对轴对称荷载作用圆巷围岩理想弹塑性分析解的讨论

对轴对称荷载作用圆巷围岩理想弹塑性分析解——Kastner解适用于软岩和小变形情况,若用于非软岩和大变形情况,从Kastner方程会导得：不论巷道围岩塑性变形多大,巷道周边切应力恒等于岩体峰值强度;围岩所承受的地应力可以随围岩塑性区半径增大而持续增大,随巷道周边位移增大而持续增大;此外,Kastner解中切应力分布曲线在围岩弹、塑性区交界处有尖峰向上的应力集中.采用符合岩石实际的弹性、非线性硬化和软化光滑连接的应力-应变关系得到的巷道围岩分析解,可以弥补以上三点不足,恰当地反映巷道临界深度和巷道围岩自承地应力极限问题;所绘出的切应力分布曲线在围岩弹、塑性区交界处光滑连接,因而有更广的适用性和精确性,对巷、隧道围岩大变形支护设计有参考作用.     

线性软化土体中球孔扩张问题的解析解

采用三折线线性软化模型描述了土体应力－应变关系，以Mohr-Coulomb为屈服准则，同时考虑塑性区弹性变形、土体剪胀以及土体软化的特性，推导了孔扩张后孔周各个区域的应力、应变及位移解析解，讨论了剪胀角、应变软化系数、是否考虑塑性区弹性变形对解答结果的影响.结果表明，最终扩张压力、塑性区半径都随剪胀角的增大而增大；软化系数对塑性区半径影响很小，但对最终扩张压力影响较大，随着软化系数的增大，最终扩张压力增大；考虑塑性区弹性变形对扩张问题解答的影响随扩张半径的增大越趋明显；考虑塑性区的弹性变形，最终扩孔压力偏小.     

Stress and deformation analysis on deep surrounding rock at different time stages and its application

Based on the characteristics of the deep circular tunnel, the surrounding rock was divided into three regions: the cracked region, the plastic region and the viscoelastic region. The process of rock stress deformation and change was divided into three stages after the roadway excavation. By using the elastic–plastic mechanics theory, the analytical solutions of the surrounding stress and displacement at different stages and the radii of cracked and plastic regions were formulated. We additionally explained the surrounding rock stress and displacement which appeared in practical project. Simultaneously, based on the problem which emerged from a mine in Xuzhou during the excavating process of rock roadway’s transport, we got the theoretical solutions for the stress and displacement in the process of rock roadway’s excavation and considered that the broken area of rock roadway was largely loosing circle. The results indicate that according to the rheological characteristics of surrounding rock, in the primeval excavation of rock roadway, we should increase the length of anchor bolt and cooperate it with anchor nets cable-U steel supporting frame. In addition, when the deformation rate of the surrounding rock is descending after the 15 days’ excavation, we should use the “three anchor” supporting method (anchor bolt spray, anchor note and anchor rope) and set aside about 20 cm as the reserved deformation layer.     

采用总荷载不变法的非静水压隧道摄动拓展解

为描述实际地应力场下隧道塑性区演化规律和支护设计原则,基于Mohr-Coulomb准则和弹-脆-塑性模型,采用总荷载不变法并引入弹性区应力摄动解,建立了非静水压力下圆形隧道水平轴和竖向轴处的塑性区半径方程,继而利用几何相似原理拓展至其他方位角处,并与文献总荷载不变法(以应力基尔希公式为基础)、Kastner法、复变函数法和实测数据进行对比,结合非关联流动法则推导塑性区位移解析解,探讨侧压力系数与脆性软化对隧道塑性区边界线、塑性区位移分布和围岩特征曲线的影响特性。结果表明：相比文献总荷载不变法和Kastner法,2阶摄动解作为非静水压圆形隧道的弹性区应力表达式更合理,且得到复变函数法的正确性验证;侧压力系数对隧道塑性区边界线的形状和范围均有明显影响,需针对具体方位角选择支护类型和尺寸以调控收敛约束交点处的支护压力与围岩稳定变形;隧道塑性区半径和洞壁位移随围岩峰后强度的降低而显著增加,宜使用弹-脆-塑性模型构建围岩特征曲线。     

软岩巷道锚注支护结构蠕变分析

对锚注前软岩巷道围岩应力状态进行弹塑性分析,计算出锚注前围岩残余强度区半径;在此残余强度区内进行注浆,并将注浆区再细化为弹性区和塑性区,引入岩石蠕变的鲍尔丁-汤姆逊模型,建立了软岩巷道锚注支护结构的蠕变分析模型,采用塑性区岩体体积不变的假设,对锚注支护结构进行了黏弹性分析和黏塑性分析,推导出软岩巷道锚注支护结构应力及位移的蠕变公式.理论分析与相似模拟结果表明:软岩巷道锚注支护结构弹性区应力与时间无关,塑性区应力随时间而变化;弹性区、塑性区位移随时间的推移而不断增大,最后趋于一定值,且塑性区位移与半径成反比关系.     

