草甘膦母液减量方法研究

在10%草甘膦水剂停止生产后,草甘膦母液的处理问题成为了制约草甘膦生产的关键性因素,处理不当最终会导致生产停滞。探寻草甘膦生产过程中减少母液量的方法,从而降低草甘膦母液处理成本,使草甘膦生产中的母液产出和处理达到平衡。     

草甘膦母液膜处理技术研究的探讨

阐述了草甘膦母液中的主要杂质成分及杂质的量平衡,并结合当前膜法母液处理工艺流程,剖析了该工艺存在的突出问题和必须突破的技术难点,探讨了草甘膦母液处理的研究方向.     

草甘膦废水处理

草甘膦生产母液含大量甲醛和CODCr,难处理排放。本文主要讨论了纳滤浓缩回收母液中大部分的草甘膦,然后以生石灰处理纳滤透过液、浓缩液的草甘膦母液处理方法。采用(纳滤回收草甘膦+生石灰)处理废液的工艺可以得到较好的处理效果和草甘膦回收率。     

1158号公告对草甘膦水剂生产的影响及对策

分析了农业部、工业和信息化部第1158号公告对草甘膦生产企业的影响,介绍了草甘膦母液处理利用的技术,为草甘膦企业提供参考。     

草甘膦原粉母液处理的探讨

用过氧化氢氧化还原双甘膦制备草甘膦后,提取草甘膦原粉,对剩余草甘膦母液的处理条件进行摸索,进而提高草甘膦的生产收率,增加草甘膦母液的利用途径。     

草甘膦专利信息

膜技术分离提浓草甘膦母液中草甘膦的方法 本发明公开了一种膜技术分离提浓草甘膦母液中草甘膦的方法,它是先对母液进行过滤处理,除去其中的固体成分,再根据母液中需要分离提浓的草甘膦等组分的分子结构、分子质量、微粒大小和电荷性,从大到小,选择合适的超滤膜、纳滤膜和反渗透膜进行逐级分离,及至提浓有效成分草甘膦.     

草甘膦母液湿式催化氧化处理技术

介绍了草甘膦母液的主要化学成分,分析了湿式催化氧化母液处理技术的难点(催化剂的研发,设备及管道堵塞,设备腐蚀,氯化钠的出路),提出了解决方案。     

草甘膦制造时母液产排节点及治理技术研究

采用甘氨酸法制备草甘膦时会产生大量的母液,这些母液中含有多种难降解的有机物、盐、总磷、COD等,由于母液在处理过程中产生废盐的危险物属性缺失,导致对其管理极为混乱,对母液的综合利用和排放都存在着较大的风险。因此对草甘膦生产过程中的母液产排节点进行了分析,综合建议从生产工艺上进行优化,减少母液排放,并对母液进行综合利用处理,从而减少草甘膦生产过程中的污染。     

草甘膦母液深度处理新工艺获鉴定

<正>日前由浙江悦瑞环保工程有限公司等单位研发的"草甘膦母液催化湿式氧化深度处理新工艺"在北京通过中国石油和化学工业联合会组织的成果鉴定。该新工艺对草甘膦母液经过催化湿式氧化低温结晶分离滤液膜浓缩MVR浓缩蒸发等将母液转化为无机磷、氨氮、二氧化碳和水并回收磷酸盐、氯化钠、硫酸铵等实现草甘膦母液深度处理和资源化在催化剂研     

草甘膦废水电氧化降解工艺初探

以草甘膦高盐废水专用DSA电极为阳极,采用电化学氧化法对草甘膦生产过程中产生的高盐废母液和废母液蒸发产生的废盐配制的饱和盐水分别进行电解处理,研究了电流密度对降解结果的影响.结果表明:对于草甘膦高盐废母液,当电流密度为2000 mA·cm-2时,COD降解率大于97％,氨氮降解率大于93％;对于废母液蒸发产生的废盐配制...     

液滴撞击微结构疏水表面的动态特性

对去离子水滴撞击不同几何尺寸显微结构方柱和方孔状疏水表面的动态特性进行了研究。结果表明：当液滴以不同速度撞击微方柱疏水表面时,液滴展现铺展和回缩过程,且随着韦伯数（We数）增大,最大铺展直径增大,并伴随卫星液滴出现,但到达最大铺展直径的时间一致;而当液滴以相同的速度（We数相同）撞击间距不同的微方柱疏水表面时,液滴的最大铺展直径随着间距的增大而减小,且铺展过程会液滴浸润状态变得不稳定,发生由Cassie向Wenzel状态的浸润转变。当微方柱间距较小时,液滴受到的黏附功越小,越易发生向Cassie状态的转变;液滴撞击微方孔疏水表面时,液滴以规则的圆环状向外铺展和回缩,最后呈现近似规则的椭球状,不会发生向Wenzel状态的浸润转变,利用建立的物理模型对前述现象进行了分析。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Trapping the western pine beetle at and near a source of synthetic attractive pheromone Effects of trap size and position

