不同断面形式深埋巷道围岩破坏数值模拟分析

以Ⅲ级围岩为例,利用有限差分软件FLAC对不同埋深情况下不同断面形式的巷道进行数值模拟,分析矩形、直墙拱形和圆形断面巷道围岩应力应变、围岩塑性区随埋深的变化规律及特点。结果表明：拱形断面巷道的围岩变形、围岩塑性区最小,尤其是顶板下沉量较矩形和圆形断面巷道的要小得多;圆形断面巷道围岩水平向位移最小;矩形断面巷道围岩应力及变形随埋深增加幅度都要大于拱形和圆形断面巷道。     

直墙拱形巷道围岩应力场分析

为得出直墙拱形巷道围岩应力分布规律,应用复变函数弹性理论推导了直墙拱形巷道围岩应力分布的解析表达式。对直墙拱形巷道边界的围岩应力和巷道水平线方向的围岩应力分布规律进行分析,并考虑直墙拱形巷道断面高宽比和侧压系数对其影响规律。研究表明：在不同巷道断面高宽比、侧压系数下,直墙拱形巷道围岩应力集中区域主要集中在直墙底部底角处、拱形顶板中点附近和底板中部3个位置。不同巷道断面高宽比下,直墙拱形巷道沿水平线的应力分布规律基本相同。侧压系数大于1时,采用巷道断面高宽比小于1较有利于巷道稳定;侧压系数小于等于1时,采用巷道断面高宽比大于1较有利于巷道稳定。     

爆炸荷载作用下球面应力波特性的研究

本文应用叠加方法,研究了在球形装药矩形脉冲荷载作用下的应力波性质,导出了波动方程解的数学表达式;并分析了径向和切向裂隙产生的机理.     

不同开采条件下巷道围岩支护反力理论分析

目前对深部巷道围岩表面变形理论计算公式仅限于截面为圆形的巷道,但在工程实例中多采用矩形巷道.就目前常见的深部开采条件,采用面积等效原理进行理论分析和数值模拟分析,即将矩形巷道采用等面积原理等效于相应的圆形巷道来计算围岩表面的变形.考虑不同截面尺寸,不同巷道埋深及不同岩性这3个因素,分别选取5个水平,进行正交试验设计出25组不同开采条件下巷道围岩表面变形.初步设计出各开采条件下的最佳支护方案,并在此基础上确定淮北袁店二矿101运输巷道控制围岩稳定的合理锚杆支护参数.     

圆形均布荷载下地基附加应力计算简化模型

为研究圆形均布荷载下地基附加应力的等代变换模型,对一半径为1的圆形均布荷载进行分析,通过弹性力学理论得到其地基附加应力的计算公式,并以等效面积原则,采用不同长宽比的矩形均布荷载进行替换,设定2个工况点,通过比较等代后的矩形荷载与圆形荷载在不同深度土体的附加应力系数,可以得到使用矩形均布荷载作为圆形均布荷载的简化模型是可行的,且长宽比1.0的矩形荷载等代模型最接近原模型.     

Influence of dynamic pressure on deep underground soft rock roadway support and its application

Due to high ground stress and mining disturbance, the deformation and failure of deep soft rock roadway is serious, and invalidation of the anchor net-anchor cable supporting structure occurs. The failure characteristics of roadways revealed with the help of the ground pressure monitoring. Theoretical analysis was adopted to analyze the influence of mining disturbance on stress distribution in surrounding rock,and the change of stress was also calculated. Considering the change of stress in surrounding rock of bottom extraction roadway, the displacement, plastic zone and distribution law of principal stress difference under different support schemes were studied by means of FLAC3D. The supporting scheme of U-shaped steel was proposed for bottom extraction roadway that underwent mining disturbance. We carried out a similarity model test to verify the effect of support in dynamic pressure. Monitoring results demonstrated the change rules of deformation and stress of surrounding rock in different supporting schemes. The supporting scheme of U-shaped steel had an effective control on deformation of surrounding rock. The scheme was successfully applied in underground engineering practice, and achieved good technical and economic benefits.     

