螺旋藻中藻胆蛋白和多糖的分离纯化及产品特性

提出一种从螺旋藻中提取纯化藻蓝蛋白和糖蛋白的新型分离工艺。等电聚焦分析结果表明所得到的藻蓝蛋白为电泳纯,等电点为４．３,测定了藻蓝蛋白的氨基酸组成及其红外吸收光谱。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析结果表明所得到的糖蛋白组成均一,其分子量为１３０ｋｄ,测定了螺旋藻糖蛋白的氨基酸组成,红外光谱分析表明螺旋藻糖蛋白含有α－型糖苷连接键。     

螺旋藻藻胆蛋白的分离和吸收光谱特性

螺旋藻干粉经过浸泡，反复冻融２～３次，破碎细胞，其水溶性色素粗提和经硫酸沉淀邓粗提的藻胆蛋白，经紫外分光光度法计检测，在５００～８００ｎｍ的可见光区域有两个吸收峰，分别为藻蓝蛋白（Ｃ－ＰＣ）６２０ｎｍ和别藻蛋白（ＡＰＣ）６５０ｎｍ。     

红藻条斑紫菜R－藻红蛋白中的能量传递过程

本文通过对条斑紫菜Ｒ－ＰＥ（藻红蛋白）及其α－β－γ亚基的吸收光谱和荧光光谱进行计算机解叠，研究了Ｒ－ＰＥ内发色团之间的能量传递过程，并对Ｒ－ＰＥ及亚基内的各发色团进行了“ｓ”和“ｆ”型的指认。发现在亚基中为“ｆ”型的发色团在Ｒ－ｐＥ（αβ）＿６γ中起着“ｓ”型发色团的作用，且将能量传递给最后的“ｆ”型发色团。荧光激发偏振光谱进一步证明了Ｒ－ＰＥ内的能量转移过程与计算机解叠的结果一致。     

钝顶螺旋藻中藻蓝蛋白提取纯化新工艺

用０３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的十二烷基苯磺酸钠提取钝顶螺旋藻中的藻蓝蛋白,提取率达到了９８％。再在硅藻土５４５柱上分级洗脱,进一步经ＤＥＡＥ—纤维素柱纯化,其纯度达到了４１（指可见区最大吸收与２８０ｎｍ处之比）,最大吸收峰在６１９ｎｍ,室温荧光发射峰在６４３ｎｍ。     

红藻条斑紫菜R—藻红蛋白中的能量传递过程

本文通过对条斑紫菜Ｒ－ＰＥ（藻红蛋白）及其α、β、２亚基的吸收光谱和荧光光谱进行计算机解叠，研究了Ｒ－ＰＥ内发色团之间的能量传递过程，并对Ｒ－ＰＥ及亚基门的各发色团进行了“Ｓ”和“ｆ”型的指认。发现在亚基中为“ｆ”型的发色团在Ｒ－ＰＥ中起着“ｓ”型发色团的作用，且将能量传递给量最后的“ｆ”型发色团。荣光激发偏振光谱进一步证明了Ｒ－ＰＥ内的能量转移过程与计算机解叠的结果一致。     

蒽－对二氰基乙烯基苯激基复合物的形成与能量传递

本文设计合成了三个以不同链长相连接的蒽－对二氰基乙烯基苯（Ａｎ－ＤＣＶＢ）化合物。利用吸收光谱，荧光光谱，激光闪光光解和单光子计数器等证实Ａｎ－ＤＣＶＢ受光激发，发生分子内电子转移，生成激基复合物且发现有三重态能量传递，描述了分子内电子转移的主要途径，研究并探讨了Ａｎ－ＤＣＶＢ的三种不同连接链长对分子构象，激基复合物的形成以及三重态能量传递的影响。     

蒽—对二氰基乙烯基苯激基复合物的形成与能量传递

本文设计合成了三个以不同链长相连接的蒽－对二氰基乙烯基苯（Ａｎ－ＤＣＶＢ）化合物。利用吸收光谱，荧光光谱，激光闪光光解和单光子计数器等证实Ａｎ－ＤＣＶＢ受光激发，发生分子内电子转移，生成激基复合物且发现有三重态能量传递，描述了分子内电子转移的主要途径，研究并探讨了Ａｎ－ＤＣＶＢ的三种不同连接连长对分子构象，激基复合物的形成以及三重态能量传递的影响。     

两种螺旋藻核复合物结构特性的研究

从螺旋藻藻胆体中分离出两种复合物，核复合物（ＡＰｃ）和杆－核复合物（ＡＰｃｒ）通过吸收光谱及其二阶导数光谱，荧光光谱研究了二者的结构和光谱特性，讨论了在这两种沉降系数分别为３６Ｓ和１６Ｓ的超分子复合物内几种连接多肽：Ｌ＾２９．５，Ｌｃ＾８．９和ＬＣＭ对复合物结构和功能的影响。     

