锦纶织物的SiO2/TiO2复合水溶胶超亲水整理

以钛酸四丁酯和正硅酸乙酯为前驱体,水为溶剂制备SiO2/TiO2复合水溶胶,并以浸渍法对锦纶织物进行超亲水抗静电整理.以接触角、感应电压和半衰期为评价依据,研究织物经SiO2/TiO2复合水溶胶整理后的亲水抗静电性能.试验表明,随着复合水溶胶中Si/(Si+ Ti)的比例增大,整理织物的亲水性和抗静电性均呈现先增强后减弱的趋势;当Si/(Si+Ti)比例为0.89和0.91时,经复合水溶胶整理的锦纶织物呈现超亲水性.     

TiO2溶胶光催化降解亚甲基蓝

以钛酸四正丁酯[Ti(OC4H9)4]为前驱体,乙醇为溶剂,盐酸为催化剂,在20℃制备了有光催化活性的TiO2溶胶.在40 W紫外灯光照条件下,通过对亚甲基蓝的降解试验,研究了溶胶制备条件、溶胶用量、光照时间和亚甲基蓝溶液初始质量浓度与光催化效果的关系.试验结果表明:当Ti(OC4H9)4与H2O量比为1:100,20℃下陈化7 d,制得的TiO2溶胶对0.20g/L亚甲基蓝溶液的降解率达到97.5%,具有较好的光催化性能.     

功能化纳米Al2O3/PU溶胶的制备及其性能表征

以异丙醇铝（AIP）为原料,聚氨酯（PU）作为偶联剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法,制备了较为稳定的功能化纳米Al2O3/PU溶胶。通过研究凝胶制备工艺过程中的水解温度、水铝比（摩尔比）、酸铝比（摩尔比）、酸解剂、以及陈化温度和时间等因素对溶胶粒径和粘度等的影响,得到了制备稳定、透明功能纳米Al2O3溶胶的最佳工艺条件,即水解温度：80 ℃;n(H2O)/n(Al3+)=105;n(H+)/n(Al3+)=0.24;酸解剂：HNO3;陈化温度：80 ℃;陈化时间：24 h。采用纳米粒度分析仪、红外光谱分析（FI-IR）等手段对溶胶的性能和结构进行了表征,结果表明：功能化纳米Al2O3/PU溶胶的粒径范围在40~120 nm之间,粘度范围在4~10 mPa?s, 而且PU的添加使得亲水性集团羟基,碳碳双键和酮羰基等化学键基团成功地引入到Al2O3/PU溶胶,使得AIP和PU之间通过化学键更好的交联,增强了溶胶的强度。     

纳米TiO2/SiO2涂布颜料的制备及其喷墨打印性能的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米TiO2/SiO2复合材料,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和红外光谱(FT-IR)对其结构进行了表征。FT-IR光谱、TEM和SEM谱图分析表明,TiO2与SiO2基质之间存在着Ti—O—Si键,纳米TiO2/SiO2粒子形状基本为球形,粒径大小为20~50 nm。将纳米TiO2/SiO2复合材料用作喷墨打印涂布颜料,能够改善纸页平滑度、吸收性能、提高图像打印和印刷质量。     

纳米TiO_2/SiO_2复合氧化物的制备及其性能研究

以酞酸丁酯和正硅酸乙酯为前驱物,采用溶胶凝胶法制备了纳米钛硅复合氧化物。利用Nano-ZS型纳米粒度仪、红外光谱分析仪(IR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等对制得的纳米Ti O2/Si O2进行表征与分析,并将其应用于棉织物的功能整理中,比较不同整理条件下织物的抗紫外与抗菌效果。结果表明,制备的Ti O2/Si O2复合氧化物以Ti-O-Si键结合,且二氧化硅的加入能有效地抑制晶体粒径的团聚和锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变;整理后的织物抗菌率达90%以上,同时还具有较好的抗紫外线性能。     

相变材料在调温纤维上的应用

利用溶胶-凝胶复合相变材料(A/SiO2),并用DSC对其热性能进行了测试。考察了水/酯摩尔比、反应温度、搅拌速度、pH值、陈化温度、酯/相变材料摩尔比等因素对胶凝时间及纤维调温性能的影响,筛选出最佳工艺。采用涂层法将复合相变材料整理到织物上。结果表明:复合后相变材料具有较高相变焓;复合相变材料的相变焓、相变温度均较纯相变材料稍有降低;织物经相变材料涂层整理后具有良好调温性能。     

季铵化溶胶稳定性影响因素及其抗菌性能

为改善棉织物的抗菌性能,采用溶胶-凝胶法将季铵盐整理到织物表面。以正硅酸乙酯、乙醇为原料,盐酸为催化剂,季铵盐为添加剂制备阳离子季铵化溶胶。探讨酸、水、溶剂乙醇与前躯体正硅酸乙酯的物质的量比和反应温度对阳离子溶胶稳定性的影响。结果表明：盐酸用量增大,反应温度升高,溶胶的黏度增大,离心稳定性降低;随着体系水量的增加,溶胶的黏度先增大后减小,离心稳定性先降低后升高;乙醇量增大,溶胶的黏度降低,离心稳定性提高。经溶胶整理后的织物对金黄色葡萄球菌表现出良好的杀菌性能且具有较好的耐水洗性。     

纳米TiO2溶胶在负离子整理中的应用

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米TiO2溶胶,并对棉织物进行负离子整理.探讨了不同因素对溶胶性能以及棉织物负离子发生量的影响,确定的优化工艺为:钛酸丁酯:二乙醇胺:乙醇:水为1:1:30:2.4(物质的量比),整理后棉织物的负离子发生量为2 380个/cm3,且织物白度变化不大.     

APTES/GPTMS溶胶二浴法在羊毛织物防毡缩整理中的应用

以γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)、γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(GPTMS)为原料制备了2种硅醇盐溶胶,采用APTES/GPTMS硅醇盐溶胶二浴法对羊毛织物进行防毡缩整理,使用热重分析和固体NMR对APTES/GPTMS硅醇盐复合溶胶及其凝胶进行研究,并与GPTMS硅醇盐溶胶一浴法进行对比.实验表明:APTMS/GPTMS硅醇盐复合溶胶缩聚速率显著大于GPTMS硅醇盐溶胶.GPTMS硅醇盐凝胶中仅少量环氧键发生开环,多数(=)Si—O—缩合成三维网状结构,少量以线性结构存在.而复合凝胶结构较前者更为致密,环氧键几乎全部开环,大部分硅原子形成三维(=)Si-O-Si(=)键.因此与一浴法相比,二浴法整理在较低焙烘温度(120℃)中羊毛织物具有更佳防毡缩性能(面积毡缩率1.4％).     

溶胶-凝胶溶液稳定性因素初探

由正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、3-缩水甘油醚基三甲氧基硅烷乙醇(GPTM S)、催化剂、溶剂组成的溶胶-凝胶溶液,可以将少量物质处理到织物表面,改变织物性能和提高染色织物牢度.分析了催化剂种类、溶剂浓度、偶联剂浓度以及温度对溶胶-凝胶溶液稳定性的影响.结果表明,盐酸是比较合适的催化剂,当量比n(H2 O)∶n(TEOS)大于8∶1 时,溶胶粘度下降,凝胶化时间延长.偶联剂浓度影响溶胶溶液的粘度,通过控制温度可以决定凝胶化时间.     

Enhancement of activity and sulfur resistance of CeO2 supported on TiO2-SiO2 for the selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3

A series of novel metal-oxide-supported CeO(2) catalysts were prepared via the wet impregnation method, and their NH(3)-SCR activities were investigated. The Ce/TiO(2)-SiO(2) catalyst with a Ti/Si mass ratio of 3/1 exhibited superior NH(3)-SCR activity and high N(2) selectivity in the temperature range of 250-450 °C. The characterization results revealed that the activity enhancement was correlated with the properties of the support material. Cerium was highly dispersed on the TiO(2)-SiO(2) binary metal oxide support, and the interaction of Ti and Si resulted in greater conversion of Ce(4+) to Ce(3+) on the surface of the catalyst compared to that on the single metal oxide supports. As a result of in the increased number of acid sites on Ce/TiO(2)-SiO(2) that resulted from the addition of SiO(2), the NH(3) adsorption capacity was significantly improved. All of these factors played significant roles in the high SCR activity. More importantly, Ce/TiO(2)-SiO(2) exhibited strong resistance to SO(2) and H(2)O poisoning. After the addition of SiO(2), the number of Lewis-acid sites was not decreased, but the number of Br?nsted-acid sites on the TiO(2)-SiO(2) carrier was increased. The introduction of SiO(2) further weakened the alkalinity over the surface of the Ce/TiO(2)-SiO(2) catalyst, which resulted in sulfate not easily accumulating on the surface of the Ce/TiO(2)-SiO(2) catalyst in comparison with Ce/TiO(2).     