Western pine beetles were caught on unbaited sticky traps placed near a source ofexo-brevicomin, frontalin, and myrcene. Size of trap, distance and direction from the source of attractant, and height from the ground were varied. Significant differences in trap catch were observed in relation to each of the variables. Traps close to the source of attractant caught more beetles than traps farther from the source. Traps downwind of the source of attractant caught more beetles than did upwind traps. More males than females were trapped close to the source of attractant.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the senior author to the University of California, Berkeley, California, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in entomology, December 1976. These studies were supported by the U.S. Forest Service and in part by the Rockefeller Foundation and a joint grant (NSF GB-34718/BMS 75-04223) from the U.S. National Science Foundation and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to the University of California. The findings, opinions, and recommendations are not necessarily those of the University of California or the funding agencies.Trade names and commercial enterprises or products are mentioned solely for information and do not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or University of California.     

一种自适应柱状密封气膜特性分析

提出一种自适应柱状气膜密封,构建气膜-密封环为研究对象,考虑了偏心间隙发散问题,并定义Rayleigh台阶对气膜周期的突变性,建立了气膜雷诺方程和膜厚变化函数关系式的动力润滑数值模型,获得了摩擦副气膜润滑特性,研究结果表明：气膜力随转速和压力升高而增加,泄漏量随压力升高而增加但是随转速增加而下降,说明密封内部压力流占主导地位。随后,利用曲面槽型雕刻技术,结合高速试验台对密封进行测试,结果表明：理论计算模型与试验结果吻合度较高,斜槽区域存在更多擦痕与磨损,说明斜槽浮动性弱于直列槽;但斜槽的切向流动小于直列槽,导致斜槽泄漏量小于直列槽。该研究成果为自适应柱状气膜密封的气体流动规律和应用提供了理论基础。     

Kinetics of organic solvent-soluble and native lipase

Organic solvent-soluble lipase was prepared with a synthetic detergent. The solvent-soluble lipase was presumed to be a complex of the enzyme and the detergent. To investigate the effect of the detergent attachment to the enzyme on the reaction properties, the kinetics of the solvent-soluble lipase and of the native lipase were estimated by using glycerides in a homogeneous solution of buffer and tetrahydrofuran. Analysis of the direct interaction between the enzyme and the substrate could serve to characterize the steric structure around the active site of the lipase. The K_m values also differentiated the solvent-soluble lipase from the native lipase. These findings show for the first time that the detergent surrounding the enzyme molecule may affect not only the solubility of the enzyme, but its kinetics as well.     

Lipid distribution on textiles in relation to washing with lipases

Effectiveness of lipase in detergency was studied using three test soils (lard, artificial sebum, and olive oil) on a woven cotton fabric. Distribution of oily soil on fabrics was determined for three different treatments (unwashed, washed with detergent without lipase, and washed with detergent plus lipase). Osmium tetroxide was used to label lipid soil for analysis in the scanning electron microscope. Both longitudinal and cross-sectional backscattered electron images for unwashed samples showed that soil was present on surfaces of the cotton fibers and in interfiber spaces of the yarn bundle. Lard soiled samples had large deposits on the fabric surfaces, while artificial sebum and olive oil appeared more uniformly distributed throughout the textile. Oil was deposited in the interfiber capillaries of the yarn bundle and in the crenulation, secondary walls, and lumen of the fibers. Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis was used to determine relative concentrations of oil at selected morphological locations within the fiber structure and at the fiber surface. Soil distributions within the fibrous structures differed with type of soil and laundry treatment. Backscattered electron images dramatically demonstrated the effect of lipase on cleaning. After washing with detergent plus lipase, yarn surfaces had much less residual soil; residual soil that remained was in the irregularities of the cotton fiber surfaces. Concentrations of oil in the secondary walls, crenulations, lumen, and the fiber surfaces were lower after lipase treatment for all three soils. While washing with detergent removed soil from the yarn and fiber surfaces and the crenulation of the cotton fiber, only the samples washed with detergent plus lipase had lower concentrations of soils within the secondary wall and lumen of the cotton fibers. Fabrics soiled with olive oil and washed with detergent plus lipase had the lowest concentrations of residual soil across the textile structure; the residual soil observed was mainly in the irregularities on the fiber surfaces.     

