炼油厂回收低压瓦斯气体技术

炼油厂在生产过程中会产生的大量低压瓦斯气体，过去都是直接引入火炬烧掉。本文主要总结在回收瓦斯气体的过程中，解决火炬点火系统、回收前瓦斯气体的洗涤、瓦斯压缩机和燃机发电系统等相关问题，达到了节能的目的，创造了较好的经济效益。     

低压瓦斯回收装置及相关工艺的选择

炼油厂火炬每年都要烧掉大量无法直接利用的低压瓦斯,既污染了环境又导致能源的极大浪费。为了提高企业的社会效益和经济效益,需要建设必要的装置回收低压瓦斯。本文对瓦斯回收装置的设备选型和相关工艺流程进行了探讨分析,为炼油厂今后消灭火炬、选用合适的气柜型式和压缩机系统及相关工艺流程提供参考。     

合成氨副产低压蒸汽回收利用节能技术研究

阐述了合成氨副产低压蒸汽回收利用系统的设计要点、工艺流程,并介绍了该系统的应用情况(包括主要设备选型和控制策略)。最后对合成氨副产低压蒸汽回收利用系统应用后的经济效益进行了分析。     

变频调速技术在炼油厂的应用及效益

介绍了炼油厂生产装置的机泵应用变频调速技术的节电原理,控制原理及产生的效益等。     

冷凝水回收技术探讨

过去,工业企业的冷凝水回收方式大多为分区设置开式集水坑,然后采用冷凝泵抽吸送至锅炉或其它用热水系统,散热损失较大。现在许多能源研究部门相继研制成功了密闭式高温冷凝水回收装置、真空冷凝水回收装置以及废蒸汽及高温冷凝水回收压缩机回收装置等等,大大降低了散热损失,基本收到了较好的节能效果,但还存在一些问题,使其推广进度缓慢。本文就此作一些讨论,以供借鉴。     

炼油装置余热回收汽暖改水暖集中供热方案研究

为回收炼厂丰富的低温余热用于生活区的集中供暖,本文对余热资源和生活区采暖热负荷分别进行了综合标定和统计计算,确定采用回收余热、汽暖改水暖的集中供热系统方案。技术经济分析表明,该方案的节能效果和经济效益十分显著。     

炼油装置余热回收集中热水供应技术研究

为回收炼油装置丰富的低温余热用于生活区的集中供热,对余热资源和生活热水供应热负荷分别进行了综合标定和统计计算,在分析比较的基础上确定采用热管换热器回收余热和双管制生活热水集中供应系统方案,并对余热流股热回收的热管换热器进行了设计计算。集中热水供应系统的技术经济分析表明,该方案在技术上是可行的,节能效果和经济效益十分显著。     

减小燃气轮机油气切换时的燃气压力波动

介绍了整体煤气化联合循环发电系统中燃气轮机在开车过程中燃气压力大幅度波动原因及解决方法。     

Utilization of produced gas of CO2 flooding to improve oil recovery

Large amounts of mixed gas containing CO₂ and hydrocarbon would be produced during CO₂ flooding. Injecting the produced gas back to reservoir can not only make full use of CO₂, but also can reduce air contamination. Taking produced crude oil and gases with different CO₂ concentration from Jilin oilfield as examples in this paper, the phase behavior and the physical properties of live oil-gas system were measured with a visible PVT apparatus. In terms of oil viscosity reduction and swelling, the gas with high CO₂ concentration was found to be substantially effective. Furthermore, comparative slim tube tests of the oil recovery performance using the five kinds of gases under different operating pressure were conducted in one-dimensional model. Results indicate that displacement efficiency increases linearly with the increasing CO₂ content in the recycle gas; displacement efficiency increases with operating pressure under immiscible conditions. Re-injecting produced gas with relative high CO₂ concentration back to reservoir is a method both time-saving and cost-effective.     

气体膜技术在炼厂含氢干气浓缩制氢节能改造中的应用

采用气体膜分离技术,对含氢干气进行预分离,分离出来的浓缩氢不再进入转化单元,而直接去PSA单元提纯制氢,既节约了浓缩氢原先进入转化单元的无效能耗,又缓解了转化单元高负荷的压力,同时还提高了制氢装置的生产能力。     

The potential of enhanced oil recovery

This paper presents results of a comprehensive analysis of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) potential in the United States for the rest of this century and beyond with respect to potential production rates and ultimate oil recovery. The analysis is based on a resource database consisting of over 2500 reservoirs with approximately 325 billion barrels of the original oil in place and considers two technology cases: a base economic case and an advanced technology case, both with variable oil price assumptions and discounted cash flow rate of return. The results are presented in graphical form and include EOR potential in the United States in terms of ultimate oil recovery and production rate to the year 2013 for each major EOR group of technologies and under varying economic and technological scenarios. The main conclusion of the study indicates that EOR could increase the current domestic crude reserves by approximately 40 per cent for the base case and nearly double the production rate for the implemented technology case.     

特型管换热器在炼油及石化工业上的应用

文章主要介绍T形翅片管高效强化换热器的研制和工程应用效果。特别介绍了T形翅片客小试及工业试验、计算数模的使用范围，并阐述了特型管换热器在石化生产传热过程中的应用和所取得的良好节能节资效果及在生产装置扩能改造解除“瓶颈”中发挥的作用。     

热管在采油中的热力学特性研究

热管在采油中的应用,主要应用在井筒中.井筒重力热管是利用热管将油藏自身能量即井底热量传递到井筒上部,在无需外加动力条件下实现对井筒近井口流体加热,改善井口流体温度分布,防止近井口结蜡和絮凝,从而降低采油成本.为了研究井筒重力热管的传热性能和工作过程,进而改进和优化重力热管的传热性能,运用Visual Basic进行模拟计算.基于理论研究,证明热管起到了均衡流体温度场的作用.在此基础上,原油与地层传热系数反应了原油向地层散热的能力,该系数与井口油温基本呈线性关系;原油与热管传热系数对原有温度的降低有一定局限性;对于长径比较大的热管,热流密度不大的情况下,会出现携带极限,可通过计算得到验证.     

低压锅炉蒸汽冷凝水缓蚀处理与经济效益

文章分析了蒸汽冷凝水对锅炉碳钢回水管的腐蚀原因，介绍了冷凝回水缓蚀处理的技术和应用，以及由此产生的经济效益。