Immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1

The extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are associated with the rheology, texture, and mouthfeel of fermented milk products, including yogurt. This study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of EPS purified from the culture supernatant of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus) OLL1073R-1. The crude EPS were prepared from the culture supernatant of L. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1 by standard chromatographic methods, and were fractionated into neutral EPS and acidic EPS (APS). Acidic EPS were further fractionated into high molecular weight APS (H-APS) and low molecular weight APS (L-APS). High molecular weight APS were shown to be phosphopolysaccharides containing D-glucose, D-galactose, and phosphorus. Stimulation of mouse splenocytes by H-APS significantly increased interferon-γ production, and, moreover, orally administered H-APS augmented natural killer cell activity. Oral administration of yogurt fermented with L. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1 and Streptococcus thermophilus OLS3059 to mice showed a similar level of immunomodulation as H-APS. However, these effects were not detected following administration of yogurt fermented with the starter combination of L. bulgaricus OLL1256 and S. thermophilus OLS3295. We conclude from these findings that yogurt fermented with L. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1, containing immunostimulative EPS, would have an immunomodulatory effect on the human body.     

德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种耐酸机制

德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种是最具经济价值的乳酸菌之一,其耐酸能力是影响其发酵性能和发挥益生功效的关键因素。本文就该菌的耐酸能力调节进行阐述。     

优选保加利亚乳杆菌发酵特性的测定

对实验室研究较为成熟的4株保加利亚乳杆菌进行发酵产酸、后酸化测定,同时对单菌株发酵、与嗜热链球菌组合发酵制备的酸奶进行质构测定和感官评价,旨为菌株开发成直投式酸奶发酵提供基础。     

利用德氏乳杆菌全酶液水解牛乳酪蛋白

采用响应面法优化超声破碎工艺获取乳酸菌的全酶液,探讨超声破碎功率、超声破碎时间以及溶菌酶的添加量对超声破碎的影响,对获取的全酶液进行水解脱脂乳及酪蛋白的实验。结果表明：随着超声破碎功率的加大,超声破碎时间的增加,所得酶活力值均呈现先增长后下降的趋势,分析所得的回归方程确定最佳工艺修正参数为：超声破碎仪设定功率71%,超声破碎仪设定时间7.5 min,体系中溶菌酶的添加量290 μL/30 mL菌液。在此条件下获取的全酶液水解脱脂乳及酪蛋白显示,超声破碎的过程对酶活力有较大损失,分开处理其胞内和胞外酶液,水解脱脂乳和酪蛋白所获得游离氨基氮的含量分别提高了223.86%和324.11%,高效液相色谱分析结果也证明全酶液水解所得多肽含量及肽段大小多样性均有所提高。     

保加利亚乳杆菌诱导产亚油酸异构酶条件研究

亚油酸异构酶可由保加利亚乳杆菌经诱导产生,可以将亚油酸(LA)转化为共轭亚油酸(CLA)。本实验对诱导保加利亚乳杆菌产亚油酸异构酶的条件进行研究,利用紫外和气质联用仪(GC-MS)检测所生成的CLA。结果表明：在培养基中添加1.5‰(V/V) LA 时所产酶的共轭亚油酸转化率最高;温度为36℃,培养36h 为较适的培养条件;单独添加0.1%(m/V)的乳糖或0.1%(m/V)的氯化钠有利于诱导产酶;在培养基中直接添加LA 的效果优于培养3至12h 后再进行添加。诱导所产酶可将LA 转化为CLA,且含有9c,11t-CLA 异构体。     

Detection and localization of a peptidoglycan hydrolase in Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus

Peptidoglycan hydrolase activities in Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus were detected by analysis of bacterial extracts on denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis containing lyophilized Micrococcus lysodeikticus cells as substrate. A hydrolase with an estimated molecular mass of 80 kDa was found to cross-react on Western blot with monoclonal antibodies raised against muramidase-2 of Enterococcus hirae. These antibodies were also used to demonstrate that the method of cell sample preparation affected protein detection. Slot and Western blots indicate that the peptidoglycan hydrolase from L. bulgaricus is bound to the cell wall. Immuno-labeling followed by optical and electron microscopic observations suggest that this hydrolase is intracellular and restricted mainly to the space between the membrane and the cell wall.     

德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种自发突变抗噬菌体菌株的选育及其特性

利用德氏乳杆菌L.bulgaricus KLDS08021为宿主菌,采用次级感染的方法筛选自发突变的抗噬菌体菌株,将筛选出的有抗性的7株菌株进行RAPD-PCR鉴定,然后进行EOP、遗传稳定性、溶源性检测,并对其中的2株抗性菌BIM1、BIM7及野生株进行发酵性能测定。结果显示,7株菌RAPD-PCR电泳图谱一致,均来自宿主菌,是遗传性稳定的非溶源性菌;无论噬菌体是否存在2株抗性菌BIM1、BIM7其发酵活菌数、产酸能力都比野生株高,且制作的发酵乳黏度与硬度也比野生菌株强,适于作为酸奶发酵菌株。     

优良保加利亚乳杆菌菌株的筛选及增殖培养

以24株德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种菌株为材料,通过发酵特性分析,包括产酸、产粘、后酸化及发酵风味质地等感官特性,从中筛选出具有优良发酵特性的菌株L3,LB和M28.并对LB菌株的增殖培养基进行了初步探讨,为酸奶发酵剂的开发奠定一定基础.     

