高效生物强化技术在治理炼油碱渣废水中的应用

介绍了一种处理炼油高浓度碱渣废水与废气的高效生物强化技术的原理、处理方法及其应用范围.采用高效生物强化技术对齐鲁分公司胜利炼油厂高浓度碱渣废水与废气进行处理.处理前碱渣废水的CODCr的质量浓度在200～300g/L,处理后低于1 000mg/L,CODCr去除率为99%左右.出水水质满足综合污水处理厂的进水要求.     

QBR、QBF高效生化处理技术在碱渣处理装置中的应用及改进

介绍了延安石油化工厂配套建设5000吨/年碱渣处理装置的生化处理单元中引进的韩国SK集团研发的具有世界先进水平的高浓度废水生物处理技术QBR和QBF技术的原理、处理方法及其应用范围。结合该技术对工艺技术及控制指标进行了改造和修订,使延长集团炼油厂高浓度碱渣废水与废气得到了有效地处理。解决了困扰延长石油集团多年的碱渣废水处理的老大难问题,为延安的碧水蓝天工程做出了贡献。     

炼油污水分质处理工艺技术应用

针对某炼油企业碱渣污水和高浓度污水回用处理难度大、技术不成熟的现状,通过污水分质处理,高浓度污水采用催化氧化-生物滤池(BAF)工艺处理后达标排放,低浓度污水经适度处理达标后回用于循环冷却水系统作为补充水。污水回用率近75%,减少了外排污水量,实现了炼油企业节水减排的目标。     

高效生物氧化法预处理高浓度炼油污水

针对炼油装置生产过程中产生的碱渣类高浓度污水对现有二级污水厂造成的冲击问题,本着分水分治的原则,将此少量的高浓度污水进行预处理后再进入原有污水厂进行处理。采用生物氧化法结合高效耐盐菌种和生物强化模块等措施对高浓度污水进行预处理,工程运行结果表明,经过预处理后的高浓度污水水质达到现有污水厂的进水水质要求,保证了污水厂处理装置的稳定运行。     

天津石化碧水蓝天项目获增值效益

正在外排水水质保持优于天津市地方标准的基础上,天津石化"碧水蓝天"工程——"高含盐改造项目"获得了增值效益,仅碱渣废水排污费省也450万元。据介绍,碱渣废水是炼化企业生产过程中产生的最终废弃物之一,不仅含有大量的污染物,而且COD含量高,很难用活性污泥法对其进行生化处理,因此对高盐、高浓度、难降解的碱渣废水处理始终是石化行业的高难课题。2014年,天津石化开始对水务部水净化一车间高含盐碱渣处理装置进行改造,2015年11月,水净化一车间新高含盐碱渣处理系统投用,原设计仅处理炼油碱渣,实     

羟基自由基活性氧在高浓度有机废水处理中的应用

现场制备羟基自由基活性氧药剂处理聚酯废水、炼油碱渣废水、垃圾渗滤液等高浓度有机废水,得到了较好的处理结果。通过对模拟苯酚废水和硝基酚废水处理的研究,为从理论上找到处理不同类型的高浓度有机废水的方法做了初步的探讨,这对处理高浓度有机废水具有重要理论意义和实用价值。     

LTBR碱渣废水处理工艺的改进与完善

在运用LTBR工艺处理石化行业碱渣废水的过程中,由于碱渣废水的特性和LTBR工艺的特点,生物反应器运行温度常常达到40℃以上,严重影响了碱渣废水处理装置的平稳运行。为了解决这一瓶颈问题,对LTBR工艺进行了改进,成功地消除了反应器大幅温升带来的影响,使处理装置的运行更加平稳、高效,并为LTBR工艺在其他高浓度废水处理领域的推广创造了必要条件。     

石脑油脱水试验及消减碱渣的研究

分析石脑油脱臭过程中碱液失效的原因,设计开发出了石脑油脱水器,可有效地脱除石脑油中的水分,从而可以降低碱渣排放,达到节能减排的作用。     

废碱渣氧化处理装置的改进

在原工艺的基础上,根据已建成装置存在的管线堵塞、脱臭效果不良、设备管线腐蚀严重等问题,对新建装置的设计及操作进行了合理优化.主要包括:反应器与洗涤塔相邻布置,压控阀后配管优化,操作温度优化(降为180℃),提高氧化空气进量(为原设计值的1.2～1.3倍),提高碱渣pH值等.装置投用后,碱渣硫化物脱除率达到99.9%以上,达到了预期效果.     

