复杂光照环境下视频序列人脸姿态跟踪方法研究

复杂光照环境下难以实现人脸姿态的高精准跟踪,为此研究复杂光照环境下视频序列人脸姿态跟踪方法,提升跟踪进度和效率。通过高频加强滤波和直方图均衡技术光照补偿视频序列图像,采用参考颜色表法匹配图像肤色序列特征,将匹配到的图像肤色序列特征作为待分类样本输入Boosting分类器,利用改进Adaboost算法自动挑选特征,检测待跟踪人脸姿态特征,以此为基础,通过创建二维肤色高斯模型,并不断更新肤色模型,克服复杂光照条件对肤色带来的影响,实现复杂光照环境下人脸姿态跟踪。实验结果表明,该方法对于平移、缩放、旋转、光照及遮挡等复杂光照环境下的人脸姿态都能较好跟踪,在摄像机固定状态下,跟踪准确率为98.57%,计算时间为1.5 s,在摄像机运动状态下,跟踪准确率为93.33%,计算时间为1.86 s,抗噪声干扰性能较为优越。     

基于综合肤色检测和二值形态学的人脸定位研究

针对人脸定位检测中存在的速度慢、精度低及噪声干扰问题,提出了一种基于综合肤色检测和二值形态学的人脸定位检测算法.该算法将YCrCb(明亮度-色调-饱和度)模型与HSV(色相-饱和度-色调)模型用于人脸综合肤色检测,在YCrCb与HSV空间中根据待检测图像每点的颜色值进行人体区域或背景区域的判断;然后,将检测图像转换为二值图像,对图像进行形态学处理;最后,选用人脸几何特征对筛选后连通区域进行判别,实现人脸的准确定位和检测.实验结果表明,该算法对于简单、中等、复杂三种情况下人脸图像的检测正确率分别达到了99%、92%和85%.另外,由于二值形态学消噪算法的使用不仅提高了人脸检测的准确率,而且加快了检测速度.     

彩色图像特征空间变换的新算法及其应用

本文提出了一种彩色图像特征空间变换算法.该算法基于高维形象几何与仿生信息学理论,根据人眼特性,利用彩色图像中彩色信息的变化进行特征空间变换,能够提取出不受光源影响的图像特征.在彩色图像人脸检测应用中,与常见的肤色分割方法不同,该算法不需对肤色建模,不对彩色图像进行非线性彩色空间变换,而是直接将彩色原图变换到特征空间,在特征空间中定位平均脸特征数据的最佳匹配点.本文最后将该算法应用于复杂光源彩色图像的人脸检测中,实验结果验证了算法的有效性和鲁棒性,具有明显的应用价值.     

基于YCgCr色彩空间的人脸检测技术研究

讨论一种复杂背景下彩色图像的人脸检测方法。在RGB色彩空间对输入图像进行光照补偿,采用YCgCr色彩空间的高斯肤色模型来分割肤色区域,对肤色分割后的二值图像进行数学形态学和连通区域的分析和处理,尽可能去除大部分非人脸区域,最终定位出人脸区域。实验证明,该方法对不同光照条件和复杂背景下的图像有较好的适应性和检测效果。     

Curvelet域自适应脉冲耦合神经网络的图像融合方法

为解决传统图像融合准则不能充分利用图像全局特征的问题,将脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)模型用于Curvelet变换的图像融合中,提出了由表征子带图像局部特征的支撑值(SPV)作为刺激PCNN模型的外部激励输入,同时考虑Curvelet变换后低频子带信息与高频子带信息间的相关性,设定PCNN模型参数(连接强度和连接范围)随低频子带图像的特征自适应地变化,并且利用PCNN模型中各神经元的首次点火时间构造融合准则中的显著性度量。用PCNN模型模拟人眼视觉神经系统的生物特性,并利用其全局耦合特性对源图像进行智能地分析判断和融合处理,从而提高融合图像的整体效果。实验结果表明,由于PCNN具有全局耦合特性和脉冲同步特性,因此当它用来参与选取细节系数时,能够更好地利用子带图像的全局信息。     

脉冲耦合神经网络参数优化方法研究

针对脉冲耦合神经网络（pulse coupled neural networks, PCNN）参数设置问题,对常见的脉冲耦合神经网络参数优化方法进行了概述、总结、分析和比较。首先,介绍了脉冲耦合神经网络模型以及几种常见的简化模型,分析了各模型的特点。然后,对国内外学者提出的不同PCNN参数优化方法进行了研究,总结归纳出三类常用的PCNN参数优化方法,包括结合图像本身性质确定参数、分析PCNN点火机理确定参数和利用智能优化算法自动搜索参数的方法,并对这三类PCNN参数优化方法进行了分析比较,总结出各类优化方法的优缺点和适用场合。     

基于HS-CbCrCg肤色模型的人脸检测算法

传统的人脸检测方法对于复杂背景彩色图像中人脸区域检测效果不理想。本文首先对不同光照条件下的输入图像进行光补偿和图像增强的预处理,然后利用HS-CbCrCg颜色空间建立肤色模型对图像进行肤色判别,之后用改进的Adaboost算法检测肤色区域的人脸信息,最后对重点区域重检测判别出确信人脸。实验数据表明,此方法对比传统的人脸检测方法,处理速度更快同时能够降低人脸漏检率和误检率。     

基于肤色分割及特征定位的人脸检测算法研究

针对复杂彩色图像提出一种快速有效的人脸检测算法。首先通过一种新的色彩均衡技术消除由光照引起的色彩偏移,然后采用HSI空间与归一化RGB空间相结合的混合肤色模型,提取出原图像中的类肤色区域,最后根据人脸的几何特征定位眼睛、嘴巴和人脸区域。实验结果表明,该算法能较为准确地定位彩色图像中的正面或小角度偏转的人脸,具有较快的检测速度。     

利用肤色信息和几何特征的人脸检测算法研究

针对光照条件对人脸检测的影响,文章提出一种基于肤色信息和几何特征的面部检测算法。首先对图像做光照补偿,然后在肤色类聚良好的YCb Cr空间建立肤色模型。最后依据皮肤颜色信息和人脸几何特点检测出面部区域。     

复杂背景正面人脸嘴唇检测算法研究

嘴唇是人脸特征的重要组成部分,嘴部的定位和识别在口型识别与跟踪,唇读以及人脸动画合成等方面都起着十分关键的作用.首先在YCbCr空间建立肤色模型,对复杂背景图像中的人脸区域进行检测、定位,并进行去噪处理;然后在标准RGB彩色空间中,利用唇色进行嘴唇区域的提取.实验结果表明该方法可以完成在不同光照、不同背景下的人脸嘴唇区域的快速检测和定位.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks