聚苯乙烯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯核/壳结构复合乳液的制备与形貌的研究

采用多步种子乳液聚合的方法 ,经过制种、合成核和合成壳 3个步骤 ,制备了具有核 /壳结构的聚苯乙烯(PS) /聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (PMMA)复合乳液 ,考察了制备条件对形成的复合乳液粒子的大小的影响。用透射电镜考察了复合乳液的形貌 ,发现乳液粒子的粒径在纳米级 ,预计在某些领域会有特殊用途。     

结构可控PMMA/PAN/PMMA三层核壳聚合物微球的制备与表征

采用多步无皂乳液聚合的方法合成了三层核壳结构的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/聚丙烯腈/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA/PAN/PMMA)聚合物微球。并通过改变单体加入量得到一系列不同结构的三层核壳微球。使用激光粒度仪、红外光谱、扫描电镜等对得到的三层微球进行表征。结果表明,制备的聚合物微球具有清晰的三层核壳结构,直径在300 nm~500nm之间;其第二层及第三层厚度可分别控制在15 nm~30 nm,40 nm~70 nm之间,较易实现了三层核壳聚合物结构的控制。     

核壳粒子的制备及对环氧树脂的增韧作用

采用无皂乳液聚合方法制备了以聚丙烯酸丁酯(PBA)为核、以聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)为壳的核壳粒子,讨论了引发剂量对种子乳液粒径的影响,MMA单体滴加速度对聚合反应的影响。用激光粒度仪和透射电子显微镜,分别测试了核壳粒子的粒径和形态。红外光谱(FT-IR)图谱证明了产物具有核壳结构。用合成的核壳粒子对环氧树脂进行增韧改性,冲击实验和扫描电镜结果表明,环氧树脂的缺口冲击强度较增韧前有了显著的提高,核壳粒子含量为3%时,共混体系的冲击强度达到峰值80.2 kJ/m2。     

核壳型纳米SiO_2改性含氟聚丙烯酸酯乳液稳定性的研究

采用无皂乳液聚合技术和核壳粒子设计,合成了核壳型纳米SiO2改性含氟聚丙烯酸酯无皂乳液,采用透射电镜观察了乳液粒子形态。研究结果表明,采用反应性乳化剂制备的无皂乳液稳定性更好,当反应温度为83℃、引发剂用量为1.1%、反应性乳化剂用量为4%时,所得乳液稳定性好,转化率高,凝胶较少;随着含氟单体用量的增加,乳液聚合稳定性及转化率逐渐降低。     

纳米结构氧化镁空心球壳的制备及吸附镍离子性能研究

以Pickering乳液的液滴为模板制备纳米结构MgO空心球壳,用SEM、XRD、BET等对空心球壳进行了表征,探讨了其形成机理,并考察了纳米结构MgO空心球壳对水中Ni2+的吸附性能。结果表明,MgO空心球壳为方镁石结构,比表面积为28m2/g;其平均粒径为63μm,表面由平均宽度为65nm的纳米片层构成。Pickering乳液油水界面的部分MgO通过水化反应转变成Mg(OH)2,复合在未反应的MgO粒子上,形成MgO/Mg(OH)2空心球壳;MgO/Mg(OH)2空心球壳经焙烧后得到纳米结构MgO空心球壳。当纳米结构MgO空心球壳用量为0.4g/L时,溶液(初始浓度25mg/L)中Ni2+的去除率为98.3%。     

细乳液法合成单核核壳结构氧化硅/聚苯乙烯复合微球

采用细乳液聚合法,以3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH570)表面改性的直径50nm的氧化硅粒子为核,在乳化剂、助乳化剂、引发剂存在的情况下制备了小粒径、单核核壳结构氧化硅/聚苯乙烯纳米复合微球.研究表明,苯乙烯的浓度、超声细乳化时间,是制备这种小粒径、单分散、单核核壳结构的氧化硅/聚苯乙烯纳米复合微球的关键因素.透射电镜(TEM)的观察显示,在优化的实验条件下,可以制得平均粒径95nm,壳厚20nm,粒径均一、球形规整度较好、单核核壳结构的氧化硅/聚苯乙烯纳米复合微球.其平均粒径远低于用其它聚合方法制备的复合微球.     

