SHMP改性硫酸钙晶须可作为纸张填料

正上海大学理学院化学系张迎等人采用不同改性剂对硫酸钙晶须进行溶解抑制表面处理,通过对改性前后硫酸钙晶须溶解度、表面性质、化学组成和留着率的表征,研究了改性剂对硫酸钙晶须溶解抑制效果以及改性硫酸钙晶须作为造纸填料对纸张力学性能的影响。研究表明,不同改性体系均对硫酸钙晶须溶解性有一定的抑制作用,其中六偏磷酸钠(SHMP)改性效果最好,     

SHMP改性硫酸钙晶须可作为纸张填料

上海大学理学院化学系张迎等人采用不同改性剂对硫酸钙晶须进行溶解抑制表面处理,通过对改性前后硫酸钙晶须溶解度、表面性质、化学组成和留着率的表征,研究了改性剂对硫酸钙晶须溶解抑制效果以及改性硫酸钙晶须作为造纸填料对纸张力学性能的影响。     

硫酸钙晶须表面改性及其性能研究

在不同条件丁使用不同改性剂进行硫酸钙晶须表面改性,探究硫酸钙晶须表面踟陆微观机理,综合实验数据,提出硫酸钙晶须改性较为理想的方案。结果表明：表面活性剂硬脂酸可以作为硫酸钙晶须的改性剂;初始硫酸钙晶须料浆浓度、改性剂掺量、改性时间、改性温度、烘干温度明显影响硬脂酸对硫酸钙晶须表面改性的效果。采用活性指数、接触角、钙离子溶解度和微观照片评定改性效果,建立硬脂酸对硫酸钙晶须表面改性的机理。     

石膏晶须的溶解抑制改性

结合石膏晶须的结构性能和特点,对石膏晶须溶解抑制改性进行初步研究。分析石膏晶须经改性剂TSAX改性后溶解度的变化,并研究了加填改性晶须后纸页白度、相关强度性质及填料留着率的变化情况。实验结果表明:采用改性剂TSAX对石膏晶须改性后可有效降低石膏晶须的溶解度,加填改性石膏晶须的纸页能取得较好的白度,但纸页强度有一定程度的降低。     

硫酸钙晶须溶解抑制改性及其在纸张中的应用

研究了磷肥新工艺中提取的硫酸钙晶须作为造纸填料的基本性能,并对其矿物组成及表面形貌进行了分析,分析表明其具有高的白度、高折射率及较低的硬度,但其溶解度较大,直接用于造纸很容易造成留着损失。主要通过物理、化学方法对其溶解度进行抑制,并对改性后的效果进行检测及表征,结果表明：物理和化学两种方法均可以有效地降低晶须的电导率,提高其在纸页中的留着率。     

造纸填料表面改性及应用研究

研究了阴离子和阳离子表面改性剂对重质碳酸钙双重表面改性的机理 ,并对改性重钙作为造纸填料的应用效果进行了研究。实验表明 ,该改性填料明显提高了填料留着率及纸张强度     

石膏晶须表面的无机改性及造纸填料应用

采用硫酸钡-CO2二次沉降法,对石膏晶须（CSW）进行表面改性研究,在降低石膏晶须溶解度的同时,提高其与纸浆的留着率。采用单因素条件试验,分别研究了研究晶须和氢氧化钡的质量比,氢氧化钡反应速率、氢氧化钡改性时间、CO2通入量等因素对石膏晶须溶解度的影响。改性后的石膏晶须产品用SEM、TEM、EDS、XRD等测试进行表征,并对改性包覆机理进行了研究,结果表明：改性石膏晶须CHP-CSWs的溶解度相对于未改性石膏晶须的溶解度从14%变为为4.5%,下降了约70%。将Ba-CSWs作为填料用于造纸工艺制备纸张,对纸张相关性能进行检测,试验发现纸张的白度和填料的留着率有所增加,说明硫酸钡-CO2二次沉降法可以作为有效的石膏晶须的表面改性方法。     

改性水凝胶包覆石膏晶须及在造纸过程中的溶出抑制

针对石膏晶须用作造纸填料时出现溶解度高、留着率低等问题,本研究采用改性水凝胶(CMC-Al_2(SO_4)_3)对石膏晶须进行包覆处理,分析包覆处理对石膏晶须的钙离子溶出的抑制作用;通过抄纸实验,分析使用改性石膏晶须在白水中的钙离子含量、石膏晶须留着率以及对成纸物理性能的影响。结果表明,用改性水凝胶包覆石膏晶须能有效地抑制硫酸钙溶解,溶解度较未包覆石膏晶须的降低59.2%;显微镜观察发现包覆石膏晶须表面有高分子物质。将包覆石膏晶须用于抄纸时,白水中钙离子的浓度较未包覆石膏晶须降低40.0%~41.6%;包覆石膏晶须的单程留着率达到56.7%~60.7%;纸张强度随包覆石膏晶须用量的提高而下降,纸张白度上升;较适宜的包覆石膏晶须用量为20%。     

改性硫酸钙晶须用于纸张加填的研究

研究了硫酸钙晶须的基本性能,并与商品GCC填料进行对比。考察了硫酸钙用于纸张加填所存在的主要问题,并针对这些问题对晶须改性处理。将改性后的晶须用于纸张加填,结果表明:未改性硫酸钙晶须用于纸张加填时,由于其溶解问题导致手抄片灰分较低。采用改性后的硫酸钙晶须加填时,纸张灰分明显提高,达到了PCC加填时的灰分水平,并且纸张强度大幅提高,但光散射系数下降。此外,改性硫酸钙晶须加填纸的灰分为21.95%时,其强度性能与灰分为14.99%的PCC加填纸基本相同。     

磷石膏晶须的改性及其在造纸中的应用

结合磷石膏晶须的结构性能和特点,对磷石膏晶须的改性及其在造纸中的应用进行初步研究。分析了磷石膏晶须经改性剂氯化镁和磷酸改性后其溶解度、留着率的变化及其对纸张物理性能的影响。研究结果表明,将磷石膏晶须用氯化镁和磷酸改性处理后,晶须的表面有一层包覆层,包覆层有效地降低了磷石膏晶须的溶解度。最佳改性条件为:氯化镁用量(相对于磷石膏晶须的绝干质量)为30%,氯化镁与磷酸的摩尔比为1∶1、改性时间20 min、改性温度60℃、磷酸溶液p H值9.0。改性后磷石膏晶须的溶解度可由0.25 g/100 g水降至0.03 g/100 g水。将改性磷石膏晶须用于纸张加填,可在一定程度上提高纸张的白度、不透明度,并改善磷石膏晶须的留着率,但纸张的强度性能有所降低。采用最佳改性条件下改性的磷石膏晶须加填,纸张的白度可提高4.2%,不透明度可提高4.5%,撕裂指数降低2.4%,抗张指数降低38.0%,耐破指数降低27.0%,改性磷石膏晶须的留着率可由原晶须的24.5%提升至77.8%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the