巷道围岩应力空间分布仿真分析

为得出巷道围岩应力空间分布特征,以圆形断面巷道为例,采用复变函数方法得出其应力解,并把映射空间解转化为巷道所在空间解后对巷道周围岩体应力场进行仿真分析,得出了巷道周围岩体应力场分布直观图,可方便直观的了解巷道围岩任意位置应力分布情况。并考虑不同半径、不同侧压系数对围岩应力场的影响,得出了：圆形巷道围岩应力峰值及其出现方向与半径无关;侧压系数小于1/3时,顶底板开始产生拉应力,大于3时两帮围岩开始产生拉应力;以及环向、径向、剪切应力及最大、最小应力的变化规律。     

Application of high-pressure water jet technology and the theory of rock burst control in roadway

This paper puts forward using high-pressure water jet technology to control rock burst in roadway, and analyzes the theory of controlling rock burst in roadway by the weak structure zone model. The weak structure zone is formed by using high-pressure water jet to cut the coal wall in a continuous and rotational way. In order to study the influence law of weak structure zone in surrounding rock, this paper numerically analyzed the influence law of weak structure zone, and the disturbance law of coal wall and floor under dynamic and static combined load. The results show that when the distance between high-pressure water jet drillings is 3 m and the diameter of drilling is 300 mm, continuous stress superposition zone can be formed. The weak structure zone can transfer and reduce the concentrated static load in surrounding rock, and then form distressed zone. The longer the high-pressure water jet drilling is, the larger the distressed zone is. The stress change and displacement change of non-distressed zone in coal wall and floor are significantly greater than that of distressed zone under dynamic and static combined load. And it shows that the distressed zone can effectively control rock burst in roadway under dynamic and static combined load. High-pressure water jet technology was applied in the haulage gate of 250203 working face in Yanbei Coal Mine, and had gained good effect. The study conclusions provide theoretical foundation and a new guidance for controlling rock burst in roadway.     

Longitudinal crack on slab surface at straightening stage during continuous casting using finite element method

Deformation behavior of slab at the straightening stage during continuous casting was simulated by the explicit dynamic finite element method, and the stress distribution along the width direction of the slab and its change regularity at slab center during continuous casting were obtained. The influence of distribution and change of stress on the propagation of longitudinal cracks on slab surface was discussed. The results show that the tensional stress appears on slab surface at the inner arc side and the compressive stress appears on slab surface at the outer arc side at stages 6-8 in straightening zone during continuous casting. Longitudinal cracks generally appear on slab top surface and do not appear on slab bottom surface, which are also observed in industry.     

动车组变曲率L型截面铝合金门立柱拉弯精度控制

对某动车组L型截面变曲率铝合金门立柱的拉弯成形过程进行模拟.基于不同阶段下的截面应力应变分布和回弹半径变化关系,探索了铝合金门立柱拉弯成形精度的影响因素,优选工艺参数及控制方法,并通过试验进行验证.结果表明:变曲率L型截面铝合金门立柱拉弯成形主要缺陷为截面畸变和回弹,其中截面畸变缺陷包括直线段区域腹板塌陷和圆弧端区域立...     

不同爆炸载荷作用下加筋板的动态响应分析

主要仿真分析了3种爆炸冲击载荷作用下加筋板动态响应的异同。利用有限元分析软件LS-DYNA,模拟了加筋板在矩形、三角形、指数形等3种冲击载荷作用下的动态响应。通过比较加筋板压力、等效应力、位移等参数,分析得出:在3种冲击载荷强度和冲量都相等的情况下,目标板前期阶段的动态响应基本相同;对整体破坏效果而言,矩形冲击载荷的破坏效应最大,三角形载荷次之,而最能体现爆炸冲击载荷特征的指数形载荷的破坏效果则最小。     