柱状节理岩体开挖卸荷效应及破裂区分布规律

为了分析柱状节理洞室的变形和破裂区分布特征,研究岩体开挖扰动后的卸荷效应.在构建的复合型多弱面本构模型的基础上,建立柱状节理岩体开挖卸荷过程中弹性模量随应力水平的变化机制,提出适用于柱状节理岩体的理论公式,并成功嵌入本构模型,实现了柱状节理岩体的卸荷效应.结合取得的研究成果,进行柱状节理洞室开挖的计算分析,获取了围岩的变形特征及塑性区分布规律,发现节理面的屈服破坏与节理的倾向关系密切.研究各组节理面在塑性区开展过程中的影响,结果表明,垂直于开挖面的主节理面影响最大.揭示了柱状节理洞室围岩破裂区的开展过程及分布规律,即主节理面破裂贯通的过程并伴随次节理面的破裂扩展及岩体的开裂.     

Anchoring eccentricity features and rectifying devices for resin grouted bolt/cable bolt

The anchoring eccentricity of the bolt and cable bolt is a common problem in geotechnical support engineering and affects the ability of the bolt and cable bolt to control the rock mass to a certain extent. This paper reports on numerical simulation and laboratory experiments conducted to clarify the effect of eccentricity on the anchoring quality of the bolt and cable bolt, and to establish an effective solution strategy. The results reveal that the anchoring eccentricity causes unbalanced stress distribution and the uncoordinated deformation of the resin layer, which results in higher stress and greater deformation of the resin layer at the near side of the rod body. Additionally, as the degree of anchoring eccentricity increases, the effect becomes more significant, and the resin layer of the anchoring system becomes more likely to undergo preferential failure locally, which weakens the load-bearing performance of the anchoring system. This paper develops an innovative bolt anchoring rectifying device (B-ARD) and cable bolt anchoring rectifying device (C-ARD) on the basis of the structural characteristics of the bolt and cable bolt to better ensure the anchoring effect of them. The working effects of these two devices were verified in detailed experiments and analysis. The experimental results show that the anchoring rectifying devices (ARD) improve and ensure the anchoring concentricity of the bolt and cable bolt, which will help improve the supporting performance of them. The paper provides a convenient and effective method for improving the anchoring concentricity of the bolt and cable bolt, and provides a concept and reference for technical research on improving the effect of roof bolting.     

全长粘结锚杆锚-浆界面应力的分布规律

在局部变形理论基础上,对全长粘结型锚杆锚-浆界面破坏类型的锚固机理进行分析研究。将注浆体与围岩视为相对位移为零的稳定体,通过确定其主要影响系数r、k_s分析得到锚-浆界面的剪应力与轴向荷载的双曲线应力分布形式。通过Flac 3D数值模拟技术和实验算例对其进行对比分析,证明其合理性。定义虚拟系数T用来描述锚杆与注浆体界面材料性质,并对其影响参数进行分析,发现锚杆长度在一定范围内可以增强锚固效果,但过度增加锚杆长度对杆体剪应力与轴向荷载影响较小;随着锚杆半径增大,锚浆界面剪应力峰值呈非线性减小,作用的范围增加,为避免产生应力集中现象,应避免使用半径较小的锚杆;虚拟系数T可以描述锚浆界面的相差度,T值增大,锚浆界面的剪应力增大,作用的均匀度及轴向荷载作用范围降低明显,可通过取合适的T值使锚固效果最佳。T值对锚杆锚固机制的影响较为明显。     

Elasto-plastic analysis of the surrounding rock mass in circular tunnel based on the generalized nonlinear unified strength theory

The present paper aims to establish a versatile strength theory suitable for elasto-plastic analysis of underground tunnel surrounding rock. In order to analyze the effects of intermediate principal stress and the rock properties on its deformation and failure of rock mass, the generalized nonlinear unified strength theory and elasto-plastic mechanics are used to deduce analytic solution of the radius and stress of tunnel plastic zone and the periphery displacement of tunnel under uniform ground stress field. The results show that: intermediate principal stress coefficient b has significant effect on the plastic range,the magnitude of stress and surrounding rock pressure. Then, the results are compared with the unified strength criterion solution and Mohr–Coulomb criterion solution, and concluded that the generalized nonlinear unified strength criterion is more applicable to elasto-plastic analysis of underground tunnel surrounding rock.     

