电解液温度对铝阳极合金电化学性能的影响

铝基阳极合金是一种有发展前途的电池用阳极材料,采用开路电位、极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱和恒电流放电曲线等测试方法,研究了电解液温度对铝阳极合金在4mol·L-1 NaOH溶液中电化学性能的影响。结果表明,随着电解液温度的升高,铝阳极合金的活化性能增强,其开路电位和工作电位明显负移,但合金的自腐蚀析氢速率增大。当温度为40℃时,合金表现出较好的综合性能和均匀的腐蚀形貌。     

氢对纯镍及690合金在弱碱性溶液中电化学行为的影响

采用电化学方法研究了预充氢对690合金在25,50,70℃下弱碱性溶液中电化学行为的影响。结果表明,预充氢使得690合金在碳酸氢钠溶液中的自腐蚀电位负移、电化学阻抗降低,尽管不影响阳极极化曲线的形状,但增大了阳极极化曲线中一次过钝化电位之前的阳极电流密度。此外,预充氢使镍在碳酸氢钠溶液中的阳极极化曲线出现新的阳极电流峰,增大了阳极极化曲线中过钝化电位之前的电流密度,并降低了电化学阻抗。氢对金属或合金电化学行为的作用与电极反应类型、速率控制步骤以及表面膜的稳定性有关。     

阳极极化状态下铁电极的交流阻抗

研究了铁电极在中性Na_2SO_4溶液中恒电位阳极极化下。和在不同pH的H_2SO_4/Na_2SO_4溶液中腐蚀电位下的交流阻抗特性。当pH>3.5时,铁电极的界面电容急剧增大至10~3μF/cm~2数量级。而铁电极在中性Na_2SO_4溶液中的界面电容为铁电极上覆盖的Fe(OH)2的电容。通过恒电位阳极极化状态铁电极的高频和低频部份的阻抗特性分析,建立了阳极极化状态铁电极的等效电路。用交流阻抗计算了极化电流密度,其值与同样条件下测得的稳态电流密度相等,说明阳极极化状态下交流阻抗测定的适用性。     

金在硫酸介质中的钝化行为（英文）

采用不同电化学测试技术研究纯金和铂电极在硫酸溶液中的阳极行为。循环动电位法研究表明,金电极极化时会出现2个氧化峰和1个还原峰,而铂电极只有1个析氧反应峰出现。将硫酸浓度从0.5 mol/L增加到1mol/L时,金电极的峰电流密度增加2倍。动电位法研究表明,增加搅拌速度会提高金的钝化区域,而对铂电极无影响。2 h的恒电位法研究表明,在1mol/L硫酸溶液中,在3个不同的阳极电位极化下,1.4 V时金电极的腐蚀速率最低。电化学噪音技术测试研究表明,在16 h的电位衰退中,在恒电位极化时所形成的钝化膜已经溶解。     

HCO_3~-对J55钢在1%NaCl溶液中腐蚀行为的影响

用动电位极化曲线、扫描电镜(SEM)和电化学阻抗谱技术(EIS)研究了HCO3-对J55钢在1%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明,HCO3-浓度越大阳极反应速率越小.当HCO3-浓度高于0.060 mol/L时HCO3-呈现出钝化特征.随着NaCl溶液中HCO3-量的增加,Rt增大,腐蚀速度减小.J55钢在含NaHCO3为374 mg/L的溶液中腐蚀的电化学阻抗谱中出现了感抗,在含NaHCO3为30 g/L的溶液中腐蚀的的电化学阻抗谱出现了Warburg阻抗,在含NaHCO3为1、5和8.4g/L的溶液中腐蚀的电化学阻抗谱仅出现单容抗弧特征.随着HCO3-浓度的增大阴极反应速率越来越大.极化电位为-0.9 V附近,随着极化电位的增大极化电流出现了突增.     