A dynamic ejection coal burst model for coalmine roadway collapse

In this study, we established a dynamic ejection coal burst model for a coalmine roadway subject to stress, and held that the stress concentration zone at the roadway side is the direct energy source of this ejection. The formation and development of such burst undergoes three stages:(1) instability and propagation of the cracks in the stress concentration zone,(2) emerging of a layered energy storage structure in the zone, and(3) ejection of coal mass or coal burst due to instability. Moreover, we figured out the initial strength of periodic cracks is parallel to the maximal dominant stress direction in the stress concentration zone and derived from the damage strain energy within the finite area of the zone based on the Griffith energy theory. In addition, we analyzed the formation process of the layered energy storage structure in the zone, simplified it as a simply supported restraint sheet, and calculated the minimum critical load and the internally accumulated elastic energy at the instable state. Furthermore, we established a criterion for occurrence of the coal burst based on the variational principle, and analyzed the coal mass ejection due to instability and coal burst induced by different intensity disturbances. At last, with the stratum conditions of Junde Coalmine as the model prototype, we numerically simulated the load displacement distribution of the stress concentration zone ahead of the working face disturbed by the main roof-fracture-induced dynamic load during the mining process as well as their varying characteristics,and qualitatively verified the above model.     

爆炸荷载下粘钢加固混凝土结构局部破坏机理

将介质视为流体弹塑性体系，采用一维弹塑性应变波理论分析钢板防震塌破坏机理，圆满地解释了有无钢板加固混凝土在爆炸荷载下的实验现象；并提出确定钢板厚度的计算方法，与实验结果吻合较好。     

圆弧形底面扁平钢箱梁局部应力分析

采用从整体到局部、从粗放到精细的两阶段两尺度分析方法,对国内首个圆弧形底面扁平钢箱梁在运营状态下的局部应力进行分析。用大尺度单元建立全桥模型,用小尺度单元建立梁段模型。通过分析全桥模型获得梁段模型的边界约束力。在此基础上,利用梁段模型研究钢箱梁在恒载和活载作用下顶、底板的应力响应。研究表明：圆弧形底面扁平钢箱梁顶、底板均存在剪力滞现象,U肋对跨中截面应力分布的影响大于墩顶附近截面。圆弧形底面钢箱梁的底板正应力不均匀程度略大于折线形底面钢箱梁。     

Shape ratio effects on the mechanical characteristics of rectangular prism rocks and isolated pillars under uniaxial compression

Isolated pillars in underground mines are subjected to uniaxial stress, and the load bearing cross-section of pillars is commonly rectangularly shaped. In addition, the uniaxial compression test (UCT) is widely used for determining the basic mechanical properties of rocks and revealing the mechanism of isolated pillar disasters under unidimensional stress. The shape effects of rock mechanical properties under uniaxial compression are mainly quantitatively reflected in the specific shape ratios of rocks. Therefore, it is necessary to study the detailed shape ratio effects on the mechanical properties of rectangular prism rock specimens and isolated pillars under uniaxial compressive stress. In this study, granite, marble and sandstone rectangular prism specimens with various height to width ratios (r) and width to thickness ratios (u) were prepared and tested. The study results show that r and u have a great influence on the bearing ability of rocks, and thin or high rocks have lower uniaxial compressive strength. Reducing the level of r can enhance the u effect on the strength of rocks, and increasing the level of u can enhance the r effect on the strength of rocks. The lateral strain on the thickness side of the rock specimen is larger than that on the width side, which implies that crack growth occurs easily on the thickness side. Considering r and u, a novel strength prediction model of isolated pillars was proposed based on the testing results, and the prediction model was used for the safety assessment of 179 isolated pillars in the Xianglu Mountain Tungsten Mine.     

竖向加载方式对桩侧向应力及侧阻性能的影响

为了研究竖向加载方式对桩侧阻性能的影响,采用数值模拟分析方法,分析了在桩顶下压、桩顶上拔和桩底上顶3种加载方式下由竖向荷载引起的附加的桩侧向应力.结果显示:在桩顶下压加载方式下附加的桩侧向应力为压应力,在桩顶上拔和桩底上顶两种加载方式下附加的桩侧向应力为拉应力;产生附加的桩侧向应力的主要部分位于桩顶下15～20m范围内及各土层分界面上下2.5m范围内;附加的桩侧向应力的最大值可达土自重产生的侧向应力的±80%以上,但沿桩长变化的梯度很大;桩周土类型、桩长和桩径对附加的桩侧向应力的数值及沿桩长的分布有不可忽略的影响.根据桩侧向应力与桩侧阻力之间的定性关系,讨论了竖向加载方式对桩侧阻力的影响.指出:通常不考虑土层的部位、不考虑桩长和桩径将桩顶下压加载方式下的桩侧阻力乘以一个折减系数作为桩顶上拔或桩底上顶加载方式下的桩侧阻力的做法是不适宜的.     