煤油贮箱冷氦鼓泡增压过程数值研究

火箭飞行过程中,约90 K的低温氦气用以加压室温下的煤油贮箱使煤油流出,保障发动机燃料供应。为尽可能减少氦气用量,设计低温氦气从液相中喷入,使得氦气在贮箱内上升过程先和液态煤油充分换热升温,再进入气相空间增压。但该过程可能引起两个不利的结果,首先浸没在煤油中的低温氦气管路表面可能结冰,结冰沉底或可能堵塞发动机滤网;其次氦气可能被煤油携带,从而排出口位置可能出现气液两相流。这两种情况都对火箭发动机稳定运行造成负面影响,因此是不允许的。对低温氦气在贮箱中心喷入和环向多孔喷入两种结构的气液两相流过程进行了数值研究,构建了基于Euler-Euler模型的两相传热非稳态模型,数值结果与地面实验观察到的现象进行了定性对比,定性验证了模型的准确性。重点考察了煤油排出过程两种喷入结构的气液两相流分布以及煤油结冰可能性。研究结果从机理上解释了实验现象,并为煤油贮箱增压排出方案设计提供了参考。     

Modified dynamic matrix control

DMC (Dynamic Matrix Control) has been used successfully in industry for the last decade. It can deal with constraints and unusual dynamic behavior directly. It also shows a good control performance for the servo problem. Relatively, it can’t reject disturbances systematically. We propose a modified DMC method to control the regulatory process more efficiently. The proposed DMC method makes the control output by subtracting the estimated disturbance from the control output of the original DMC. Here, the disturbance is estimated by a new disturbance estimator. It shows better control performances than the original DMC.     

Analyse Expérimentale et Numérique du Comportement de Membranes Thermoplastiques en ABS et en HIPS dans le Procédé de Thermoformage

In this work, we are interested, on the one hand in the characterization of circular polymeric ABS and HIPS membrane under biaxial deformation using the bubble inflation technique, on the other hand in modelling and numerical simulation of the thermoforming of ABS and HIPS materials using the dynamic finite element method. Hyperelastic models (Mooney‐Rivlin, Ogden) are considered. First, the governing equations for the inflation of a flat circular membrane are solved using a variable‐step‐size‐finite difference method and a modified Levenberg‐Marquardt algorithm to minimize the difference between the calculated and measured inflation pressure. This will determine the material constants embedded within the models used. For numerical simulation, the lagrangian formulation together with the assumption of the membrane theory is used. Moreover, the influence of the hyperalastic model on the thickness and on the stress distribution in the thermoforming sheet are analysed for ABS and HIPS materials.     

回灌过程中离子强度和水流流速对胶体粒子在多孔介质中堵塞的影响

人工回灌过程中的堵塞问题一直是影响其推广的瓶颈,目前回灌过程中大颗粒悬浮物导致的堵塞机理研究较多,对胶体类颗粒物的堵塞机理研究相对少。采用室内砂柱实验,研究不同离子强度和不同水流流速条件下胶体在饱和多孔介质中的迁移-滞留特征。选择大肠杆菌为实验胶体,设计在不同离子强度、不同水流条件下的砂柱回灌实验;运用Hydrus-1D软件模拟,拟合穿透曲线后得到表征胶体沉积的相关参数。实验结果表明,在相同的离子强度下,流速增大会促进胶体的迁移,穿透曲线峰值增高,胶体的吸附率减小。在中等离子强度条件下（IS=30、50 mmol·L^-1）流速对胶体的这种影响比在更低的离子强度（≤10 mmol·L^-1）或更高的离子强度（≥300 mmol·L^-1）条件下更为显著;相反地,同一流速条件下,离子强度从10 mmol·L^-1升高到300 mmol·L^-1时,胶体的吸附随着离子强度的增加而迅速增加。从胶体和介质相互作用势能来看,随着离子强度的增加,胶体和砂表面的相互作用增强,有利于胶体吸附在介质表面,增加介质堵塞的概率。但是,在一定的离子强度下,流速的增加产生的水动力剪切力有利于促进胶体的迁移,不利于胶体的吸附或阻塞,减少了微小颗粒堵塞的概率。模拟结果显示吸附速率系数k、最大固相沉积量S_max随着离子强度的增大而增大,随着流速的增大而减小。从整体上来看,回灌过程中胶体微粒的迁移滞留行为主要受控于离子强度,但水流因素会干扰离子强度的控制作用。在实际的人工回灌过程中,有效的预防堵塞需要将化学（降低离子强度）和水动力（增加回灌水流速）手段有效地结合起来。