保加利亚乳杆菌LJJ自溶的影响因素分析

考察了不同生长阶段的保加利亚乳杆菌LJJ在不同温度及酸度环境中的自溶度变化,不同浓度SDS和Triton X-100对菌体自溶度和溶菌酶活性的影响,并采用扫描电镜观察菌体自溶中的形态变化,以确定LJJ自溶的最适条件并初步探讨溶菌酶在自溶中的作用。结果表明,处于对数生长期的LJJ菌体最易发生自溶。LJJ自溶度随环境温度(4⁵0℃)的升高,温育时间的延长而相应增大。LJJ自溶的最适温度为50℃,最适pH值范围为6.050℃)的升高,温育时间的延长而相应增大。LJJ自溶的最适温度为50℃,最适pH值范围为6.0⁸.0。0.50 g/L SDS对LJJ自溶和溶菌酶的抑制率分别为99.6%和97.4%。1.00 g/L Triton X-100分别将LJJ的自溶度和溶菌酶活性提升了20.7%和39.5%。扫描电镜观察表明,自溶细胞与正常细胞相比,细胞壁出现孔洞,细胞完整性遭到破坏而0.50 g/L SDS可抑制LJJ细胞的破坏。因此,环境pH、温度、温育时间、SDS浓度、Triton X-100浓度及菌体生长阶段可通过溶菌酶活性的作用显著影响LJJ的自溶,为调控乳酸菌自溶提供了初步理论基础。     

保加利亚乳杆菌的筛选及其发酵乳中的风味物质

以分离自传统发酵乳中的7株保加利亚乳杆菌为试验菌株,测定发酵乳制作和贮藏(12 h)期间pH值、滴定酸度、活菌数、黏度的变化,并结合固相微萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用技术(SPME-GC-MS)检测贮藏12 h时发酵乳中的挥发性风味物质.结果表明,7株保加利亚乳杆菌中,IMAU62115在牛乳中的发酵时间最短(7 h),活...     

保加利亚乳杆菌生长性能与后酸化的关系初探

以5株德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种为出发菌株,详细研究了5株菌的生长代谢、酸敏感性及蛋白水解力,并分析了这些特性与后酸化之间的关系。结果表明:5株菌的生长性能与后酸化之间存在紧密联系。其中,菌株的生长速度和糖分解代谢能力与后酸化成正比;对酸较敏感菌株的后酸化也较弱;菌株的蛋白水解能力与生长速度和后酸化之间没有明显的相关性。     

保加利亚乳杆菌H+-ATPase弱化菌株的诱变选育

以保加利亚乳杆菌ND06(Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus ND06)为出发菌株,利用硫酸新霉素诱变、筛选出一株H+-ArPase 弱化菌株ND06-6.该菌株在MRS培养基中,37℃培养18 h时,H+-ATPase活性为0.65 μmol/(mg· min),和出发菌株相比,H+-ATPase活性下降了35％.在脱脂乳培养基中培养0,4,8,12,16,20,24,36,48和72 h后,诱变菌株ND06-6的乳酸、乳糖和半乳糖的的代谢能力明显低于出发菌株.这些研究结果为弱后酸化酸奶发酵剂的开发和应用提供了理论依据.     

德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种atpA抗原的表达及抗体制备

利用原核表达德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种atpA抗原并进行抗体制备,以便用于Western blot分析.首先利用PCR的方法扩增出atpA蛋白的基因片段,利用大肠杆菌pQE 40原核表达系统表达重组atpA抗原,镍柱亲和层析纯化表达蛋白后,常规免疫两只新西兰长耳白兔.利用ELISA检测兔血清的效价来制备多克隆抗体,然后用Protein A纯化抗体.最后得到的atpA抗体进行Western blot检测验证抗体的特异性.结果表明,两只新西兰长耳白兔的血清效价分别为1∶20000和1∶80000;Western blot检测表明,制备的抗体能够与H+-AT-Pase蛋白进行特异性的结合.本研究成功的在大肠杆菌中表达了德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种的atpA蛋白,并利用其制备了效价较高的多克隆抗体,该抗体可作为一抗用于Western blot分析.     

冷冻和冻干过程对保加利亚乳杆菌存活性影响的研究

研究了预冻过程中冷冻温度、冷冻时间以及升华干燥过程中发酵剂含水量对保加利亚乳杆菌(Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus)L.b-S1细胞存活率的影响.结果表明:-20～-18℃和-40～-35℃冷冻,对细胞存活率无显著影响(P＞0.05);冷冻起始至完全冻结,细胞存活率差异显著(P＜0.05),而冻结后细胞存活率并不随冷冻时间延长而存在显著差异(P＞0.05);干燥过程中,发酵剂含水量对细胞干燥存活率影响显著(P＜0.05),但存活率降低程度因含水量下降水平不同而出现差异,其中以含水量由40%左右至5%左右的过程影响最大,细胞存活率由88.68%降至40.11%,下降约50%左右,差异显著(P＜0.05).本研究为研制开发高效浓缩型直投式酸奶冻干发酵剂,合理调控冻干工艺提供指导依据.     