钝顶螺旋藻中藻胆蛋白体的分离纯化

用 0 .3m mol· L- 1的十二烷基苯磺酸钠提取钝顶螺旋藻中的藻蓝蛋白和别藻蓝蛋白 ,再在硅藻土5 4 5柱上分级洗脱 ,进一步经 DEAE-纤维素柱纯化 ,藻蓝蛋白纯度达到了 4 .1(指可见区最大吸收与 2 80 nm处之比 ) ,最大吸收峰在 6 19nm,室温荧光发射峰在 6 4 3nm。别藻蓝蛋白纯度达到了 4 .7(指可见区最大吸收与 2 80 nm处之比 ) ,最大吸收峰在 6 5 2 nm,室温荧光发射峰在 6 6 7nm     

螺旋藻直线型突变株(Sp-Dz)藻蓝蛋白的分离纯化及生物活性的研究

螺旋藻直线型突变株(Sp-Dz)是一种新型的藻种,它具有蛋白含量高,生长速度快,上浮性好的优点.以其为藻种进行培养,对其蛋白提取物采用DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow柱纯化后得到藻蓝蛋白,同时采用了SDS-PAGE、紫外可见光谱、红外光谱对藻蓝蛋白产品进行表征,并测定了其抗肿瘤、抗氧化活性.研究结果表明:藻蓝蛋白的亚基分子质量为35.9 KDr,最大吸收光谱在620 nm处,二级结构中主要以α-螺旋结构为主.生物活性结果显示:藻蓝蛋白的抗氧化活性受自由基类型的影响很大,对DPPH自由基比对羟基自由基的清除作用强;对不同肿瘤细胞都有一定抑制作用,但敏感性不同,其中藻蓝蛋白对人肝细胞性肝癌细胞BEL-7402抑制效果最强.     

碲化镉量子点与金纳米粒子用于DNA检测

A DNA fluorescence probe system based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer （FRET） from CdTe quantum dot （QD） donors to Au nanoparticle （AuNP） acceptors is presented. CdTe QDs, 2.5nm in diameter, as energy donors, were prepared in water. Au nanoparticles, 16nm in diameter, as energy acceptors, were prepared from gold chloride by reduction. CdTe QDs were linked to 5＇-NH2-DNA through 1-ethyl-3-（dimethylaminopropyl）car- bodiimide hydrochloride （EDC） as a linker, and the 3＇-SH-DNA was self-assembled onto the surface of AuNPs. The hybridization of complementary double stranded DNA （dsDNA） bound to the QDs and AuNPs （CdTe-dsDNA-Au） determined the FRET distance of CdTe QDs and Au nanoparticles. Compared to the fluorescence of CdTe-DNA, the fluorescence of CdTe-DNA-Au conjugates decreased extremely, which indicated that the FRET occurred between CdTe QDs and Au nanoparticles. The fluorescence change of this conjugate depended on the ratio of Au-DNA to CdTe-DNA. When the AuNPs-DNA to QD-DNA ratio was 10：1, the FRET efficiency reached a maximum. The probe system would have a certain degree of fluorescence recovery when a complementary single stranded DNA was introduced into this system, which showed that the distance between CdTe QDs and Au nanoparticles was increased.     

以共价键相连的卟啉-酞菁化合物分子内能量传递及光诱导电子转移

合成了叶啉与酞菁以共价键连接起来的双发色团分子。测定了它们的吸收光谱,荧光光谱,荧光寿命等。计算了分子内能量传递过程的效率(φ_(EnT))及速率常数(κ_(EnT))。结果表明:在稀溶液中,卟啉与酞菁等克分子混合时,观察不到分子间能量传递过程现象的发生;而双发色团分子的分子内能量传递过程则明显发生了,其效率(φ_(EnT)=13～70％)与速率常数(κ_(EnT)=1.2×10~7～2.0×10~8s~(-1))取决于分子的结构类型。电子转移与能量传递过程与介质性质有关。在极性溶剂中有利于电子转移过程的进行,而不利于能量传递过程;在非极性溶剂中,则有利于能量传递过程的进行,而不利于电子转移。 选择性激发酞菁发色团,观测到了只有电子转移发生的过程,其电子转移效率达到38％。     

Comparison of electrocoagulation,peroxi-electrocoagulation and peroxi-coagulation processes for treatment of simulated purified terephthalic acid wastewater: Optimization,sludge and kinetic analysis

This study mainly focuses on a comparative study of electrocoagulation (EC), peroxi-electrocoagulation (PEC) and peroxi-coagulation (PC) processes for the treatment of aqueous solution containing major toxic components of purified terephthalic acid wastewater: benzoic acid (BA), terephthalic acid (TPA), para-toluic acid (p-TA) and phthalic acid (PA). The solution was initially treated by acid treatment method at various pH (2-4) and temperature (15-60 °C). The supernatant was further remediated by EC, PEC and PC methods independently. Process variables such as pH (4-12) and pH (1-5), current density (45.72-228.60 A/m²), electrolyte concentration (0.04-0.08 mol/L), electrode gap (1-3 cm), H₂O₂ concentration (600-1,000 mg/L) and reaction time (20-100 min) during EC, PEC and PC treatment were effectively optimized through central composite design under Design Expert software. Maximum COD removal of 60.76%, 73.91%, 66.68% with energy consumption (kWh/kg COD removed) of 95.81, 49.58, 69.26 was obtained by EC, PEC and PC treatments, respectively, at optimum conditions. Electrochemical methods were compared by removal capacities, consumption of energy, operating cost, degradation kinetics and sludge characteristics. PEC treatment was found most effective among EC, PEC and PC processes due to its highest removal capacity and lowest energy consumption features.     

