碳六烯烃异构化制备2,3-二甲基-2-丁烯

通过 1 己烯异构化反应的固体酸分子筛催化剂的研究 ,发现ZSM 35和SAPO 11分子筛催化剂具有很好的 1 己烯异构化生成 2 ,3 二甲基 2 丁烯催化反应性能。SAPO 11分子筛上当1 己烯反应空速从 0 2h-1增加到 2 0h-1时 ,2 ,3 二甲基 2 丁烯收率从 5 0 8%降到 0 2 1% ,表明 1 己烯异构生成 2 ,3 二甲基 2 丁烯是慢反应。以工业混合碳六烯烃为原料在t =2 70℃ ,p=0 2MPa ,WHSV =1 0h-1,n(H2 )∶n(碳六烯烃 ) =2∶1反应条件下 ,考察SAPO 11分子筛催化剂用于混合碳六烯烃异构的反应性能 ,在 4 6h的反应过程中 ,2 ,3 二甲基 2 丁烯的收率保持在 8 5 %～ 10 % ,产生的裂解产物和聚合产物收率低于 1%。     

偏三甲苯-甲醇烷基化制均四甲苯催化剂的研究

采用自制催化剂对偏三甲苯-甲醇烷基化制均四甲苯研究,探讨了不同反应工艺条件对催化剂活性的影响研究,得出催化剂的最佳使用工艺条件是反应温度为350℃、反应压力条件为1. 5 MPa、空速条件为0. 5～1. 0 h-1、原料配比为n(甲醇)/n(偏三甲苯)=2;同时考察高温焙烧以及预积碳处理两种改性手段对催化剂性能的影响,实验结果证实上述两种改性手段均能明显提高催化剂的活性。     

镍催化剂用于重整生成油选择性加氢的研究

制备了Ni/Al2O3催化剂,以重整生成油为原料(溴值为2. 6 g Br/100g,芳烃为71. 42%),考察了镍催化剂的选择性加氢脱烯烃性能。结果表明:在温度90～180℃、压力2. 0 MPa、体积空速6～10 h-1、氢油体积比20～60∶1反应条件下,加氢产物溴指数100 mg Br/100g,芳烃损失率0. 2%。     

重整芳烃脱烯烃杂质固体酸催化反应工艺

为开发环境友好的重整芳烃脱烯烃工艺,采用固定床反应装置进行了重整重芳烃脱烯烃杂质的固体酸催化反应工艺研究。研究结果表明,催化剂活性稳定性随着热处理温度升高而逐渐提高,烯烃转化率随着反应温度升高或空速降低而增大。在温度240℃、压力2.0 MPa、质量空速1.0 h-1反应条件下,用300℃热处理催化剂进行持续90天的芳烃脱烯烃反应,烯烃转化率从91.4%降低到85.8%。芳烃脱烯烃反应不影响芳烃组成。在温度220~260℃、压力3.0 MPa、质量空速1.0 h-1条件下考察催化剂活性稳定性,经120天持续反应精制产物溴指数保持在100 mg-Br/100 g以下,烯烃转化率大于88%。对失活催化剂分别进行乙醇和二氯甲烷器内洗涤再生,以及器内空气烧焦再生,三种再生催化剂的活性均接近新鲜催化剂活性水平。所开发的重整芳烃精制新工艺具有良好的应用前景。     

苯和碳九芳烃烷基转移催化剂的工业侧线试验

对苯和碳九芳烃烷基转移催化剂进行了工业侧线试验,考察了不同工艺条件下的催化剂性能.结果表明,适宜的反应条件为反应温度360～380 ℃,反应压力2.0～3.0 MPa,质量空速1.0～2.0 h-1,氢烃物质的量之比为 4～6,原料中苯与C9+A质量之比为(30∶70)～(50∶50),该条件下,催化剂活性较高,反应的总转化率和总选择性分别为45%和95%左右.1 100 h的稳定性试验结果表明,催化剂床层入口温度仅提高5 ℃而总转化率和总选择性基本不变,说明该催化剂的稳定性好.     

利用抽余C5加氢制戊烷

抽余C5目前主要用作燃料，用催化加氢方法可将其制成戊烷。多种金属催化剂对抽余C5有加氢活性,其中Pd-La-Ce/Al2O3在低压下表现出优良的反应活性。工艺条件试验表明:温度、H2/油比(V)对反应的影响较大。在选定的反应条件下(温度130-145℃;H2/油比(V)400;反应压力0.25MPa;液空速0.3h-1),催化剂Pd-La-Ce/Al2O3的500小时稳定性考察表明,该催化剂具有较优的反应活性、选择性和稳定性,通过一次加氢反应即可将烯烃含量达90%以上的抽余C5转化为饱和烃含量大于98%的戊烷产品     

烯烃歧化制备α-烯烃新方法研究

制备了一种负载型Re基催化剂Re2O7/γ-Al2O3,用于直链内烯烃与乙烯歧化制备α-烯烃。结果表明,以C11～C12直链内烯烃为原料,反应温度60℃,反应体积空速1 h-1,反应压力3 MPa的条件下,C11～C12烯烃的单程转化率达到90.0%,歧化选择性达到85.98%。     

纳米ZSM-5沸石上丁烯芳构化反应

用小型固定床加压反应器研究了液化石油气（C4 LPG）中的丁烯在纳米ZSM-5型催化剂DLG-1上的低温芳构化反应，重点考察了原料中二烯烃和碱性氮杂质，以及反应温度、压力和C4 LPG进料重量空速（WHSV LPG）条件对催化剂芳构化反应活性及稳定性的影响。结果表明：原料中的二烯烃和碱性氮杂质都能加速催化剂失活，其中碱性氮的失活作用比二烯烃大。反应温度、压力和进料重量空速都对催化剂性能有显著影响，最佳反应条件为450℃、2. 0 MPa和WHSV LPG=0. 83 h-1。反应温度、压力和进料空速过高都会导致催化剂积炭失活速度加快。     

Pd／Al2O3催化剂上裂解C5馏分选择性加氢反应研究

研究了负载在Al2O3载体上的贵金属钯（Pd）基催化剂在裂解C5馏分中选择性加氢反应中的性能。结果表明,Pd／Al2O3催化剂上可进行选择性加氢的反应条件区域为压力0．5～1．0MPa、体积空速2—4h^-1、氢油体积比100：1～300：1和反应温度为55—65℃,在此反应条件下,炔烃能被完全加氢去除,同时二烯烃发生部分转化,转化产物主要为单烯烃,其中二烯烃转化的产物主要是热力学相对稳定的单烯烃;在选定的反应条件中,随温度升高、压力增加、氢油比增加,炔烃、二烯烃转化率提高;而随液时空速增加,二烯烃转化率有所下降;在各反应条件中,温度和压力对催化剂加氢性能影响较为显著;制备的Pd／Al2O3催化剂对于炔烃和二烯烃具有好的选择性加氢能力,可能原因一方面是由于反应条件选择较缓和,另一方面是原料中硫的存在。     

偏钨酸铵催化剂制备C10α-烯烃聚合润滑油基础油

用盐酸蒸气处理的活性白土为载体,以杂多酸偏钨酸铵为活性组分制备催化剂,考察了盐酸蒸气处理催化剂的最佳条件及活性组分偏钨酸铵负载量对催化荆活性的影响,在微型反应装置上采用该催化剂进行C10α-烯烃聚合反应实验.在温度130 ℃、压力4.0 MPa和空速0.5 h-1聚合工艺条件下,盐酸蒸气的产生温度50℃、活性白土处理温...     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。