不同截面形状薄壁构件斜向碰撞性能分析

本文采用非线性有限元软件LS-DYNA,分别对圆形、正方形、长方形、正六边形、正八边形等截面形状不同,但质量相同的薄壁构件,在斜向载荷撞击下的抗撞性能进行数值分析计算。得到了其在不同载荷角下的碰撞响应,并对其变形模式、吸能特性和最大峰值冲击载荷进行了比较,数值计算结果表明：正方形截面薄壁构件在斜向冲击下的抗撞性能最优,长方形截面最弱。     

Rock burst mechanism analysis in an advanced segment of gob-side entry under different dip angles of the seam and prevention technology

In order to investigate the frequent occurrences of rock burst in gob-side entry during the mining process of the mining zone No. 7, the mechanical model of main roof of fully-mechanized caving mining before breaking was established by the Winkler foundation beam theory, and the stress evolution law of surrounding rock with different dip angles of the seam during the mining process was analyzed by using FLAC3 D. The results show that: with the dip angle changing from 45° to 0°, the solid-coal side of gobside entry begins to form an L-shaped stress concentration zone at a dip angle of 30°, and the stress concentration degree goes to higher and higher levels. However, the stress concentration degree of the coalpillar side goes to lower and lower levels; the influence range and peak stress of the abutment at the lateral strata of adjacent gob increase with dip angle decreasing and reach a maximum value at a dip angle of 0°, but the tailgate is not affected; the abutment pressure superposition of two adjacent gobs leads to stress concentration further enhancing in both sides of gob-side entry. With the influence of strong mining disturbance, rock burst is easily induced by dynamic and static combined load in the advanced segment of gob-side entry. To achieve stability control similar to that in the roadway, the key control strategy is to reinforce surrounding rock and unload both sides. Accordingly, the large-diameter drilling and high-pressure water injection combined unloading and reinforced support cooperative control technology was proposed and applied in field test. The results of Electromagnetic Emission(EME) and field observation showed that unloading and surrounding rock control effect was obvious.     

水平荷载作用下分层土体群桩复合地基中圆桩与方桩的变形性状

为了在复合地基理论与工程应用中合理地选用桩截面,分别对分层土体群桩复合地基中的圆截面桩与方截面桩在水平荷载作用下的变形性状进行了有限单元法的三维弹性分析,得到了圆截面桩与方截面桩在不同土层材料特性下出现最大应变的位置及其轴向应变性状,以及桩体的断桩点随土体分层状况改变而变化的规律。对计算结果的比较表明,圆截面桩的最大应变均比方截面桩的最大应变大,从而判断出在桩体横截面面积相等的条件下圆截面桩承载力比方截面桩承载力小许多。     

不同轮压分布形式对半刚性路面结构力学响应的有限元分析

针对轮胎接地形状的不规则性和轮压分布的不均匀性,运用三维有限元方法分析了轮压在圆形均匀分布、矩形均匀分布和矩形非均匀分布3种轮载作用形式下半刚性路面结构的力学响应.计算表明,轮压作用于路面的形状和非均匀性均对沥青路面的力学响应有显著的影响,尤其是超载时,圆形均布假设和矩形均布假设均不能正确反应半刚性结构层内部的剪切指标,只有矩形非均布假设能够很好地反应.研究提出,欠载及标准轴载时,可以采用圆形均布假设进行路面结构力学响应的分析;超载时,鉴于剪切指标对轮压非均匀性分布的敏感性,建议采用矩形非均匀分布荷载形式进行路面结构力学响应的分析及模拟仿真.