Does photoelectrocatalysis by TiO2 work?

BACKGROUND: This paper examines TiO₂ photoelectrocatalysis (PEC), a process that increases the efficiency of TiO₂ photocatalysis (PC) by applying a potential to separate the UV‐generated charge carriers whose recombination typically limits photonic efficiencies of conventional photocatalysis. RESULTS: Four representative photoelectrocatalytic reactions, nitrophenol oxidation, oxalate degradation, E. coli inactivation and dye decolouration were considered. For all four, a small applied potential raised the rate of pollutant removal by TiO₂ electrodes. Because the improvements were probably insufficient to make PEC technologically viable except in niche applications, rates of pollutant removal by PEC and by PC using TiO₂ particle dispersions were directly compared. PEC rates were not significantly larger than rates of PC by dispersions. CONCLUSION: Discussions of the implications of these conclusions focus on whether PEC is currently limited by reactor design (irradiation geometry, or mass transfer) or by electrode materials. It is inferred that the performance of present electrodes is not limited significantly by mass transfer constraints. Since the choice of electrode materials (sol–gel or thermal electrodes) has been shown to influence PEC efficiency, recent results on titania nanotubes (TNT) are reviewed. It is concluded that the enhancement factors—the PEC:PC ratio—of TNT electrodes are no higher than those of conventional materials. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Morphological exploration of chemical vapor–deposited P-doped ZnO nanorods for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is beneficial and has received attractive attention due to a greater potential to generate hydrogen and oxygen from water by using plentiful solar light to solve the problem of energy crisis. Various active semiconductor materials are used in PEC water splitting applications. Nevertheless, in past decades, most of the researchers suggested that titanium oxide (TiO₂) is the best photoanode for this type of applications. Now, Zinc oxide (ZnO) is considered a perfect substitution to TiO₂ due to its comparable energy band structure and superior photogenerated electron transfer rate. In this study, bare and phosphorous-doped ZnO nanorods were successfully developed on fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated glass (FTO) substrate by chemical vapor deposition. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern authenticated hexagonal structure formation with strong diffraction peak of (101), which showed that ZnO nanorods were perfectly developed along c axis. The optical and morphological properties were analyzed by UV–Vis and scanning electron microscopy images. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectra demonstrated that doping agent phosphorous was present in ZnO nanorods. The PEC properties of the developed ZnO nanorods were further investigated and obtained results suggested that a small amount of phosphorous-doped ZnO nanorods enhances their PEC performance.     

苝四羧酸多联体化合物的合成及其光谱特性研究

本文合成了８个四羧酸多联体化合物;测定了这些化合物的吸收光谱、荧光光谱．研究了由供电子分子键连的多联体分子的光谱特性及其分子体系内稳态荧光猝灭机理．首次从吸收光谱和荧光光谱上分析和考察了四羧酸多联体化合物分子体系内的光致电子转移反应．     

Synthesis and properties of an amphoteric polycarboxylic acid-based superplasticizer used in sulfoaluminate cement

A novel amphoteric polycarboxylic (APC) acid-based superplasticizer was prepared by solution copolymerization from maleic anhydride, allyl polyethylene glycol, and methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC). The cationic monomer DMC was introduced for improving the performances of sulfoaluminate cement (SAC) with APC. The condition on preparation of APC was determined by the orthogonal experiment, and the performances of fresh and hardened superplasticized mortars were assessed. APC was characterized by FTIR spectra. Adsorption amount and dispersing effectiveness of APC were also investigated. Results indicated that APC could improve the fluidity and enhance the mechanical performances of SAC mortars. Adsorption amount of APC in SAC is large. Compared with an anionic PC superplasticizer and a commercial superplasticizer Visco Crete 3390, APC has the better performance. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Electrodeposition of ZnO nanoflake-based photoanode sensitized by carbon quantum dots for photoelectrochemical water oxidation

We report a promising simple strategy for improving the performance of the photoanode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. Three-dimentional hierarchical ZnO nanoflake arrays with abundant porosity and small thickness on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrate (FTO) was prepared with electrodeposition. The ZnO nanoflake-based photoanode exhibits superior photoresponse and PEC capability. Furthermore, the ZnO photoanode sensitized by carbon quantum dots (CQDs) can further PEC performance due to the narrower bandgap of CQDs and the improved efficiency of photogenerated electrons transfer from CQDs to ZnO nanostructures. The morphology and properties of the sample were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cross-section SEM, UV–vis spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), FT-IR, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and electrical measurements.