A new adding method of foaming agent used for foam dust suppression in underground coal mines

To realize a stable addition of foaming agent used for foam technology, a new adding method using the jet cavitation was introduced, and its performance was investigated experimentally under different operating conditions. Experimental results show that the bubble region in the jet device has a constant vapor pressure, which creates a good condition for liquid absorption, while it shrinks with increasing outlet pressure. The liquid absorption amount keeps unchanged when the outlet pressure is lower than a critical value. The critical outlet pressure increases by 40% with decreasing cavitation absorption amount, which is especially suitable for mini-flow quantitative addition of foaming agent used for foam dust suppression. Its effectiveness on suppressing mine dust was evaluated in a heading face of underground coal mines. Field application indicates that the reliable and simple foaming system adopting the new adding method makes a marked dust suppression effect. The working environment of heading face is significantly improved, ensuring the safe tunneling and personal security.     

露天矿潜孔钻机泡沫发生器的性能实验

为解决露天矿潜孔钻机作业粉尘污染严重的问题,从传统除尘技术应用效果差、耗风量大、取水困难等事实出发,根据泡沫除尘机理及两相泡沫发泡原理,设计了一种适用于露天矿潜孔钻机的泡沫发生器,并对其发泡性能进行研究.通过开展泡沫发生器的泡沫流量、发泡倍数及半衰期等性能实验,确定出影响泡沫发生器发泡性能的主要因素,得出泡沫发生器的最佳工况点.实验结果表明:气体流量、液体流量(气液比)、发泡网及发泡剂质量分数是影响泡沫发生器发泡性能的4个主要因素,在工况为发泡网1、质量分数1.5%的配方2、气体压力0.7 MPa、液体流量18 L/min及气体流量30 m~3/h条件下,泡沫发生器发泡性能达到最佳,其流量为515 L/min,发泡倍数为22,半衰期为65 min.经现场试验,泡沫除尘后采场平均降尘率高达90%以上,应用效果良好.     

Controlling the coal dust at transshipment point: A study of the foam-sol foaming device

In order to effectively control the dust at the transshipment point with foam-sol, this paper attempted to study the characteristics of dust diffusion at transshipment point and the foam-sol foaming device with diffusion outlet was also designed in this paper. To study the diffusion rules of coal dust, fluent discrete phase model was utilized in the numerical simulation, as the coal dust was thrown down at a horizontal velocity of 2.5 m/s. A foam-sol foaming device was designed, through which foaming agent could be automatically sucked into the Venturi by the negative pressure. The automatic controller was also equipped, which could transform the energy of the compressed air into the constant pressure difference so that the gelling agent could be qualitatively added into the gel container. The diffusion outlet that could spray out foam-sol in a continuous, conical and 3D manner was also designed. Moreover, this paper also carried out the contrast experiments on dust removal efficiency among water, aqueous foam and foam-sol. The results clearly show that the symmetrical whirlpools appeared below the inlet where the largest whirlpool diameter was 0.52 m, and the horizontal distance from swirl range to the inlet was approximately 0.69 m. By using the self-designed foaming device, the foaming was multiplied by 30 times and the volume ratio with water and foaming agent reached 95%:5%. In this context, the gas pressure was controlled at 0.3 MPa, with gas flow at 15 m³/h and water flow at 0.5 m³/h, with water pressure controlled between 0.34 and 0.36 MPa. The foam-sol has the highest dust removal efficiency than other agents.     

Application of foam technology for dust control in underground coal mine

In order to effectively control the dust in the underground coal mine, this study proposes and develops a new technology for dust control by foam, and briefly demonstrates the advantage of the foam technology for dust control, such as the good isolation performance, large contact area, high wetting ability, strong adhesion and so on. Besides, the details of the technology are introduced, including the foam agent, foam generator, and foam production process. Then the paper studies the relationship between the foaming agent concentration and liquid surface tension, and explains the principle of the foam generator. The technology is applied in heading face. The application results show that the foam has a remarkable effect on dust control in underground coal mines.     

