFB) treatment using silane and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAgPP) as a coupling agent. In general, composite that contains 10% EFB/10% glass fiber gave an optimum tensile and impact strength for treated and untreated hybrid composites. Tensile properties increase with addition of a coupling agent because of the existence of adherence as shown in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph. Further addition of EFB exceeding 10% reduced the Young's modulus and impact strength. However, the hardness increases with the addition of EFB fiber for the untreated composite and decreases for the treated composite.     

低气味低VOC玻纤增强聚丙烯材料的研制

以聚丙烯(PP)树脂为基体,PP接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)为相容剂,纳米氧化锌和纳米二氧化钛为复合气味吸收剂,经双螺杆挤出机制备了玻璃纤维(GF)增强PP材料,并分别研究了各组分对材料力学性能和气味等级的影响。结果表明,相容剂PP-g-MAH为GF增强PP材料气味的主要来源,在提高气味等级方面,选用相容剂时,固相接枝工艺比熔融接枝工艺的好,且接枝率不宜太高。在选用PP粒料、接枝率为1.2%的固相接枝PP-g-MAH以及纳米氧化锌和纳米二氧化钛复合气味吸收剂的基础上,制备了低气味和低挥发性有机化合物的GF增强PP材料,其拉伸强度为62 MPa,弯曲强度为76 MPa,缺口冲击强度为8.5 k J/m~2,由其制备的汽车空调电机风扇叶轮产品的气味等级达到了Q/JLY J711061–2009标准的7级要求。     

玻璃纤维增强煤基抗冲共聚聚丙烯的性能

采用双螺杆挤出共混法制备了短玻璃纤维(GF)改性聚丙烯(PP)2240S的共混物,通过力学性能分析测试、扫描电子显微镜表征、熔体流动速率测试和熔融结晶分析等研究了改性体系的力学性能、显微结构、加工流动性和结晶性能等。结果表明,当GF添加量为30%时,复合体系的弯曲强度、弯曲弹性模量、拉伸强度等较纯PP分别提高约112%,269%和108%,但GF与基体粘结力弱导致冲击强度没有提高;为进一步改善界面作用力,以5%马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯作相容剂,相同GF添加量下PP的弯曲强度达86.99 MPa,弯曲弹性模量达5073 MPa,拉伸强度达78.5 MPa,简支梁缺口冲击强度达14.78 kJ/m2,比纯PP的相关指标分别提高约161%,302%,190%和131%,GF与PP界面粘结力增强,PP的力学性能随GF含量的递增而大幅提高。但GF降低了PP的熔体流动速率,并且体系的结晶温度基本未变,结晶度降低,可能与未产生界面横晶有关。