羧基功能型高分子／SiO2复合纳米粒子的制备方法

羧基功能型高分子／SiO2复合纳米粒子的制备方法，属于高分子材料技术领域。本发明以纳米SiO2粒子、偶联剂，有机烯烃单体及含羧基或羧酸盐基官能团的烯烃单体为原料，通过以水为介质的无皂乳液或无皂悬浮聚合制备羧基功能型高分子／SiO2复合纳米粒子。产物具有以无机纳米SiO2为核，有机烯烃聚合物为壳，羧基为表面官能团的球形粒子结构特征，粒径均匀且小于100nm，具有很高的化学反应活性，使其具有很高的应用价值和宽广的应用领域。     

纳米颗粒包覆ZrW_2O_8空心结构的制备和性能

采用包覆法制备单一相钨酸锆(ZrW2O8)空心球。研究选择以水热合成法制备的胶体碳球作为制备空心球的模板,通过溶胶—凝胶法制备了具有网状结构的钨酸锆前驱体凝胶,经过后续简单的包覆过程得到胶体碳球—钨酸锆凝胶形成的壳核结构,并对该壳核结构进行煅烧(610℃保温10h)后除去碳球模板得到ZrW2O8空心球。实验所得ZrW2O8空心球平均粒径约3μm,球壳平均厚度为1.5μm,构成壳层结构的纳米级ZrW2O8颗粒为棒状无规则多面体,尺寸约500nm×50nm×50nm。FTIR和TG-DTA分析证明,产物为立方相ZrW2O8空心球,密度为2.8g/cm3,比理论值降低了45%;产物空心球具有良好的负热膨胀特性,在室温至200℃的温度区间内,负膨胀系数略低于理论值,平均热膨胀系数为-11.4×10-6K-1。     

纳米Fe粒子包覆微米Al复合材料的制备与表征

采用置换法,通过在溶液中引入F-子,实现了弱酸性条件下Fe纳米粒子在微米Al粉表面定量、快速地化学沉积,制备出具有核壳结构的Fe/Al微纳米复合粒子.将该复合粒子中的Al核用盐酸溶蚀后得到由纳米Fe粒子组成的空心球壳.利用SEM、EDS、XRD、BET和TG/DSC对产物进行了相应地表征,结果表明,微米Al核表面被一层粒径约为30～60nm的Fe纳米粒子致密包覆,Fe/Al复合粉体的比表面积达到11.993m2/g较包覆前的1.082m2/g增加了11倍,且Fe/Al微纳米复合粉体与O2反应的活性明显高于原料Al粉.     

POSS/PMMA纳米复合粒子的制备与表征

以十二烷基硫酸钠为乳化剂,过硫酸钾为引发剂,用乳液聚合方法,合成出以笼型聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)为核,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)为壳的核壳型POSS/PMMA复合粒子。通过FT-IR红外光谱仪和XPS光电子能谱证实复合粒子的合成,激光粒度仪测量复合粒子粒径(大小在50nm左右)及其分布,透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察复合粒子的形态,其单分散性较好。     

分散聚合法制备SiO2/PAM核壳复合微球

采用分散聚合法制备出以SiO2为核、PAM为壳的核壳复合微球。根据Stber法制备了单分散SiO2微球,粒径随着TEOS、氨水浓度的增加而增大。采用硅烷偶联剂对SiO2微球进行表面处理,TEM显示处理后的微球继续保持单分散性,粒径有所增加。以SiO2微球或处理后的SiO2微球为核,采用分散聚合法在其上包覆AM,借助TEM、IR对其进行表征;研究发现,以处理后的Si O2微球为核能得到核壳结构,这种SiO2/PAM核壳微球的粒径大约为163 nm,包覆层30 nm左右。     