Novel foaming agent used in preparation process of aluminum foams

The performances of a novel foaming agent used in the preparation process of aluminum foams were investigated,and the effects of some factors,such as addition of the foaming agent,foaming temperature on the porosity,and appearance of aluminum foams were also discussed.Experimental results show that the novel foaming agent has a wide decomposition temperature range and a mild decomposed rate; the foaming agent has the ability to enhance the viscosity of aluminum melt,as a result,an extra viscosifier such as Ca or SiCp is unnecessary while using this foaming agent; the bubble-free zone in material decreases and the foaming efficiency increases with the increase of foaming agent; the bubble-free zone disappears and the foaming efficiency is near 100% when the addition of foaming agent is more than 1.4wt% ; the porosity of the aluminum foam increases with the increase of foaming agent when the addition of foaming agent is less than 2.2wt% .     

混凝土发泡剂的复配研究

泡沫混凝土已经受到广泛的关注,但发泡剂的泡沫性能却不能满足制备高品质泡沫混凝土的需要.为了探索提高发泡剂性能的方法,分别选用十二烷基磺酸钠、聚乙二醇、明胶和自制蛋白稳泡剂,对十二烷基苯磺酸钠进行了复配研究.通过测量发泡剂携液量、发泡倍数、保水系数的变化规律表征外加剂对发泡剂泡沫性能的影响,并对产生影响的原因进行了解释.结果表明,只要复配条件适当,4种外加剂都能在一定程度上改善十二烷基苯磺酸钠的泡沫性能,其中蛋白质稳泡剂的效果最好,复配条件要求低.可见,通过复配提高发泡剂的性能是一条有效途径.     

Preparation of aluminum foam sandwich by rolling-bonding/powder metallurgy foaming technology

Aluminum foam sandwich was prepared by rolling-bonding/powder metallurgical foaming technology, and the effects of rolling on bond strength of face sheet/powders and powder density were studied. Moreover, the foaming agent, TiH2, was heat treated and a certain amount of Mg was added into powder in an attempt to understand how the stability and uniformity of foam was improved. The experimental results show that the foaming precursors with ideal quality were obtained by rolling-bonding process. When rolling reduction is 67%, the consistency of powders reach to 99.87%. Throughout consideration of the bonding of face sheet/ core layer powders and deformation characteristic of powders, the optimum rolling reduction is 60%-70%. Cracks and drainage during foaming were inhibited by heat treatment of foaming agent TiH2 and the addition of a certain amount of Mg. The optimum heat treatment way of TiH2 is that heat preserving 1 hour at 450 ℃; the amount of adding Mg is 1wt%.     

New Respirable Dust Suppression Systems for Coal Mines

Dust suppression in coal mines is a worldwide problem which has not been solved effectively. The application of negative pressure secondary dust removal （NPSDR） is a breakthrough in the coal mine safety field. In this paper, NPSDR technology and ultrasonic dust suppression systems are introduced. High pressure water is supplied to the NPSDR device which is mounted on the shearer. A negative pressure field is formed in the device. At the same time, the dusty air around the shearer drum will be sucked into, and purged from, the NPSDR device by the negative pressure field. An ultrasonic dust suppression system uses water and compressed air to produce micron sized droplets which suppress respirable coal dust effectively. The NPSDR technology can be used for shearer dust suppression while ultrasonic dust suppression can be applied in areas such as the transportation positions. These dust suppression methods have the following advantages： high efficiency, wide applicability, simple structure, high reliability and low cost.     

泡沫驱油中起泡剂W-101的筛选与评价

对河间东营油藏泡沫驱油的起泡剂类型、质量分数、抗压、抗温、抗盐、抗油等性能和高低渗双管驱替进行了研究。结果表明,WaringBlender法筛选出的最佳泡沫体系为质量分数0.1%的W-101;当压力为0.1~15MPa时,起泡体积和泡沫半衰期都随着压力的增高而增加,但压力超过5MPa时,压力对W-101起泡剂溶液的起泡能力和稳泡性影响不大;随着温度的升高,W-101起泡剂溶液的起泡能力先增大后减小,稳泡性逐渐减小;当矿化度为2 500~10 000mg/L时,随着矿化度的增加,起泡剂W-101的起泡能力逐渐减小,稳泡性先降低后小幅增大;剂油体积比越大,起泡剂W-101的起泡能力和稳泡性能越差。高低渗双管驱替实验表明,泡沫能有效封堵高渗管,扩大低渗管的波及体积,入口压力从水驱结束时的0.3 MPa升至空气泡沫驱结束时的1.8 MPa,低渗管采收率提高16.89%,高渗管采收率提高9.30%,综合采收率提高12.3%。     

发泡法制备莫来石轻质耐火材料工艺研究

以黏土、工业氧化铝、石英砂为主要原料,采用发泡法制备莫来石轻质耐火材料,研究了发泡剂的种类、发泡工艺、耐火纤维加入量对莫来石轻质耐火材料性能的影响。结果表明,以十二烷基苯磺酸钠等为发泡剂,其加入量为1％时,试样的容重最轻;加入糊精可以提高试样烧结后的强度,最佳加入量为5％;而搅拌时间为8～11min或发泡温度为50℃时,试样烧结后强度最大。引入硅酸铝耐火纤维对试样的容重和气孔率影响不大,但可明显提高烧结后试样的强度,其加入量以1％为宜。     

CaO-SiO_2-MgO脱硅渣起泡性能的研究

分析了铁水脱硅预处理后炉渣起泡原因及机理,通过实验验证并提出了抑制炉渣发泡的措施.研究表明：将氧化剂连续、分散加入铁液,可减少单位时间内发泡气体的产生量,有利于抑制炉渣发泡.1450℃条件下,当碱度为0.6～0.8,w（MgO）为10%～20%时,碱度升高或w（MgO）增加,炉渣黏度呈降低趋势,密度变化不大,而发泡高度和发泡指数明显减小.随着w（MgO）增加,炉渣表面张力增大.炉渣碱度为0.8、w（MgO）为20%时,发泡性能最弱.向脱硅渣中加入适量CaO或MgO,可改变炉渣的物理化学性质,抑制炉渣发泡.     

秸秆粉／PP微孔发泡复合材料的发泡工艺研究

本文主要通过AC发泡剂含量、EVA含量、偶联剂种类和含量及挤出机的工艺参数等单因素来研究最佳发泡工艺．结果表明：AC发泡剂含量为4份时,密度最小为0．95g／mm2,冲击强度最大为14．88KJ／m2;随EVA含量的增加,密度减小,冲击强度增大,12％以后密度与冲击强度基本不变,密度达到最小0．84g／mm2,冲击强度最大11．4KJ／m2;MAH-g-PP6份时冲击强度达到最大为11．56KJ／m2;制备发泡母粒时挤出机螺杆温度为150℃时,密度达到0．94g／mm2,冲击强度达到12．04J／m2．     

高性能防灭火三相泡沫的实验研究

提出了用三相泡沫来防治煤炭的自燃．由粉煤灰或黄泥、氮气和水通过物理机械方式形成的防灭火三相泡沫,具有集固、液、气三相材料的防灭火性能于一体,充分利用粉煤灰或黄泥的覆盖性、氮气的窒息性和水的吸热降温性进行防灭火的特性．通过对优选的4种发泡剂及相互复配对泡沫性能的实验研究,得出了最优的复配发泡剂及配比．同时研究了发泡剂质量分数、水玻璃质量分数及浆液质量分数对制备高性能三相泡沫的影响．结果表明,当发泡剂质量分数为0．2％,水玻璃质量分数为2％,灰水质量比为1：4时,制得的防灭火三相泡沫的性能最好．并在实验室构建的三相泡沫实验系统上制备出了高性能的防灭火三相泡沫．     

