对甲苯磺酸催化合成丁酸异戊酯的工艺研究

以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,正丁酸与异戊醇为原料合成了丁酸异戊酯,讨论了醇酸物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间、带水剂等因素对酯化率的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件为：以0．2mol正丁酸为基准,醇酸物质的量比为1．5：1,催化剂用量为0．5g,反应时间为2h,带水剂环己烷为7．5mL,丁酸异戊酯的酯化率为95．8％。该催化剂具有催化活性高,使用量少,酯化率高,与目前工业中使用的硫酸相比,环境污染小,对设备几乎无腐蚀等优点,且对甲苯磺酸价格低廉易得,性质稳定,使用方便,是一种很有发展前景的催化剂。     

对甲苯磺酸催化合成异丁叉二脲

对用对甲苯磺酸作催化剂湿法合成异丁叉二脲的反应进行了研究，通过实验，确定了其最佳工艺条件，异丁醛与尿素的用量比为1：2．8（摩尔比），催化剂对甲苯磺酸的用量为1％（对异丁醛的物质的量），反应介质水的用量为6：1（与尿素质量比），反应温度为35℃，反应时间为0．5h，产品产率可达96．5％。     

单质碘催化合成丁酸正戊酯

首次以单质碘为多相催化剂，通过正丁酸和正戊醇反应合成了丁酸正戊酯，并探讨了诸因素对产品收率的影响。实验表明：单质碘具有良好的催化活性，醇酸物质的量比为1．9：1．0，催化剂用量为反应物料总量的3．0％，反应时间为75min，反应温度为125～135℃，酯收率可达98．7％。     

对甲苯磺酸锕催化合成丙酸乙酯

研究了对甲苯磺酸铜催化丙酸与乙醇的酯化反应，考察了醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间对酯化率的影响。实验结果表明，其较优条件为：丙酸0.1mol，醇酸摩尔比1．5：1，催化剂用量1．8％（mol％）（基于丙酸的摩尔百分数），回流温度下反应2．0h，在此条件下酯化率可达93．6％。反应结束后对甲苯磺酸铜经过简单的相分离就可重复使用，无需再生，兼有均相和多相催化剂的优点。     

苯磺酸铜催化合成丁酸异戊酯

以苯磺酸铜作催化剂，环己烷作共沸带水剂，由正丁酸和异戊醇制备丁酸异戊酯。着重讨论了该反应的各种影响因素，找出了较佳的反应条件：丁酸0．167mol，n(醇)：n(酸)=1．1：1，催化剂用量为1．0％(以丁酸的摩尔分数计)，反应2．5h，85℃～90℃，环己烷5mL，酯化率可达98．0％。催化剂重复使用了8次，没有出现明显失活现象，酯化率仍达90．2％。     

硫酸镓改性离子交换树脂催化合成丁酸异戊酯

以硫酸镓与阳离子交换树脂反应制备的改性离子交换树脂为催化剂,正丁酸和异戊醇为原料合成了丁酸异戊酯。考察了催化剂用量、醇酸物质的量比、反应时间、带水剂种类及催化剂重复使用次数等因素对酯收率的影响。结果表明该催化剂与反应体系形成非均相物系,具有易分离回收,催化活性高,反应时间短,出水速率快,合成工艺流程简单,操作方便,不易腐蚀设备,废液排放量少,不需加带水剂即可获得较为理想的收率等优势。适宜反应条件为：正丁酸0．1mol,醇酸物质的量比1．4,催化剂1．0g,反应时间40min,酯收率达91．0％。     

柠檬酸三丁酯的合成研究

以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,柠檬酸、正丁醇为原料酯化合成柠檬酸三丁酯,探讨了催化剂用量、反应温度、柠檬酸与正丁醇物质的量比和反应时间等因素对反应的影响。确定最佳反应条件为：反应时间4．0h,反应温度140℃,正丁醇与柠檬酸物质的量比5：1,催化剂的用量为柠檬酸的2％。反应初产物经先中和碱洗后,再减压脱醇,产品外观色泽符合质量要求。此条件下,柠檬酸三丁酯酯化率为98．9％。     

聚氧乙烯丁酸酯的合成研究

采用聚氧乙烯醚，通过酯化反应合成高沸点、化学性质稳定的分散剂。实验选用聚氧乙烯醚和丁酸，系统地研究了不同的物质的量的比例、温度、催化剂含量和反应时间对酯化反应的影响。研究表明：当醇与酸物质的量的比为1：1．2，反应温度为120℃，催化剂含量为聚氧乙烯醚质量的0．1％，反应时间为5h，得到的酯化率为85％。     

对甲苯磺酸催化合成丁酸环己酯

研究了丁酸和环己醇在对甲苯磺酸催化下的反应。考查了催化剂用量、反应时间、醇酸物质的量比及带水剂用量对丁酸酯化率的影响。结果表明 :当丁酸为 0 .2mol、环己醇为 0 .34mol、催化剂对甲苯磺酸为 1.0g、反应时间为 2h、二甲苯带水剂为 5 0mL时 ,丁酸环己酯的收率 92 .6 %以上。通过元素分析、红外光谱分析、核磁氢谱对产品进行了结构表征。     

对甲苯磺酸铜催化合成邻苯二甲酸二丁酯

以对甲苯磺酸铜作为合成邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的催化剂，考察醇酸物质的量比、催化剂用量和反应时间对酯化率的影响。实验结果表明，其较优条件为邻苯二甲酸酐0.05 mol，醇酸物质的量比=2.0∶1,催化剂用量为原料邻苯二甲酸酐物质的量的1.5%，回流温度下反应2.5 h，在此条件下酯化率可达98.5%。反应后对甲苯磺酸铜经过简单的相分离就可重复使用，无需再生，兼有均相和多相催化剂的优点。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.