烷基化纳米SiO2/MMA乳液聚合物的表征及对PC的改性效果

用TEM,FTIR分析研究了烷基化纳米SiO₂ /MMA乳液聚合产物的结构。结果表明,乳液聚合产物的粒子基本呈球形,由核壳组成,中心为SiO₂核,外围为PMMA壳,核壳之间存在化学键。并在适量第三组分配合下能大幅度提高PC的韧性、加工流动性及耐热性,还研究了其增韧机理。     

Synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-poly(L-histidine) and its use as a hybrid silver nanoparticle conjugate

Poly[(methyl methacrylate)-block-poly(L-histidine)] (PMMA-b-PHIS) was synthesized by combining atom transfer radical polymerization and living ring-opening polymerization of alpha-amino acid-N-carboxyanhydride. The resulting hybrid block copolymer forms reverse micelles in the mixture solution of water and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and self-assembles into PHIS/PMMA core/shell spheres with controllable size in the range of 80 to 250 nm depending on the micellization temperature. The self-assembly of PMMA-b-PHIS was carried out in H2O/DMF (3/7) mixture in the presence of AgNO3. Reduction of the resulting Ag ions encapsulated inside of the reverse micelles yielded an attractive Ag nanoparticle core/polymer shell conjugate system.     

SiO2 PMMA-GMA亚微米复合粒子的制备及其对环氧树脂的改性

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了表面含可聚合官能团的亚微米SiO₂粒子,利用在其表面的乳液聚合成功制备了具有核-壳结构的SiO₂-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)复合粒子,通过TEM、FTIR和TGA对其结构进行了表征;然后制备了SiO₂-PMMA-GMA/环氧树脂复合材料,利用SEM观察其断裂形貌,并分析了复合粒子增韧环氧树脂的机制。结果表明: SiO₂为复合粒子的内核,粒径约为180 nm,其表面被PMMA-GMA聚合物包覆,厚度约为20 nm;PMMA-GMA聚合物与SiO₂的质量比为87.4%,PMMA-GMA聚合物对SiO₂的接枝率及PMMA-GMA聚合物的有效接枝率分别为77.0%和88.1%;当SiO₂-PMMA-GMA复合粒子在环氧树脂中的含量为4wt%时,其固化后的冲击强度可由19.2 kJ/m²增加到42.0 kJ/m²。     

湿法纺丝Amid-CNT/PAN复合纤维的结构与性能

通过溶液聚合得到胺化碳纳米管（Ami-CNT）/聚丙烯腈（PAN）复合溶液, 采用湿法纺丝技术制备了Amid-CNT/PAN复合纤维。利用红外光谱、 拉曼光谱、 差示扫描量热仪、 热失重仪和扫描电镜等方法分析Amid-CNT对PAN纤维结构的影响。结果表明: Amid-CNT与PAN大分子之间有很强的化学作用力; Amid-CNT在复合纤维中具有很高程度的取向, 使PAN纤维中氰基的取向从1.61提高到了2.30; 复合纤维在空气中的起始放热温度相对PAN纤维从212.30℃提前到206.01℃, 反应放热量从3054J/g降低到2346J/g; 复合纤维比PAN纤维的起始失重温度提前了3.7℃, 在700℃时的剩余质量提高了13.5%; 复合纤维的断面比PAN纤维具有更多的絮状结构。      