稠油泡沫驱起泡剂体系的研究

稠油油田泡沫驱过程中,单一起泡剂性能不稳定,针对这一难点问题,设计了一种新型泡沫驱起泡剂体系。采用Waring⁃Blender搅拌法,以泡沫综合指数和耐温抗盐性能为评价指标,对初步筛选得到的甜菜碱、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）、十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）和十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）4种起泡剂进行优选,最优起泡单剂为甜菜碱、CTAB。将两种起泡单剂进行不同比例的筛选,最终优选出质量比2∶1的CTAB与甜菜碱体系,并对其进行洗油能力测试和填砂管模拟实验。结果表明,该起泡剂体系耐温抗盐性好,洗油能力强,并且在填砂管模拟实验中对蒸汽驱加泡沫驱与蒸汽泡沫交替注入驱两种驱替方式进行对比,发现将蒸汽和泡沫流体交替注入油藏的驱油方式得到的原油采收率可达60.7%,具有一定的参考价值。     

发泡丁腈橡胶-金属密封板的制备

针对发泡橡胶-金属密封板的泡孔不均匀而导致的密封板密封性较差的问题,采用丁腈橡胶为涂覆层,不锈钢板为基体制备发泡丁腈橡胶-金属密封板,分别研究时间、温度、发泡剂用量和环氧树脂用量四个单因素对涂覆橡胶发泡率的影响,采用正交实验优化出最佳工艺条件为:发泡剂用量10%、环氧树脂用量30%、硫化温度140 ℃和硫化时间20 min.200 ℃热稳定性实验结果表明,密封板不起皮、失重为0.08 g; 偏光显微镜研究密封板的微观形貌表明,泡孔平均直径为68.35 μm,发泡均匀,有助于密封性能的提高.     

一种阴离子起泡剂的起泡性能影响因素分析

对一种阴离子磺酸盐起泡剂(FA220)的起泡性能及影响因素进行了实验研究.结果表明,在起泡剂质量分数为0.6％时,起泡剂的起泡体积和半衰期均达到最高值;起泡剂FA220具有较好的耐Mg2+能力,NaCI和Ca2+对其稳定性具有一定的负面影响,但对其起泡体积影响不大;聚合物的加入会增加泡沫体系的稳定性,但会减小其起泡体积...     

High efficiency dust scrubbers for continuous miner in underground mines

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建筑泡沫玻璃的研制

本文研究了以碳酸钙和白云石为发泡剂的泡沫玻璃，获得了高强度、低容重的适合建筑墙体用泡沫玻璃的工艺参数。同时，对影响制品性能的一些因素也进行了探讨。     

A new design of foam spray nozzle used for precise dust control in underground coal mines

In order to improve the utilization rate of foam,an arc jet nozzle was designed for precise dust control.Through theoretical analysis,the different demands of foam were compared amongst arc jets,flat jets and full cone jets when the dust source was covered identically by foam.It is proved that foam consumption was least when an arc jet was used.Foam production capability of an arc jet nozzle under different conditions was investigated through experiments.The results show that with the gas liquid ratio(GLR)increasing,the spray state of an arc jet nozzle presents successively water jet,foam jet and mist.Under a reasonable working condition range of foam production and a fixed GLR,foam production quantity increases at first,and then decreases with the increase of liquid supply quantity.When the inner diameter of the nozzle is 14 mm,the best GLR is 30 and the optimum liquid supply quantity is0.375 m~3/h.The results of field experiments show that the total dust and respirable dust suppression efficiency of arc jet nozzles is 85.8%and 82.6%respectively,which are 1.39 and 1.37 times higher than the full cone nozzles and 1.20 and 1.19 times higher than the fiat nozzles.     

负压降尘技术及其应用

本文提出的负压降尘技术，是利用高压水通过降尘装置内的引射装置产生高速水雾射流，从而在降尘装置的吸气部分产生负压，使含尘气流被不断地吸入降尘装置，从而得到洗涤和净化，达到降尘的目的．运用均匀设计方法进行了详细的实验室实验，得出了负压降尘技术的优化参数．根据实验结果，设计了采煤机负压降尘装置，在工业性试验中取得了较好的降尘效果.