骑跨采动压巷道围岩稳定性数值模拟

针对巷道围岩遇水膨胀软化、岩石流变特性显著及长期受采动支撑压力作用的特点,应用FLAC数值软件分析骑跨采动压巷道在不同垂距及水平距离下巷道围岩的稳定性,并研究巷道围岩应力场、变形场及塑性区的变化特征.研究结果表明：巷道围岩变形表现为以底鼓变形最大,两帮变形次之,顶板变形量相对较小的特点;受支撑压力的影响,巷道围岩的应力、变形及塑性区分布呈现明显的不对称性;随着垂距及水平距离的增加,巷道围岩应力及变形呈现出不同程度的减小趋势.     

考虑剪胀和软化的巷道围岩弹塑性分析

在应力跌落模型的基础上引进软化阈值,建立了弹塑脆性模型,模拟岩土材料的脆性软化性质。基于Mohr-Coulomb准则,考虑了岩土材料屈服后的塑性软化和体积膨胀,推导了圆形巷道围岩的软化区半径、塑性区半径、洞周位移及围岩内应力表达式,最后通过算例分析了剪胀、软化程度和弹模劣化对破裂区范围的影响,为巷道的稳定分析以及支护设计提供理论依据。     

应变非线性软化的预应力衬砌隧洞弹塑性应力解

基于岩体单轴应变非线性软化本构模型,采用全量理论将其推广,获得考虑中间主应力影响的复杂应力状态下的岩体等效应力和等效应变关系,由此对灌浆式预应力衬砌隧洞进行弹塑性分析.指出预应力作用下围岩可能处于弹性或弹塑性两种状态,给出了两种情况下围岩压力、塑性区半径及衬砌应力的解析计算式,得到了围岩产生塑性变形的临界灌浆压力,并结合某工程进行了具体分析.     

不同大变形等级下层理角度对层状软岩隧道的影响

为探究不同大变形等级下层理角度对层状软岩隧道的影响,依托九绵高速全线软岩大变形隧道,通过岩石力学试验确定遍布节理模型参数,基于数值模拟,探究不同软岩大变形等级（轻微、中等、强烈）下层理角度对层状软岩大变形隧道围岩及支护体系受力变形的影响,并通过现场统计的层理角度与大变形情况对数值模拟结果进行验证。结果表明：1）层理小角度（0°、15°）与大角度（90°）围岩变形、支护结构受力变形较大,随着大变形等级的增大,层理角度引起的围岩支护变化效果越明显。2）随着层理角度的增大,围岩变形从拱底逐渐转移到右拱腰。围岩变形主要发生在隧道轮廓与层理面相切位置,其中拱底及左拱脚对层理角度变化较敏感。3）初支应力偏向及节理塑性区大致与层理弱面法向一致,随着层理角度的增大,节理的剪切塑性区由拱顶、拱底转移到左拱脚、右拱肩,最终偏移到左右拱腰上下位置;相比初支压应力,初支拉应力对层理角度更敏感,垂直节理增大了张拉剪切破坏塑性区贯通的风险,但剪切破坏塑性区半径反而有可能减小。4）现场的统计规律表现为小角度与大角度大变形等级较高,层理角度为60°以下时,岩层破坏发生在拱腰及拱肩处,随着层理角度的增大,有向拱肩发展的...     

Vibration Characteristic of Anchoring System of Bolt and Elastic Wave Propagation Law

Atpresent,theanchoringtechnologyiswidely usedinthefieldofmineraldiggingandrocksoilengi neering,anddevelopsquickly.Thereinforcement techniquesforboltcanreasonablystrengthenrock strengthandloadability,improvethestressstateof rock.Asaresult,itisappliedinthefieldofmining androcksoilengineeringonalargescale.Mean while,thereisanurgentneedforamethodtotest boltbondingquality.Atpresent,acommonlyused methodintheengineeringfieldispulloutexperiment andover coring,whichbelongstodestructivetestal thoughitha…     

