炼油厂回收低压瓦斯气体技术

炼油厂在生产过程中会产生的大量低压瓦斯气体，过去都是直接引入火炬烧掉。本文主要总结在回收瓦斯气体的过程中，解决火炬点火系统、回收前瓦斯气体的洗涤、瓦斯压缩机和燃机发电系统等相关问题，达到了节能的目的，创造了较好的经济效益。     

低压瓦斯回收装置及相关工艺的选择

炼油厂火炬每年都要烧掉大量无法直接利用的低压瓦斯,既污染了环境又导致能源的极大浪费。为了提高企业的社会效益和经济效益,需要建设必要的装置回收低压瓦斯。本文对瓦斯回收装置的设备选型和相关工艺流程进行了探讨分析,为炼油厂今后消灭火炬、选用合适的气柜型式和压缩机系统及相关工艺流程提供参考。     

合成氨副产低压蒸汽回收利用节能技术研究

阐述了合成氨副产低压蒸汽回收利用系统的设计要点、工艺流程,并介绍了该系统的应用情况(包括主要设备选型和控制策略)。最后对合成氨副产低压蒸汽回收利用系统应用后的经济效益进行了分析。     

冷凝水回收技术探讨

过去,工业企业的冷凝水回收方式大多为分区设置开式集水坑,然后采用冷凝泵抽吸送至锅炉或其它用热水系统,散热损失较大。现在许多能源研究部门相继研制成功了密闭式高温冷凝水回收装置、真空冷凝水回收装置以及废蒸汽及高温冷凝水回收压缩机回收装置等等,大大降低了散热损失,基本收到了较好的节能效果,但还存在一些问题,使其推广进度缓慢。本文就此作一些讨论,以供借鉴。     

变频调速技术在炼油厂的应用及效益

介绍了炼油厂生产装置的机泵应用变频调速技术的节电原理,控制原理及产生的效益等。     

炼油装置余热回收汽暖改水暖集中供热方案研究

为回收炼厂丰富的低温余热用于生活区的集中供暖,本文对余热资源和生活区采暖热负荷分别进行了综合标定和统计计算,确定采用回收余热、汽暖改水暖的集中供热系统方案。技术经济分析表明,该方案的节能效果和经济效益十分显著。     

炼油装置余热回收集中热水供应技术研究

为回收炼油装置丰富的低温余热用于生活区的集中供热,对余热资源和生活热水供应热负荷分别进行了综合标定和统计计算,在分析比较的基础上确定采用热管换热器回收余热和双管制生活热水集中供应系统方案,并对余热流股热回收的热管换热器进行了设计计算。集中热水供应系统的技术经济分析表明,该方案在技术上是可行的,节能效果和经济效益十分显著。     

Energy analysis and waste heat recovery in a refinery

Petroleum refining is an energy-intensive industry and waste-heat recovery is essential. We investigate energy consumption of 4 refining processes: two crude distillation units, a vacuum distillation unit, and a platforming unit. Current heat-recovery practices and a new heat-recovery system are explored. Heat losses ranged from 25 to 62% of total heat input. The proposed heat-recovery methods increased the heat-utilization efficiencies by 12 to 48.5%, with overall heat losses reduced by 9.9 to 37.3%. A rotating regenerative heat exchanger is the heat-recovery unit of choice in terms of fuel saving and pay-back time.     

Development of an experimental technique for oil recovery during biomass pyrolysis

A new system to collect and analyse some of the condensable products of biomass pyrolysis is developed and tested. Pyrolysis of olive stone, oak pellet, pine pellet and major components of biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) is performed by means of a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Some of the pyrolysis oil generated during the pyrolysis process condenses on an aluminium ring located in the gas exhaust of the device. The validity and repeatability of the method were shown when a similar oil mass was collected when the test conditions were repeated with the same material. In the biomass experiments, a larger amount of oil was collected from pellet samples, which have the highest cellulose content. This is consistent with the pure component experiments, as avicel cellulose shows the highest depositions. The depositions of the pure components show greater percentage of oil deposited than those of the biomass samples. The results reveal the important influence that the compositions of the biomass and the interactions among its major components have on the composition and quantity in the final deposit. Finally, the differences between deposits from biomass and deposits from mixed components were revealed by an FTIR analysis of the liquid products.     