介孔TiO2-SiO2的制备及光催化降解黑液的影响因素

以钛酸四丁酯（TBOT）为钛源，正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）为硅源，三嵌段共聚物（P125）为模板剂，溶胶-凝胶法合成了具有不同钛硅摩尔比的介孔TiO2-SiO2，用小角X射线衍射（SAXRD）、X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、红外（FT-IR）等分析手段对产物结构和光学性能进行了表征。考察了催化剂的种类、光照时间、催化剂的用量、初始pH、通氧方式等对降解制浆黑液的影响因素。结果表明：介孔TiO2-SiO2（Ti／Si=100：1）具有较高的催化活性，在催化剂用量为1．5g／L、初始pH=6、连续通氧条件下降解效果最佳，光照反应12h后，黑液CODCr及色度的去除率分别达94．9％和97．6％．     

Photocatalytic oxidation and decomposition of acetic acid on titanium silicalite

Transient reaction of adsorbed monolayers of acetic acid was used to characterize the photocatalytic properties of titanium silicalite zeolites (TS-1). The TS-1 zeolites having Si/Ti ratios of 5, 12.5, and 50 are effective catalysts at room temperature for both photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) and decomposition (PCD) of acetic acid. The rates of PCO are higher than the rates of PCD for each catalyst. Acetic acid oxidized photocatalytically in 0.2% O2 to form gas-phase CO2 and CH4 and adsorbed H2O on the TS-1 catalysts, whereas no CH4 formed on Degussa P25 TiO2. Isotope labeling showed that, on both TiO2 and TS-1 catalysts, the alpha-carbon formed CO2 whereas the beta-carbon formed CH4 and CO2. The rates of oxidation of the two carbons have different dependencies on UV intensity. The catalysts with higher Si/Ti ratios adsorbed significantly more acetic acid, and the PCO rates per gram of titanium are highest on the TS-1 catalyst with the lowest Ti content, apparently because a larger fraction of the Ti atoms are surface atoms on this catalyst. During PCD in an inert atmosphere, CO2, CH4, and C2H6 formed on TiO2 and on the catalyst with a Si/Ti ratio of 5, but C2H6 was not detected on the other catalysts. The CO2/CH4 selectivity during PCD increased with increasing Si/Ti ratio. The first step in PCO and PCD on TS-1 catalysts appears to be similar and involves formation of a CH3 radical.     

混凝-光催化联用技术处理制浆中段废水的研究——TiO2-SiO2光催化剂的制备

以钛酸丁酯、正硅酸乙酯、无水乙醇等为原料,采用Sol-Gel法制备TiO2-SiO2光催化剂,通过单因素实验得到最佳制备工艺条件为:n(钛酸丁酯)∶n(正硅酸乙酯)为2.33∶1,煅烧温度为600℃,煅烧时间为3 h,反应溶液pH值为3。当进水CODCr为379.5 mg/L,TiO2-SiO2光催化剂的投加量为0.5 g/L,紫外光照时间为3 h时,出水CODCr为67.8 mg/L。TiO2-SiO2光催化剂颗粒大小为100～500 nm,具有较高的催化活性和稳定性,可以多次重复使用。对比实验表明,TiO2-SiO2处理制浆中段废水的效率比TiO2高。     

Development of an E-H2O2/TiO2 photoelectrocatalytic oxidation system for water and wastewater treatment