PBA/PMMA型核壳结构增韧剂的合成及表征

采用传统乳液聚合、无皂乳液聚合及其扩径聚合的方法,得到了粒径从０．０７８ｕｍ至１．３８ｕｍ的窄分布的ＢＡ（丙烯酸丁酯）为主单体的ＰＢＡ橡胶核,然后,进行ＰＭＭＡ的壳层种子接枝乳液聚合,得到ＰＢＡ／ＰＭＭＡ核壳结构胶乳,乳液经破乳过滤干燥后得到核壳结构增韧剂,发现随着橡胶相交联剂用量的增加,ＰＢＡ胶粒表现双键含量增加;核壳复合粒子表观羧基的含量可以用电位滴定法获得。实验表明,进行壳层混合单体（ＭＭＡ、ＭＡＡ）接枝时羧基主要分布在胶粒的浅层;核壳比对复合粒子的形态有较大影响。利用ＬＳ激光粒径仪测得胶粒的大小及其分布;同时,ＴＥＭ照片显示了核壳粒子的形态和尺寸。     

Preparation and characterization of CdS hollow spheres

CdS hollow spherical particles with average diameter of 800 and 850 nm have been prepared using core/shell fabrication method with poly-(styrene-acrylic acid) (PSA) latex particles as template. TEM images show that smoothly coated core/shell composite particles have been fabricated by multicycles of coating in optimum concentration of reactants. CdS hollow spheres were obtained after removing the template by dissolving the polymer in the organic solvent, and the wall thickness is about 40-100 nm.     

PS／P（BA－BOA）核壳乳液的研究

以丁氧基甲基丙烯酰胺（ＢＯＡ）为活性单体，采用种子乳液聚合法制备了ＰＳ／Ｐ（ＢＡ－ＢＯＡ）核壳型复合乳液，用透射电子显微镜观察了乳液粒子的微观形态，探讨了聚合方式等对微观结构的影响，对乳液的稳定性以及乳液膜的力学性能进行了测试，考察了聚合方式对乳液性能的影响。     

Facile synthesis of monodisperse superparamagnetic Fe3O4/PMMA composite nanospheres with high magnetization

Monodisperse superparamagnetic Fe(3)O(4)/polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) composite nanospheres with high saturation magnetization were successfully prepared by a facile novel miniemulsion polymerization method. The ferrofluid, MMA monomer and surfactants were co-sonicated and emulsified to form stable miniemulsion for polymerization. The samples were characterized by DLS, TEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA and VSM. The diameter of the Fe(3)O(4)/PMMA composite nanospheres by DLS was close to 90 nm with corresponding polydispersity index (PDI) as small as 0.099, which indicated that the nanospheres have excellent homogeneity in aqueous medium. The TEM results implied that the Fe(3)O(4)/PMMA composite nanospheres had a perfect core-shell structure with about 3 nm thin PMMA shells, and the core was composed of many homogeneous and closely packed Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles. VSM and TGA showed that the Fe(3)O(4)/PMMA composite nanospheres with at least 65% high magnetite content were superparamagnetic, and the saturation magnetization was as high as around 39 emu g(-1) (total mass), which was only decreased by 17% compared with the initial bare Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles.     

Synthesis of graphite incorporated core–shell composite of styrene-methylacrylate/polyaniline by surfactant free mini-emulsion polymerization and evaluation of their electrical property

A series of core–shell particles (SMAP/G) having polystyrene-methylacrylate copolymer (styrene-methyl acrylate) as the core and graphite incorporated polyaniline as the shell were prepared by surfactant free mini-emulsion polymerization. Here poly (SMA) copolymer latex particles were first dispersed in water and then coated with polyaniline (PA) by in situ polymerization of aniline in presence of different percentage (0.25, 0.50 and 1.0%) of graphite. The composite particles were characterized by FTIR, XRD and TGA. TEM and SEM analysis confirms the core–shell morphology of the composite particles. DC electrical conductivity values of all the samples were measured by using a standard four-probe method. The effect of temperature and the amount of graphite incorporated into the PA shell on the dc electrical conductivity of the core–shell composites was investigated. The electro chemical behaviour of the core–shell composites was studied by using a cyclic voltammeter. Electro chemical data shows that the core–shell composites are sufficiently stable under redox potential of 50 mV/s to find applications in various electronic devices.