碱渣处理工艺应用

碱渣是油品精制后产生的一种混合物,具有恶臭气味,对人和环境极为有害,是一种危险固体废物。通过加酸中和反应和BAF池处理后,再进入污水处理系统,实现达标排放,实现碱渣无害化处理,使碱渣排放符合环保要求。     

影响红薯羧甲基淀粉渣黏度因素的研究

以甲醇为溶剂 ,红薯淀粉渣 (C6 H9O4OH)和氯乙酸为原料 ,在碱性条件下合成红薯羧甲基淀粉渣 (CMSD)。通过正交实验得到了影响红薯羧甲基淀粉渣黏度的 5种主要因素的大小顺序 :氢氧化钠用量 >反应温度 >反应时间 >氯乙酸用量 >甲醇用量。结果表明 ,获得高黏度产品的最佳反应条件为 :n(C6 H9O4OH)∶n(NaOH)∶n(ClCH2 COOH)∶n(CH3OH) =1∶2∶1∶16,反应温度 4 5℃ ,反应时间 2h。在此条件下合成的红薯羧甲基淀粉渣 (CMSD)黏度可达 892mPa·s,反应效率为 78 6% ,甲醇回收率为 84 %     

Low temperature deodorizations of fish oils with volatile acidic and basic steam sources

Menhaden, cod liver and siscowet lake trout oils were vacuum steam deodorized at 100°C to 210°C using volatile acid (acetic and hydrochloric) and base (ammonium hydroxide) solutions (0.005N–0.25N) as steam sources. Volatiles in oils were analyzed by Tenax GC headspace analysis, and flavor and odor quality was evaluated. Deodorization of oils at 100°C with acidic solutions yielded oils that lacked the burnt/fishy flavors compared to similar oils that were deodorized with either water or alkaline solutions. Acid catalyzed hydrations of fishy aldehydes by deodorizing acids and flavor masking byt,c-2,6-nonadienal appeared to cause the suppression of fishy flavors in fish oils deodorized by acid solutions. Oils deodorized at 210°C exhibited less intense fishy flavors, and lower concentrations of fishy aldehydes,t,t,c-2,4,7-decatrienal,t,c,c,-2,4,7-decatrienal, andc-4-heptenal.     

豆渣苯酚液化物合成热固性酚醛树脂的研究

为了提高大豆豆渣的附加值,利用豆渣苯酚液化物与甲醛在碱性环境中进行反应,制取热固性酚醛树脂(PF)。考察了n(甲醛)/n(液化物)[即n(F)/n(L)]比值、n(氢氧化钠)/n(液化物)[即n(NaOH)/n(L)]比值、树脂化温度和树脂化时间对PF理化性能的影响;通过正交实验法,确定了树脂化合成的最佳工艺。研究结果表明,最佳树脂化合成的工艺条件为:n(F)/n(L)=1.8,n(NaOH)/n(L)=0.5,树脂化温度为72.5℃,树脂化时间为3h;将最佳工艺条件下制取的PF用于胶合板的压制,则所得胶合板的胶合强度符合GB/T9846-2004中Ⅱ类胶合板的标准要求。     

重庆市珞璜污泥热干化工程案例

重庆市珞璜污泥热干化工程一期规模为600 t/d(含水率为80%),干化厂厂址位于重庆华能珞璜电厂厂区内。污泥处置工艺采用半干化+热电厂掺烧,干燥机设备选用圆盘式干化设备,污泥干化程度由含水率80%降至含水率30%左右。干污泥送至热电厂按照一定比例与煤掺烧,干化需要的热源采用电厂提供的蒸汽。污泥干化过程中产生的高温高浓度臭气由引风机送至热电厂锅炉焚烧除臭,低温低浓度臭气采用生物滤池除臭;污泥干化过程中产生的冷凝废水经预处理后送至珞璜工业园区污水处理厂,处理后达标排放。本工程实现了污泥处理处置的稳定化、无害化和资源化。     

Deacidification of high-acid rice bran oil by reesterification with monoglyceride

Autocatalytic esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) in rice bran oil (RBO) containing high FFA (9.5 to 35.0% w/w) was examined at a high temperature (210°C) and under low pressure (10 mm Hg). The study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of monoglyceride in esterifying the FFA of RBO. The study showed that monoglycerides can reduce the FFA level of degummed, dewaxed, and bleached RBO to an acceptable level (0.5±0.10 to 3.5±0.19% w/w) depending on the FFA content of the crude oil. This allows RBO to be alkali refined, bleached, and deodorized or simply deodorized after monoglyceride treatment to obtain a good quality oil. The color of the refined oil is dependent upon the color of the crude oil used.     