In this study, an innovative E-H2O2/TiO2 (E-H2O2 = electrogenerated hydrogen peroxide) photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) oxidation system was successfully developed for water and wastewater treatment. A TiO2/Ti mesh electrode was applied in this photoreactor as the anode to conduct PEC oxidation, and a reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) electrode was used as the cathode to electrogenerate hydrogen peroxide simultaneously. The TiO2/Ti mesh electrode was prepared with a modified anodic oxidation process in a quadrielectrolyte (H2SO4-H3PO4-H2O2-HF) solution. The crystal structure, surface morphology, and film thickness of the TiO2/Ti mesh electrode were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The analytical results showed that a honeycomb-type anatase film with a thickness of 5 microm was formed. Photocatalytic oxidation (PC) and PEC oxidation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) in an aqueous solution were performed under various experimental conditions. Experimental results showed that the TiO2/Ti electrode, anodized in the H2SO4-H3PO4-H2O2-HF solution, had higher photocatalytic activity than the TiO2/Ti electrode anodized in the H2SO4 solution. It was found that the maximum applied potential would be around 2.5 V, corresponding to an optimum applied current density of 50 microA cm(-2) under UV-A illumination. The experiments confirmed that the E-H2O2 on the RVC electrode can significantly enhance the PEC oxidation of TCP in aqueous solution. The rate of TCP degradation in such an E-H2O2-assisted TiO2 PEC reaction was 5.0 times that of the TiO2 PC reaction and 2.3 times that of the TiO2 PEC reaction. The variation of pH during the E-H2O2-assisted TiO2 PEC reaction, affected by individual reactions, was also investigated. It was found that pH was well maintained during the TCP degradation in such an E-H2O2/TiO2 reaction system. This is beneficial to TCP degradation in an aqueous solution.     

纳米氧化锌-氧化铁混合溶胶对涤纶织物的抗静电效果

本文以不同摩尔比的Zn(CH3COO)2?2H20和FeCl2?4H2O的混合物为主要原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制取了不同摩尔比的纳米ZnO-Fe2O3溶胶,采用浸轧-烘焙法将纳米ZnO-Fe2O3整理到涤纶织物表面进行抗静电整理,探究不同摩尔比的抗静电效果。实验表明,Zn(CH3COO)2?2H20和FeCl2?4H2O在摩尔比为5:1时涤纶织物的抗静电效果最好,此时半衰期和峰值电压由原来的11.31s和860v全部降为0。     

TiO2-SnO2复合溶胶在羊毛阻燃整理中的应用

针对羊毛阻燃整理的生态性要求,选择TiO2-SnO2 复合溶胶对羊毛织物进行阻燃整理,通过正交试验确定复合溶胶配方,采用极限氧指数、红外光谱分析、热重分析、扫描电镜观察等方法对整理前后羊毛的阻燃性能、元素组成变化、热裂解行为及表面形貌进行测试和分析。结果表明：当C2H5OH、H2O、SnO2、TiO2、HNO3、CH3COOH各组分的量比为3:1:0.2:0.1:0.1:0.1时,阻燃效果较好;复合溶胶在羊毛表面形成一层氧化物薄膜,这层难燃的薄膜能阻止热量传递和氧气的扩散,改变了羊毛的燃烧性能;有机硅柔软剂在改善织物手感的同时可提高复合溶胶阻燃整理的耐洗涤性。     

溶胶-凝胶法在金刚石表面涂覆铝-硅-硼氧化物涂层的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法在金刚石表面涂覆了铝-硅-硼氧化物涂层,并用扫描电子显微镜、综合热分析仪和抗压强度仪对涂层的形貌、结构以及涂膜前后金刚石的氧化行为和单颗粒金刚石的抗压强度进行了表征。结果表明：所制得的涂层在金刚石颗粒表面分布较均匀,结构致密,可将金刚石颗粒的起始氧化温度提高100℃左右,并能有效地延缓金刚石在高温环境下的氧化速度,同时还可以提高金刚石单颗粒抗压强度约22.75%。     

反相微乳液水热法合成锐钛矿TiO2微球及其光催化性能

以钛酸丁酯（TBT）为钛源、辛烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚(Triton X-100)为表面活性剂,采用反相微乳液水热法制备锐钛矿TiO2微球,并研究了反应体系中水含量对生成的锐钛矿TiO2微球性能的影响。采用粉末X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、荧光光谱（PL）对锐钛矿TiO2微球的结构、形貌和物相等进行表征。结果表明：在一定范围内增加钛酸丁酯/水（TBT/H2O）摩尔比,锐钛矿TiO2微球形貌由无规则形态向规则形貌转变,颗粒尺寸也随之变均匀。同时,以亚甲基蓝为目标降解物,对其光催化活性进行评价,结果表明颗粒尺寸和形貌的变化对其催化活性有较大影响,当TBT/H2O摩尔比为1:25时,微球尺寸均匀,催化活性最好,优于商业化P25。