无腺体棉籽的总棉酚含量

这篇文章报导了无腺体棉仁中总棉酚(TG)的存在。用显微镜对完全缺乏腺体的非常薄的仁进行检查,并由一种修改的法定AOCS方法进行分析,该方法能测出低于1×10~(-6)的TG。由于该分析方法可靠,5种无腺体仁含量远低于1×10~(-0)TG~9其它9种平均为2～7×10~(-6)的TG,仅一个样品超过10×10~(-6)。如果严格排除腺体棉籽,所有样品符合国际棉籽产品协会AAA棉籽等级(即不超过10×10~(-6)的TG)的标准。     

牛奶中青霉素含量的快速检测

在1 ml待检牛奶中加入3滴Benedict试剂,煮沸5 min.根据试样中颜色变化,判断牛奶中青霉素含量.青霉素含量为(80～100)×10-6显红色,(50～70)×10-6显红黄色,(30～40)×10-6显橘黄色,(10～20)×10-6显浅橘黄色,(5～9)×10-6显正黄色,(0～4)×10-6显黄色.     

配合饲料防霉保鲜技术的研究

克霉灵、抗霉丁、SDA3种防霉剂,分别以1×10~(-3)和1.5×10~(-3)(克霉灵)、0.8×10~(-3)和1×10~(-3)(抗霉丁)、1×10~(-3)、1.5×10~(-3)和2×10~(-3)(SDA)的剂量添加到配合饲料中.在6～9月份的高温季节进行为期105天的储藏试验,结果表明,1×10~(-3)抗霉丁防霉效果最好,颗粒料比粉状料难于保存.     

流动注射-化学发光法测定双氧水的分解率

在铁氰化钾-亚铁氰化钾存在的氢氧化钠碱性介质中,双氧水可氧化鲁米诺产生化学发光,结合流动注射技术,建立了一种测定双氧水漂白过程中双氧水分解率的新方法.该方法测定双氧水的检出限为1.75×10~(-5)mol/L,线性范围为2.1×10~(-5)～1.7×10~(-2)mol/L.相对标准偏差为2.9％(5.8×10~(-3)mol/L,n=11).     

毛细管电泳-电化学检测测定荞麦中表儿茶素、芦丁、槲皮素的含量

用毛细管电泳-电化学检测的方法研究了荞麦中黄酮类物质:表儿茶素、芦丁、槲皮素的含量,研究了电极电位、缓冲液的pH值、分离电压及进样时间对电泳的影响,得到优化的测定条件。以直径为300μm的碳圆盘电极为检测电极,工作电极电位为0.95V(vs.SCE),在50mmol/L硼砂(pH8.5)运行缓冲液中,上述3组分在12min内完全分离。表儿茶素、芦丁、槲皮素线性范围分别为5×10-7￣1×10-4g/mL、1×10-6￣1×10-4g/mL、1×10-6￣1×10-4g/mL;检出限分别为1.83×10-7g/mL、2.9×10-8g/mL、1.00×10-7g/mL;3种标样7次平行进样的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于2.5%;回收率表儿茶素100.4%、芦丁98.1%、槲皮素100.1%(n=3)。该法灵敏可靠,结果令人满意。     

酸性火山岩的初始金含量与岩浆体系中金行为的关系

许多新鲜酸性火山岩的初始金含量明显比以前认识到的低。在经过仔细挑选的129件玻璃质酸性火山岩分析样品中,113件的金含量<1.0×10~(-8),很多仅为≤(0.1～0.3)×10~(-8)。非过碱性流纹岩的金含量为<(0.1～0.7)×10~(-8),平均为0.22×10~(-8);其中高度演化、高硅亚碱性和过铝质的流纹岩金含量最低。过碱性流纹岩的金含量平均约为1×10~(-8),表明低氧逸度、低聚合的熔体更容易容纳金。23件偏酸性的中性岩金含量平均为0.50×10~(-8),拉斑玄武安山岩(冰岛岩)通常高于钙-碱性岩石。没有证据表明富金地质区域原有的金含量比其它地区高。总成分、熔体结构及蒸气、矿物、硫化物和(或)金属熔体相的分离量和时间似乎很大程度上决定了酸性岩浆中的金含量。金通过蒸气、结晶相和不混溶熔体相的分离从岩浆中迁移的种种迹象表明,新鲜火山岩仅提供最低限度的岩浆浓度。大多数情况下,岩浆的金含量将高得多。某些斑岩矿床高的金含量(0.3～>1.0)×10~(-6),这表明存在含金浓度比(1～2)×10~(-8)的玄武岩高得多的酸性岩浆。     

流动注射化学发光法测定谷氨酸的研究

在碱性条件下,NBS氧化谷氨酸产生强烈的化学发光信号,结合流动注射技术,建立了测定味精中谷氨酸含量的流动注射化学发光分析法。实验研究了影响化学发光信号强度的各种因素,方法的测定线性范围为3.0×10-6～1.0×10-3g/mL,检出限(3σ)为1×10-6g/mL。对1.0×10-5g/mL的谷氨酸进行11次平行测定,相对标准偏差为3.1%。将该法用于味精产品中谷氨酸的含量分析,结果令人满意。     

食品中痕量碘的发光分析

研究了高锰酸钾-I-甲醛体系化学发光,从而建立了一种测定微量碘的新方法。讨论了各种反应物浓度、酸度、干扰离子等因素对测定结果的影响。I-浓度在1.0×10-6～4.0×10-5g/ml范围内与化学发光强度有较好的线性关系,对1.0×10-5g/ml的I进行了11次平行测定,相对标准偏差为2.8%,方法的检出限为2.4×10-8g/ml。结果令人满意。     

食品防腐剂丙酸钙中微量元素铬的测定

测定用鸡蛋壳制作的食品防腐剂———丙酸钙中痕量铬并对其可信度进行证明。采用化学发光法和石墨炉原子吸收法进行测定并比较其结果。两种方法均可达到快速、简便、干扰小、重现性好,均可达到生产中检测的要求。化学发光法的最低检出限为1.5×10-12g/ml,Cr3+在1×10-10～1×10-6g/ml浓度范围内与发光强度呈较好的线性关系。采用石墨炉原子吸收体系检测,最低检出限为1×10-12g/ml,标准曲线范围为0～1×10-6g/ml。     

KMnO4-I--H2CO体系化学发光法测定食品中的微量碘

研究了KMnO4-I--H2CO体系化学发光,从而建立了一种测定食品中微量碘的新方法。讨论了各种反应物浓度、酸度、干扰离子等因素对测定结果的影响。I-浓度在1.0×10-6～4.0×10-5g/ml范围内与化学发光强度有较好的线性关系。对1.0×10-5g/ml的I-进行了11次平行测定,相对标准偏差为2.8%,方法的检出限为2.4×10-8g/ml,结果令人满意。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the