减小燃气轮机油气切换时的燃气压力波动

介绍了整体煤气化联合循环发电系统中燃气轮机在开车过程中燃气压力大幅度波动原因及解决方法。     

Utilization of produced gas of CO2 flooding to improve oil recovery

Large amounts of mixed gas containing CO₂ and hydrocarbon would be produced during CO₂ flooding. Injecting the produced gas back to reservoir can not only make full use of CO₂, but also can reduce air contamination. Taking produced crude oil and gases with different CO₂ concentration from Jilin oilfield as examples in this paper, the phase behavior and the physical properties of live oil-gas system were measured with a visible PVT apparatus. In terms of oil viscosity reduction and swelling, the gas with high CO₂ concentration was found to be substantially effective. Furthermore, comparative slim tube tests of the oil recovery performance using the five kinds of gases under different operating pressure were conducted in one-dimensional model. Results indicate that displacement efficiency increases linearly with the increasing CO₂ content in the recycle gas; displacement efficiency increases with operating pressure under immiscible conditions. Re-injecting produced gas with relative high CO₂ concentration back to reservoir is a method both time-saving and cost-effective.     

Systematic retrofit method for refinery hydrogen network with light hydrocarbons recovery

Retrofit of the refinery hydrogen network is one of the important issues faced by modern refineries. Refinery off-gas streams are rich in hydrogen and valuable light hydrocarbons. Light hydrocarbons recovery (LHR) process can recover the valuable hydrocarbons and generate the hydrogen-rich stream for reuse and recycle. We firstly propose the systematic procedure for the retrofit of refinery hydrogen network integrated with LHR process. The approach combines the pinch analysis technique and process modelling and simulation. The typical pinch analysis technique (i.e. problem table) is used to determine the flowrate targets. Aspen HYSYS is used for the modelling and simulation of LHR process. The retrofit of an industrial refinery hydrogen network is conducted to illustrate the procedure. Results show that the benefit of retrofit scheme (Integrated Scheme 3) with LHR reaches 7.488 million CNY/y, and the investment payback period is only 8 months.     

气体膜技术在炼厂含氢干气浓缩制氢节能改造中的应用

采用气体膜分离技术,对含氢干气进行预分离,分离出来的浓缩氢不再进入转化单元,而直接去PSA单元提纯制氢,既节约了浓缩氢原先进入转化单元的无效能耗,又缓解了转化单元高负荷的压力,同时还提高了制氢装置的生产能力。     

Modeling and optimization of an industrial hydrogen unit in a crude oil refinery

The main goal of this research is the modeling and optimization of an industrial hydrogen unit in a domestic oil refinery at steady state condition. The considered process consists of steam methane reforming furnace, low and high temperature shift converters, CO₂ absorption column and methanation reactor. In the first step, the reactors are heterogeneously modeled based on the mass and energy balance equations considering heat and mass transfer resistances in the gas and catalyst phases. The CO₂ absorption column is simulated based on the equilibrium non-ideal approach. In the second step, a single objective optimization problem is formulated to maximize hydrogen production in the plant considering operating and economic constraints. The feed temperature, firebox temperature, and steam flow rate in the reformer, feed temperature in shift converters, lean amine flow rate in the absorption column, and feed temperature in the methanator are selected as decision variables. The calculated effectiveness factors and mass transfer coefficients prove that the methane reforming is inertia-particle mass transfer control, while shift and methanation reactions are surface reaction control. The simulation results show that applying the optimal condition on the system increases hydrogen production capacity from 85.93 to 105.5 mol s⁻¹.