不同温度下X80钢在高pH土壤模拟溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为

采用动电位极化、金相显微镜及电化学阻抗谱等方法研究了X80钢在不同温度(25℃,45℃和65℃)的高pH土壤模拟溶液(0.5mol.L-1 Na2CO3+1.0mol.L-1 NaHCO3)中的腐蚀电化学行为。动电位极化及金相显微镜结果表明,随着温度的升高,X80钢腐蚀速率增加,钝化膜耐蚀性降低,且65℃时最为严重;不同温度下钝化膜的电化学阻抗谱均呈现高、中频段容抗弧和低频段Warburg阻抗特征,随着温度的升高,X80钢表面钝化膜致密性逐渐变差,对基体的保护作用逐渐降低。     

柠檬酸钠对Ni-Sn-Mo合金电沉积机理及析氢行为的影响

目的 在酸性柠檬酸钠体系中,研究了柠檬酸钠对Ni-Sn-Mo合金电沉积机理的影响,明确最大电极反应速率和析氢性能最好的合金镀层对应的柠檬酸钠浓度。方法 采用循环伏安法、电化学阻抗谱、计时电流法和阴极极化曲线,对不同柠檬酸钠浓度下Ni-Sn-Mo合金电沉积行为及析氢性能进行研究,采用扫描电镜对Ni-Sn-Mo合金的表面形貌进行表征,并用能谱仪检测合金的成分。结果 由循环伏安曲线得出Ni-Sn-Mo合金的电沉积是一个不可逆过程,当柠檬酸钠浓度为0.2 mol/L时,合金共沉积还原峰的电位最正（-0.96 V(vs. Ag/Ag+)）。由电化学阻抗谱可知,当柠檬酸钠浓度为0.1 mol/L时,在低频端出现扩散特征;当柠檬酸钠浓度为0.2~0.4 mol/L时,反应不受扩散影响;当柠檬酸钠浓度为0.2 mol/L时,极化电阻（Rp）达到最小值（11 718.1 Ω?cm2）,电极反应最容易发生。由计时电流曲线可知,随着柠檬酸钠浓度的增大,Ni-Sn-Mo合金晶核形成始终遵循连续成核规律。由SEM和EDS分析表明,随着柠檬酸钠浓度增大,Ni-Sn-Mo合金的晶粒尺寸先减小后增大;随着合金中Sn含量增加,合金的晶粒由胞状转变为不规则形状。由阴极极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱可知,当柠檬酸钠浓度为0.1 mol/L时,析氢电位（-1.05 V）最正,电荷转移电阻（4.906 Ω?cm2）最小,析氢性能最好,从能量因素和几何因素上都改善了合金的析氢性能。结论 当柠檬酸钠浓度为0.2 mol/L时,还原峰电位最正,电极反应最容易发生。在Ni-Mo合金镀层中添加Sn,增加了镀层的比表面积,并且提高了电子传输速率,有利于析氢性能的提高。     

塑变拉应力下304不锈钢在稀硫酸中的腐蚀电化学行为

运用加载U型弯曲试样研究了塑变拉应力下304不锈钢稀硫酸体系的腐蚀电化学行为。研究了304不锈钢U型弯曲试样拉伸面在0.5mol·L-1 H2SO4溶液中不同应变量下的极化曲线以及阻抗谱的变化规律,同时研究了U型弯曲试样拉伸面在0.5mol·L-1 H2SO4+0.2mol·L-1 KCl溶液中不同应变量下的点蚀保护电位Ep随应变量的变化规律。电化学测试结果表明,U型弯曲试样应变量不同,阻抗谱曲线不同;应变量愈大,阻抗极化电阻Rp愈小,腐蚀速率升高;ΔE=Eb-Ep的大小随着应变量的增加而增大,说明塑性应变愈大,拉伸面钝化膜修复能力愈差,愈易遭受点蚀。     

316L不锈钢在回用污水培养微生物介质中的腐蚀行为

采用电化学方法研究了316L不锈钢材料在经三级处理以后的回用污水培养的微生物介质中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,不锈钢电极在回用污水接种的培养基介质中的自腐蚀电位较纯培养基介质中明显负移,阳极极化电流大于纯培养基介质中不锈钢电极的阳极极化电流,含菌培养基中不锈钢的电化学阻抗值小于相应的无菌培养基中的电化学阻抗值,这表明回用污水中的微生物对不锈钢材料的腐蚀起到促进作用。     

Monel(400)合金在NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为

采用动电位极化扫描法、交流阻抗法对Monel(400)合金在不同浓度NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为进行研究,结合SEM图对合金表面形貌进行分析。结果表明,合金在低浓度时腐蚀电流小,腐蚀速度慢;在高浓度时,电极电位负移,腐蚀电流增大,腐蚀速度加快。在交流阻抗谱中,高频区为电荷传递控制,低频区为扩散控制,出现了明显的Warburg阻抗效应。当NaCl溶液浓度增大时,极化电阻减小,故腐蚀行为增强。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.