PTA残渣的超临界水氧化处理与资源化利用

介绍了精对苯二甲酸(PTA)残渣的国内外处理情况,提出了利用超临界水氧化技术对PTA残渣进行无害化处理,同时可以回收利用超临界水氧化处理PTA残渣过程中放出的热能,实现PTA残渣的资源化利用,并分析了超临界水氧化技术存在的腐蚀和盐沉积问题。     

水热处理抗生素菌渣制备固体生物燃料

以生物超胶体形式存在的抗生素菌渣既是一种危害严重的环境污染物又是一种生物质资源,但因高含水且难以机械脱除而制约其处理和高效利用。借助水热技术,抗生素菌渣的沉淀、脱水及干燥性能得以显著改善,获得的固体生物燃料固含率和热值随水热处理温度和历时的增加而增大,但过于苛刻的水热条件易生成焦油甚至发生碳化。在优化的水热条件200℃、30～60 min下,固体生物燃料固含率52%～55%(质量分数,下同)、热值约14 MJ·kg^-1,固体回收率65%～75%。通过部分转化非凯氏有机氮(NKON)为凯氏有机氮(KON)并最终主要以氨氮(NH₄⁺-N)形式进入液相的迁移途径,菌渣中45%以上的氮在水热处理过程中被脱除。经水热无害化处理的抗生素菌渣液体产物的COD高于20×10⁴ mg·L^-1,具备良好的生物气生产潜力。水热技术被证实是针对包括抗生素菌渣在内的生物发酵制药过程残渣无害化处理和资源化利用预处理的有效技术。     

洗毛废水深度治理研究

提出了用烟尘和铝渣作为处理剂对洗毛废水进行深度治理的新方法，给出了最佳处理条件，并对处理机进行了分析。吸附作用和腐蚀电池还原脱色作用是该法处理速度快，效率高的主要原因。     

Volatile compounds produced during deodorization of soybean oil and their flavor significance

Freshly deodorized soybean oil has a characteristic nutty flavor but often yields no detectable headspace volatiles. The cause of this flavor was investigated by deodorizing soybean oil in an apparatus with a double cold trap that allowed the volatile compounds formed from the initial decomposition of hydroperoxides to be collected separately from those produced during the normal deodorization process. The chief volatile components from the normal deodorization process were hydrocarbons, which contributed little to no odor to the oil. The compounds with the greatest odor were carbonyls, especially heptanal and cis-4-heptenal. Although these components should accumulate at some steady-state concentration in an oil during its deodorization, none seemed to account for the flavor of the deodorized oil. By using a particle detector, it was shown that small particles could be generated in the human mouth that could provide a mechanism to bring oil with nonvolatile flavor components into contact with the olfactory organ. Attempts to separate possible nonvolatile flavors in deodorized oil from triacylglycerides by chromatography on alumina or reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine were unsuccessful. Possibly, the flavor is caused by the glycerol esters themselves.     

Volatile compounds produced during deodorization of soybean oil and their flavor significance

Freshly deodorized soybean oil has a characteristic nutty flavor but often yields no detectable headspace volatiles. The cause of this flavor was investigated by deodorizing soybean oil in an apparatus with a double cold trap that allowed the volatile compounds formed from the initial decomposition of hydroperoxides to be collected separately from those produced during the normal deodorization process. The chief volatile components from the normal deodorization process were hydrocarbons, which contributed little to no odor to the oil. The compounds with the greatest odor were carbonyls, especially heptanal and cis-4-heptenal. Although these comonpents should accumulate at some steady-state concentration in an oil during its deodorization, none seemed to account for the flavor of the deodorized oil. By using a particle detector, it was shown that small particles could be generated in the human mouth that could provide a mechanism to bring oil with nonvolatile flavor components into contact with the olfactory organ. Attempts to separate possible nonvolatile flavors in deodorized oil from triacylglycerides by chromatography on alumina or reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine were unsuccessful. Possibly, the flavor is caused by the glycerol esters themselves.