支护阻力对不同岩性围岩变形的控制作用

在理论分析和数值计算的基础上,研究了不同岩性条件下支护阻力对围岩变形的作用和机理。阐述了硬岩巷道中支护要是控制塑性区的范围,软岩道中支护阻力提供围压,影响周力岩体的软化笥,遏制围岩破碎区的发展,从而控制围岩的变形。结果表明,岩性质越差,支护阻力控制围岩变形的作用越大,巷道位移量与支护阻力呈负指数函数关系。     

条带开采中条带煤柱塑性区宽度分析

根据煤的变形破坏特点，对煤变形采用弹塑性应变软化模型，根据条带开采的特殊性，用三维受力单元模型来分析。通过数学运算推导出条带煤柱塑性区应力及宽度的表达式。最后，对影响塑性区宽度的几个主要因素作了分析。     

软岩隧道施工变形修复方案优化研究

某隧道在建设过程中,由于上覆荷载大,围岩强度较低,围岩出现了较大变形,严重影响隧道安全,需对隧道进行修复.根据实际情况设计了反增加初期支护厚度和增加初期支护厚度并加固围岩2种修复方案,并依据实测地形分别建立了有限元计算模型,采用不同的工况模拟了隧道修复方案.对计算结果从围岩位移、应力、塑性区发展以及衬砌内力等方面进行了对比和分析.研究结果表明,围岩注浆对软岩隧道的围岩变形、围岩应力的控制效果优于仅采用增加初衬厚度的修复方案.此研究对类似隧道修复具有借鉴意义.     

Influence of dynamic pressure on deep underground soft rock roadway support and its application

Due to high ground stress and mining disturbance, the deformation and failure of deep soft rock roadway is serious, and invalidation of the anchor net-anchor cable supporting structure occurs. The failure characteristics of roadways revealed with the help of the ground pressure monitoring. Theoretical analysis was adopted to analyze the influence of mining disturbance on stress distribution in surrounding rock,and the change of stress was also calculated. Considering the change of stress in surrounding rock of bottom extraction roadway, the displacement, plastic zone and distribution law of principal stress difference under different support schemes were studied by means of FLAC3D. The supporting scheme of U-shaped steel was proposed for bottom extraction roadway that underwent mining disturbance. We carried out a similarity model test to verify the effect of support in dynamic pressure. Monitoring results demonstrated the change rules of deformation and stress of surrounding rock in different supporting schemes. The supporting scheme of U-shaped steel had an effective control on deformation of surrounding rock. The scheme was successfully applied in underground engineering practice, and achieved good technical and economic benefits.     

Effect of pore pressure on deformation and unstable snap-back for shear band and elastic rock system

Fast Lagrangian analysis of continua（FLAC） was used to study the influence of pore pressure on the mechanical behavior of rock specimen in plane strain direct shear, the distribution of yielded elements, the distribution of displacement and velocity across shear band as well as the snap-back （elastic rebound） instability. The effective stress law was used to represent the weakening of rock containing pore fluid under pressure. Numerical results show that rock specimen becomes soft （lower strength and hardening modulus） as pore pressure increases, leading to higher displacement skip across shear band. Higher pore pressure results in larger area of plastic zone, higher concentration of shear strain, more apparent precursor to snap-back （unstable failure） and slower snap-back. For higher pore pressure, the formation of shear band-elastic body system and the snap-back are earlier; the distance of snap-back decreases; the capacity of snap-back decreases, leading to lower elastic strain energy liberated beyond the instability and lower earthquake or rockburst magnitude. In the process of snap-back, the velocity skip across shear band is lower for rock specimen at higher pore pressure, showing the slower velocity of snap-back.     

Roadway deformation during riding mining in soft rock

“Riding mining” is a form of mining where the working face is located above the roadway and advances parallel to it. Riding mining in deep soft rock creates a particular set of problems in the roadway that include high stresses, large deformations, and support difficulties. Herein we describe a study of the rock deformation mechanism of a roadway as observed during riding mining in deep soft rock. Theoretical analysis, numerical simulations, and on site monitoring were used to examine this problem. The stress in the rock and the visco-elastic behavior of the rock are considered. Real time data, recorded over a period of 240 days, were taken from a 750 transportation roadway. Stress distributions in the rock surrounding the roadway were studied by comparing simulations to observations from the mine. The rock stress shows dynamic behavior as the working face advances. The pressure increases and then drops after peaking as the face advances. Both elastic and plastic deformation of the surrounding rock occurs. Plastic deformation provides a mechanism by which stress in the rock relaxes due to material flow. A way to rehabilitate the roadway is suggested that will help ensure mine safety.