Improvement of cryopreservation of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CFL1 with additives displaying different protective effects

In order to improve the acidification activity of frozen suspensions of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CFL1, the protective effect of nine additives, in binary and multicomponent solutions, was quantified during freezing and storage at –20°C.The best protective media were those containing sodium ascorbate and betaine or sodium glutamate, greatly improving the acidification activity recovery after freezing (+70%) and frozen storage (+90%) when compared to a control medium. However, the effect of each additive was different before than after freezing or during frozen storage. The presence of an antioxidant in the protective media appeared essential to maintain the acidification activity of L. bulgaricus during the cryoprotection stage and frozen storage. Betaine and sodium glutamate provided the highest resistance to freezing, while leading to the greatest reduction of the cryoscopic point of the medium. Their cryoprotective effect was explained by a decrease in the number of ice crystals formed during freezing and frozen storage.     

嗜热链球菌和德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种共生关系的研究进展

嗜热链球菌和德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种是组成酸奶发酵剂的主要菌种,在长期共处于牛乳环境的过程中形成多种协同共生关系.这些协同共生关系赋予发酵剂菌株产酸快、黏度高、活性物质丰富等优良性能,同时对酸奶品质产生重要影响.该文旨在从营养供给、抵抗环境胁迫及酸奶品质改良等方面讨论两菌的协同共生关系,为提高发酵剂菌株活力及酸奶品质提供...     

Cryotolerance of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CFL1 is influenced by the physiological state during fermentation

To better understand the effects of freezing and frozen storage on different characteristics of the cell state, the influence of the physiological state, as defined by fermentation pH and harvesting time, and the freezing medium on the cryotolerance of Lactobacillus bulgaricus CFL1 was investigated. Esterase activity, membrane integrity, cultivability and acidification activity were quantified during culture with and without pH control, and during freezing and frozen storage at ?20 °C. The preservation of esterase activity and membrane integrity was not related to starter functionalities such as cultivability and acidification activity. Cell cryotolerance increased with fermentation time or when cells were harvested during culture at pH 5 and frozen, as compared with fermentations at pH 6 or without pH control. Long-term cell cryotolerance could be predicted by determining an early physiological parameter such as a low initial acidification activity when the cells are harvested.     

Factors influencing autoaggregation and aggregation of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus isolated from handmade yogurt

Of 26 Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus strains isolated from yogurt, strains B2 and 22, which produce low levels (28 and 21 mg liter(-1), respectively) of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs), and strains B3 and G12, which produce high EPS levels (211 and 175 mg liter(-1), respectively), were selected for further study. The two high EPS-producing strains showed a significant autoaggregation and coaggregation ability with Escherichia coli ATCC 11230 (P < 0.05). Moreover, the effect of bile was evaluated on autoaggregation and hydrophobicity. Autoaggregation and hydrophobicity of these L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus strains decreased after treatment with bile. Only the high EPS-producing L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus strain B3 showed greater autoaggregation (80%) and hydrophobicity (86%) than the other strains after bile treatment. When these strains were assessed for the inhibition of E. coli ATCC 11230 in coculture, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus B3 completely inhibited E. coli during 24 and 48 h of incubation. This investigation showed that a high EPS production and coaggregation ability may be important in the selection of probiotic strains.     

具有优良发酵特性德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种的筛选及其益生特性

本研究对10株实验室保存的德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种产酸能力,产黏能力,产香能力和贮藏期稳定性进行测定,并通过测定乳酸菌对抗生素的耐药性、抑菌能力、β-半乳糖苷酶(β-Gal)活性、α-半乳糖苷酶(α-Gal)活性和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性探究菌株的益生特性.单菌株发酵实验结果表明:菌株KSDB-1凝乳时间短(6.3 h)...     

德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种ND02活的非可培养态诱导和复苏

为有效提高乳酸菌发酵剂菌种在生产和应用过程中的活性,对一株具有优良发酵特性的德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种ND02(保加利亚乳杆菌ND02)进行了活的非可培养(viable but non-culturable,VBNC)态诱导和复苏的初步研究。将活化的保加利亚乳杆菌ND02在不同复合条件下进行诱导,同时采用平板计数法和荧光显微镜两种计数方法对其进行检测,将诱导成功的样本通过改变温度及改变培养基成分进行复苏实验。结果表明:保加利亚乳杆菌ND02在液体MRS中4℃诱导190 d便可以进入VBNC态,并发现10%脱脂乳+0.1%酵母粉是有效的复苏方法。为保加利亚乳杆菌ND02在应用过程中避免VBNC态的产生及活性的提高提供一定的参考依据。